نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سعیده محتشمی
• عسکر غنی

گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جهرم، جهرم، ایران

چکیده

کلیدواژه‌ها

• اهلی‌سازی
• اسانس
• خلیلو
• سبزی‌های معطر
• گیاهان بومی

موضوعات

• علوم گیاهان دارویی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phytochemical Investigation of Anisosciadium orientale DC.: A Waluable Plant with Medicinal and Food Potentials

نویسندگان [English]

• Saeideh Mohtashami
• Askar Ghani

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Domestication
• Essential oil
• Khalilou
• Native plants
• Aromatic vegetables

Extended Abstract

Introduction

    Anisosciadium orientale DC. a native species to Iran, is a valuable medicinal plant belonging to Apiaceae family, which grows naturaly in the provinces of Fars, Bushehr, Ilam, Hormozgan, Khuzestan, Lorestan, and Kermanshah. It is used to reduce toothache, treat diarrhea and control epilepsy by local pepole. In addition, it is utilized as an aromatic desert vegetable, consumed raw or cooked in various dishes, or dried as a spice. It is important to note that different parts of a plant can vary significantly in their bioactive compound profiles, not only in quantity but also in the specific types of these compounds. This study aimed to investigate the phenological stages and phytochemical properties, as well as profiling of the essential oils of Anisosciadium orientale.

Materials and Methods

   The specimens of Anisosciadium orientale were collected from Khafr city in Fars province in year 2022 - 2023 and subjected to further analysis. For phenological investigation, site visits and data collection were done every week, and the starting and ending times of vegetative growth, stemming, flowering and fruit set were recorded. In order to compare the contents of biochemical compounds across different parts of plants, an experiment based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications.was conducted.

For measuring biochemical compounds, plant extracts were prepared using 70% methanol. The flavones and flavonols assays were conducted according to the method used by Popova et al., (2004) with some modifications. The results were given as mg quercetin/g dry weight of plant sample. The total phenolic contents of the extract were analyzed using Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric reagent (Wojdylo et al., 2007). Gallic acid is used as a standard. The radical scavenging capacity of extract was determined by a spectrophotometric method based on the reduction of a methanol solution from DPPH (Oke et al., 2009). For tannin content, the vanillin-HCL method, was used and absorbance was measured at 500 nm. Catechin is used as a standard (Broadhurst and Jones, 1978). Carbohydrate content was measured by anthrone colorimetric reagent at 630 nm (Yemm and Willis, 1954). Essential oil extraction was performed using Clevenger apparatus, and GC/MS analysis was done to identifying components of the oil.

Results and Discussion

    Phenological studies showed that the growth period of Anisosciadium orientale in the studied area is about 60 to 70 days depending on the environmental conditions. The initial visible growth started in the second half of February. The first leaves (non-cotyledons) were finely divided similar to dill leaves. Plants had the rosettes growth and horizontale expantion in the second half of March. Flowering stage started with the end of horizontal growth and the completion of the main stems. Flowering was irregular and had a relatively long period, so that in the studied area, flowering started from the third decade of March and continued until the middle of April. In the second half of April to the beginning of May, which coincides with the warming of the weather and the decrease of rainfall, all the flowers were developed into seeds, and the leaves of the plant were also dried or weakened.

The results related to the morphological characteristics demonstrated that this plant generallly has a relatively small size, the small number of stems (about four stems) and a low biomass. From the total weight of the biomass of the plant (fresh weight), the highest amount (0.95 g, constituting 39.25%) is attributed to the stems and shoots, Conversely, the lowest amount (0.66 g, representing 27. 27 percent) related to the flower, while the leaf contribution was also 0.81 g accounting for 33.47% of the fresh weight.

A significant difference was observed in the amount of active substances between different parts of the A. orientale. Comparing different parts of this plant showed that flowers had the highest amount of essential oil (1.01% v/w), flavons and flavonols (0.49 mg quercetin/g dry weight) and antioxidant activity (90%). While the highest amounts of phenolic compounds (24.72 gallic acid/g dry weight), flavonoids (99.82 quercetin/g dry weight) and carbohydrates (420.23 mg/g) were found in fruits. Also, among the different parts of the plant, the leaves contained more tannin (2.09 catechin/g dry weight). According to the results of this research, it seems that the stems of Anisosciadium orientale DC. have the lowest amount of active substances. The findings regarding the essential oil composition of this research showed that 27 different compounds were identified in the essential oil of this plant, which make up 99.95% of the components of the essential oil. The most important components of essential oil include limonene (56.29%), myrcene (14.80%), and alpha-pinene (11.10%).

Conclusion

    According to the findings of this research, the harvesting time of Anisosciadium orientale at different growth stages is crucial because of the variation in the levels of active substances in different parts of the plant. Since the flowers and fruits contain higher concentrations of active compounds, it is recommended to harvest the plant at the end of the flowering stage and the early fruiting stage, when both flowers and fruits are present simultaneously. It is important to note that harvesting at this stage may threaten seed production and the survival of the plant. Therefore, a comprehensive program for Anisosciadium orientale domestication and cultivation is recommended. The analysis of essential oils also revealed that its pleasant aroma is due to the presence of aromatic compounds such as limonene, myrcene, and alpha-pinene. Future research should focus on investigating the antioxidant activity of different plant organs using various methods, such as DPPH, ABTS, FRAP at different growth stages. Additionally, the evaluation of mineral elements present in various parts of the plant should be conducted.

Author contributions: Saeideh Mohtashami

   Writing–review & editing, Methodology, Conceptualization, Writing–original draft, Investigation. Askar Ghani: Writing–review & editing, Methodology, Supervision, Statically analysis.

Data availability statement

Data will be made available on request.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to Jahrom University for providing the necessary facilities and support that made this research possible.

Ethical considerations

 No ethical approval was required for this study, as it did not involve human or animal subjects.

Conflict of interest

 The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.