بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت بر روند تجمع مادۀ خشک و خصوصیات زراعی ارقام سیب‏زمینی تحت‌تأثیر یخ‏بندان در شرایط مزرعه

دارابی, عبدالستار; صالحی محمدی, رضا

doi:10.22059/ijhs.2015.54122

بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت بر روند تجمع مادۀ خشک و خصوصیات زراعی ارقام سیب‏زمینی تحت‌تأثیر یخ‏بندان در شرایط مزرعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ . استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بهبهان

² استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

10.22059/ijhs.2015.54122

چکیده

این پژوهش به‏صورت آزمایش کرت‏های‏یک‌بار خرد‌شده در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار به‌مدت یک ‏سال زراعی (1390‌ـ 1391) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بهبهان اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی شامل سه تاریخ کاشت از یازدهم آذرماه تا اول دی‌ماه به فاصلۀ 10 روز و فاکتور فرعی چهار رقم سیب‌زمینی (سانته، ساوالان، سانتانا و المرا) بود. هنگام وقوع یخ‏بندان گیاهان در دو تاریخ کاشت 11 و 21 آذرماه به‌ترتیب در مرحلۀ غده‏زایی و رشد سبزینه‏ای بودند که در‌نتیجه کلیۀ اندام‏های هوایی بوته‏ها از بین رفتند ولی در تاریخ کاشت اول دی‌ماه گیاهان هنوز از خاک خارج نشده بودند. یک هفته قبل از برداشت، اندام‏های هوایی قطع و غده‏ها در اواخر اردیبهشت‌ماه برداشت شدند. در اولین نمونه‏برداری بعد از وقوع یخ‏بندان، مقدار مادۀ خشک اندام‏ هوایی و غده در کلیۀ ارقام کاهش یافت. رقم ساوالان سریع‏تر از سایر ارقام ترمیم یافت. همچنین سرعت ترمیم گیاهان در تاریخ کاشت 21 آذر سریع‏تر از تاریخ کاشت 11 آذرماه بود. بیشترین تجمع مادۀ خشک بوته در دو تاریخ کاشت 11 و 21 آذرماه به رقم ساوالان تعلق داشت. به‏دلیل بیشتر‌بودن مقدار مادۀ خشک بوته در تاریخ کاشت 11 آذرماه نسبت به 21 آذرماه، اختلاف عملکرد محصول در تاریخ کاشت 21 آذر (96/7 تن در هکتار) در مقایسه با تاریخ کاشت 11 آذر (39/7 تن در هکتار) در سطح معنا‏دار 5درصد برتر بود. نتایج نشان داد که بر اثر یخ‏بندان عملکرد کل و قابل فروش غده، درصد عملکرد قابل فروش و متوسط وزن غده در هر دو تاریخ کاشت 11 و 21 آذرماه در مقایسه با تاریخ کاشت اول دی‌ماه کاهش یافت ولی اثر یخ‏بندان بر متوسط تعداد غده و درصد مادۀ خشک غده معنا‏دار نبود. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش به‌منظور اجتناب از خسارت یخ‏بندان به کشت زمستانۀ سیب‏زمینی در خوزستان از کاشت این محصول قبل از اوایل دی‌ماه بایستی اجتناب کرد و رقم ساوالان به‌منزلۀ مناسب‏ترین رقم برای این کشت توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.2008482.1394.46.1.3.2

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of planting date on dry matter content and agronomical characteristics of potato cultivars influenced by natural frost in field conditions

نویسندگان [English]

Abdolsatar Darabi ¹
Reza Salehi Mohammadi ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Agriculture & Natural Resources Research Center of Khuzistan, Behbahan

