تأثیر محلول‌پاشی سایتوکنین و اسید آمینه بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی میوه کیوی رقم هایوارد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• ساسان برومند لمر ¹
• ابراهیم عابدی قشلاقی ²
• فرهنگ رضوی ³
• ولی ربیعی ⁴

¹ گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

² بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی- باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران.

³ گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان ، ایران.

⁴ گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

چکیده

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آنزیم‌های آنتیاکسیدان
• پایداری کشاورزی آنزیم
• سفتی
• وزن میوه
• ویتامین ث

موضوعات

• علوم میوه

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Foliar Application of Exogenous Cytokinin (CPPU) and Amino Acids on the Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa 'Hayward')

نویسندگان [English]

• Sassan Boromand Lomer ¹
• Ebrahim Abedi Gheshlaghi ²
• Farhang Razavi ³
• Vali Rabiei ⁴

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Antioxidant enzymes
• Agricultural stability
• Firmness
• Fruit weight
• Vitamin C

Extended Abstract

Introduction

The widespread use of mineral fertilizers today has raised concerns regarding human health and environmental risks. Increasing awareness about the sustainable agricultural systems has led to a growing preference for natural compounds to enhance fruit growth and quality. The primary objective of kiwifruit production is to boost the fruit yield and quality, particularly in terms of weight. This research explores the impact of foliar application of exogenous cytokinin (CPPU) and amino acids on the quality and quantity characteristics of kiwifruit.

Material and Methods

The experiment followed a factorial design, employing a randomized complete block design with three replications and two factors. The first factor comprised two concentrations (0.75 and 1.5 ppm) of synthetic cytokinin forchlorfenuron (CPPU) with the brand name NERGOFEX, a product of DOGAL Turkey. Additionally, three concentrations (1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm) of powdered amino acid, commercially named "Amino Spark," were included, along with a control treatment sprayed with water. The foliar spraying occurred at the early of the third and fourth week after the full bloom stage. Measured traits included fruit size (length and width), fruit weight, fruit volume, titratable acid, fruit texture firmness, soluble solids (TSS), total flavonoids and phenols, vitamin C, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase). Statistical analysis utilized analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS software (version 20), and differences were assessed using Duncan's multiple range test at a significance level of 5%.

Results and Discussion

The analysis of variance revealed that all measured traits were significantly influenced by the simple effects of treatments (amino acids and cytokinin). Additionally, all measured traits, except fruit length, were significantly affected by the simple effects of foliar spraying times. Fruit weight, firmness, titratable acid, total flavonoid, catalase, and antioxidant capacity at the 5% level, and vitamin C and total phenol at the 1% level, were impacted by the interaction effects of treatments and spraying time. The treatments and interaction effects of exogenous cytokinin and amino acids foliar increased the quality of kiwifruit compared to the control. The highest fresh weight (121.6 g), firmness (5.3 kg/cm²), total phenols (78.7 mg 100 g^-1 FW) and flavonoids (13.8 mg 100 g^-1 FW), ascorbic acid (47.4 mg 100 g^-1 FW), total antioxidant activity (82.2%), and catalase activity (9.2 U g^-1 FW) were observed in the treatment of 3 g/l amino acids with foliar application in the beginning of fourth week after full bloom. The highest superoxide dismutase activity (76.2 and 72.9 U g ^-1 FW), ascorbate peroxidase activity (25.8 and 22.4 U g^-1 FW), fruit length (66.1 and 65.8 mm), and fruit width (56.5 and 55.5 mm) were obtained with amino acid 3000 ppm and CPPU 1.5 ppm alone. Overall, the foliar application of 3000 ppm amino acid and 1.5 ppm CPPU, in the beginning of the fourth week after full bloom, had a more significant impact on the majority of traits compared to the control in Hayward kiwifruit.

Conclusion

Considering the lack of significant differences between 3000 ppm of amino acid and 1.5 ppm of cytokinin in most of the measured quantitative and qualitative traits, it seems that using of amino acids instead of cytokinin as natural and safe substances to increase the yield and quality of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit cultivar can be a suitable solution to reduce the consumption of fertilizers and chemicals and environmental hazards.