اثر کاربرد خاکپوش پلاستیکی بر برخی ویژگیهای مرفو- فیزیولوژیکی توت‌فرنگی در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه کردستان

2 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه کردستان

چکیده

آزمایشی برای بررسی کاربرد خاکپوش پلاستیکی بر روی رشد و نمو دو رقم توت فرنگی کوئین الیزا و پاروس تحت شرایط کم آبی به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تیمار دارای خاکپوش، بدون خاکپوش، آبیاری کامل )شاهد( و تنش خشکی )زمانی آبیاری صورت گرفت که مکش خاک به 11 بار رسید( با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. بعد از گذشت دو ماه -از شروع آزمایش برخی ویژگیهای رویشی، و فیزیولوژیکی در سال اول و میزان عملکرد در سال دوم اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط تنش خشکی محتوای نسبی آب برگ، شاخص پایداری غشاء سلولی و هدایت روزنهای در دو رقم کاهش یافته و با کاربرد خاکپوش میزان آنها در هر دو رقم در مقایسه با شرایط تنش افزایش یافت. میزان پرولین و کربوهیدراتهای محلول کل در دو رقم در شرایط تنش خشکی بهطور معنی درای در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش یافت. کاهش میزان ماده خشک کل بیشتر به هزینه کاهش وزن خشک برگ و دمبرگ روی داد. کاهش خصوصیات رویشی در اثر تنش خشکی عملکرد گیاهان توت فرنگی در سال بعد را کاهش داد. کاربرد خاکپوش سبب افزایش میزان محصول در سال بعد در دو رقم در مقایسه با گیاهانی شد که در شرایط تنش خشکی تحت خاکپوش کاشت نشده بودند. این نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد خاکپوش پلاستیکی به بهبود خصوصیات رویشی توت فرنگی تحت شرایط تنش خشکی کمک میکند و سبب میشود کاهش کمتری در میزان محصول در سال بعد روی دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of plastic mulch on some physiological and morphological characteristics of strawberry under drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bakhtiyar Shokri 1
  • Naser Ghaderi 2
  • Teymoor Javadi 2
1 Former M. Sc. Student, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran
چکیده [English]

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of plastic mulch on the growth and some physiological characteristics of two strawberry cultivars (Paros and Queen elisa) under drought stress. A factorial experiment was performed based on randomized complete block design with four treatments, including mulch, without mulch, normal irrigation (control) and deficit irrigation (-10 bar) with three replications. Some vegetative and physiological parameters in first year and yield of second year were measured. Results showed that leaf relative water content and stomatal conductance reduced by drought stress in both cultivars. Using of mulch increased leaf relative water content, cell membrane stability index and stomatal conductance in both cultivars compared with drought stress conditions. Drought stress reduced cell membrane stability index in Queen Eliza. However, Parus had higher cell membrane stability index than Queen elisa under drought conditions. Proline and total soluble carbohydrates significantly increased in both cultivars under drought stress compared to control. The amount of total soluble carbohydrates increased in Parus under drought conditions even with using mulch. Root to shoot dry weight ratio was increased under drought stress. Reduction of total dry matter was obtained by decline in leaf and petiole dry matter. However, application of mulch had significant effect on increasing of root dry weight, volume and length under drought stress. Yield of next year increased by mulch application under drought stress compared to non-mulch application. Results showed that using plastic mulch improved growth characteristics of strawberry under drought stress and helped to lower reduction of next year yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • dry weight distribution
  • Mulch
  • relative water content
  • vegetative characteristics
  • yield

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 18 خرداد 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 مرداد 1393
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 مرداد 1393

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