² . Assistant Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Frost occurrence during plant growth created special conditions to evaluate the effects of planting date on dry matter content and agronomical characteristics of potato cultivars influenced by natural frost in field conditions. A split-plot experiment with three replications was carried out to compare three planting dates, as main plot, from 1 to 21 November with 10 day intervals and four cultivars (Sante, Savalan, Santana and elmera) as sub plot for one year (2011-2011) at Behbahan Agriculture Research Station. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. All haulms of plants in planting dates of 1 and 11 Nov., in vegetative growth and tuber initiation stages all haulms were killed due to frost. However plants in planting date of 21 Nov didn’t emerge. One week before harvest, haulms were defoliated. Tubers were harvested at mid-May. The haulm and tuber dry matter content of all cultivars decreased in the first sampling date after frost. The recovery rate of Savalan cultivar was higher than other cultivars. Plants in planting date of 11 Nov. were recovered faster than the plants in planting date of 1 Nov. Savalan cultivar produced the maximum dry matter content in planting dates of 1 and 11 Nov. Due to higher dry matter content of plants in planting date of 11 Nov., the yield of mentioned planting date was higher than planting date of 1 Nov. Comparison of characteristics showed that frost influenced the total and marketable yield, marketable yield percentage and mean tuber weight of 1 and 11 Nov planting dates, which were higher than 21 Nov planting date. However, the effect of frost on mean tuber number and tuber dry matter content did not differe significantly. Regarding to results, planting of winter potato should be avoided before late January in Khuzestan province to minimize the risk of yield damage by frost and Savalan cultivar is recommended for winter potato planting in this province.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

phonology
vegetative growth
tuber initiation
haulm
tuber

مراجع

Anonymus. (2011). Agricultural statistics, first volume-horticultural and field crop, 2009-10 cropping cusle. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Programming and Economic Deputy, Statistics and Information Technology Office. pp. 64. (In Farsi).
Bohl, W.H. & Love, S.L. (2004). Bulking rate of six potato varieties in Idaho. Idaho Potato Conference on January 22. 4p.
Buchanan, B., Gruissemen, W. & Jones, R. (2000). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants. American Society of Plant Physiology. Rockville, MD, USA.
Chen, H.H. & Li, P.H. (1980). Biochemical changes in tuber-bearing Solanum species in relation to frost hardiness during cold acclimation. Plant Physiology, 66, 414-421.
Darabi, A. (2000). Effect of planting date on the yield of potato cultivars in autumn cultivation. Proceedings of the 2^nd Iranian Horticultural Sciences Congress. 19-21 September 3000. Karaj Iran.
Darabi, A. (2007). Effects of autumn and winter planting and temperature stress on total yield, marketable yield and yield components of some potato cultivars. Seed and Plant, 23(3), 373-385. (In Farsi).
Darabi,A. & Eftekhari, S.A. (2012). Evaluation of phonology stages and some growth indices of potato cultivars. 12^th Iranian Crop Science Congress. 4-6 September. Karaj. Iran.
Dwell, R.B., KleinKopf, G.E. & Pavek, J.G. (1981). Stomatal conductance and Gross photosynthesis of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as influenced by irradiance, temperature and growth stage. Potato Research, 24, 49-59.
Ewing, E.E. (1997). Potato, pp: 295–344. In: Wien. H.C. (ed.). The Physiology of Vegetable Crops. CAB International. New York.
Ewing, E.E. & Struik, P.C. (1992). Tuber formation in potato: induction, initiation and growth. Horticultural Reviews, 14, 89-198.
Felenji, H. & Ahmadizadeh, M. (2011). Evaluating yield and some traits of potato cultivars in fall cultivation if Jiroft Area. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 1(12), 643-649.
Folgado, R., Panis, B., Sergeant, K., Renaut, J., Swennen, R. & Hausmaan, J.F. (2013). Differential protein expression in response to abiotic stress in two potato species: Solanum commersonii Dun and Solanum tuberosum L.. International Journal of Molecular Science, 14, 4912-4933.
Fowler, D.B. & Limin, A.E. (2004). Interactions among factors regulating phonological development and acclimation rate determine low-temperature tolerance in wheat. Annals of Botany, 94, 717-724
Hassanabadi, H. (2011). Standardizing the loss adjustment methods and estimating potential yield in different growing stages of potato crop. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. KaraJ, Iran. 136 p. (in Farsi)
Hassanabadi, H., Hassanpanah, D., Mortazavibak, A., Kazemi, A., Alam Khoumaram, M. H. Mohammadi, A., Darabi, A., Sarparast, R., Mirzaei, Y., Mousapour Gorji, A., Hassani, H., Rahmani Ghobadi, A., Hosseinzadeh, A., Dehdar, B., Paseban, M., Pashnam, R., Hassani, M. & Sabouhi, M. (2012). ‍‍Loss adjustment methods in different growing stages of potato crop. Design final report. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. 40p. (in Farsi)
Hassanpanah, D., Hosienzaded, A.A. & Allahyari, N. (2009). Evaluation of planting date effects on yield and yield components of Savalan and Agria cultivars in Ardabil region. Journal of food Agriculture & Environment, 27(3&4), 525-528.
Hijmans, R.J. (1993). Estimating frost risk in potato production on the Altiplano using interpolated climate data. Impact on a changing word. Program report 1997-1998. International potato center, Lima pp. 373-380.
Hijmans, R.J., Condori, B., Carillo, R. & Kropff, M. J. (2003). A quantitative and constraint-specific method to assess the potential impact of new agricultural technology: the case of frost resistant potato for the Altiplano (Peru and Bolivia). Agricultural Systems, 76, 895-9ll.
Jaramillo, J., Alvarez, A.M. & Saldarriag, V. (1989). Estudio del nivel economico de dano de la polilla dela papa, phtoriaea operculella (Zeller). Revista Colombiana de Entomologia, 15, 28-35.
Khan, A.A., Jilani, M.S., Khan, M.Q. & Zubair, M. (2011). Effect of seasonal variation on tuber bulking rate of potato. The Journal of Animal & Plant Science, 21(1), 31-37.
KleinKopf, G. E., Brandt, T. L. & Olsen, N. (2003). Physiology of tuber bulking. Idaho Potato Conference on January 23, 4 p.
Melekoti, M.G. & Tehrani, M.M. (1999). The Role of Micronutrients in Increasing Yield and Qulatiy of Agricultural Crops. Trabiat Modarres University Publication. Tehran, Iran.185pp. (In Farsi).
Midmore, D. J (1992). Potato production in the tropics. pp. 728–793. In: Harris, P.M. (ed) Potato Crop. Chapman and Hall, London.
Palta, J.P., Bamberg, J.B. & Vega, S.E. (2008). Improving freezing tolerance of cultivated potatoes: Moving frost hardy genes from wild potatoes and making real progress using precise screening tools. HortScience, 43, 1108.
Parvizi, Kh., Souri, J. & Mahmoodi, R. (2011). Evaluation of cultivation date on yield and amount of tuber disordes of potato cultivars in Hamadan province. Journal of Horticultural Science, 25(1), 82-93. (In Farsi).
Rezaee, A. & Soltani, A. (1996). Introduction to Potato Production. Jehad-e-Danehgahi Mashhad Publication. Mashhad, Iran. 179 pp. (In Farsi).
Rajabi, A. (2000). Potato Diseases. University Center Publication. Tehran, Iran: 4-55 (in Farsi).
Sabbagh Shoushetri, H. (1992). Potato and its cultural problems in Khuzestan province. Abstracts of the First Vegetable Research Seminar. Karaj, Iran: 18-20. (In Farsi).
Shields, E.J. & J.A. Wyman. (1984). Effect of defolation at specific growth stages on potato yield. Journal of Economic Entomology, 77, 1194-1199.
Siadat, S.A., Hashemi-Dezfouli, S.A., Valizadeh, M. & Sadeghzadeh -hemayati, S. (1999). Analysis of three potato verities growth under planting pattern and density. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 30 (2), 379-396. (In Farsi).
Venter, C. (2006). Inheritance of freezing stress in South African potato (Solanum tuberosum) germplasm. Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Magister Scientae Agriculturae. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences.
Vega, S.E., Palta, J.P. & Bamberg, J.B. (2000). Variability in the rate of cold acclimation and deacclimation among tuber-bearing solanum (potato) species. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 125(2), 205-211.