ارزیابی پروفایل اسیدهای چرب روغن برخی از رقم ها و ژنوتیپ‌های امیدبخش زیتون در منطقه ‏طارم استان زنجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه گرمسیری،‎ ‎موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ‏ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر، ایران

2 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران

3 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج ‏کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در این پژوهش صفات کمی و کیفی روغن سه ژنوتیپ امیدبخش زیتون (T2، T7 و T18) و دو رقم زرد و کرونیکی از کلکسیون زیتون ایستگاه تحقیقات زیتون طارم در استان زنجان طی دو سال (1397 و 1396) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد ژنوتیپ T18 با 96/70 و 58/69 درصد روغن در ماده خشک گوشت به ترتیب طی سال‌های ۱۳96 و ۱۳97 دارای بیش‌ترین میزان روغن در مقایسه با سایر رقم ها و ژنوتیپ­ها بود. هم‌چنین ژنوتیپ T18 دارای بیش‌ترین درصد اولئیک اسید و مجموع اسیدهای چرب اشباع نشده با یک پیوند دوگانه مضاعف بود. میزان اولئیک اسید این ژنوتیپ در سال­های ۱۳96 و ۱۳97 به ترتیب 3/80 و 8/79 درصد بود. علاوه بر این میزان پالمتیک اسید این ژنوتیب (5/9 و 3/10 درصد به ترتیب در سال­های ۱۳96 و ۱۳97) نیز در مقایسه با سایر رقم ها و ژنوتیپ­ها در سطح پایین­تری قرار داشت. ژنوتیپ T7 نیز لینولئیک اسید بالاتر (2/14 و 67/18 درصد به ترتیب در سال­های ۱۳96 و ۱۳97) و اولئیک اسید پایین­تر (8/66 و 5/60 درصد به ترتیب در سال­های ۱۳۹۶ و ۱۳۹۷) داشت. بر اساس تجزیه به مولفه­های اصلی (چهار مولفه نخست)، مولفه اول بیش‌تر با صفات اثر مثبت روی کیفیت روغن زیتون همانند اولئیک اسید و اسیدهای چرب اشباع نشده و افزایش درصد روغن مرتبط بود. در مجموع با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، ژنوتیپ T18 از نظر کمیت و کیفیت روغن برتر از سایر رقم ها و ژنوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی بود و می‌تواند در برنامه معرفی رقم قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of oil fatty acid profiles of some promising olive cultivars and genotypes ‎in Tarom region of Zanjan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abouzar Hashempour 1
  • Mahmoud Azimi 2
  • Samaneh Asadi-Sanam 3
1 Assistant Professor, Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, ‎Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ramsar, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center, Agricultural Research, Education ‎and Extension Organization (AREEO), Zanjan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Medicinal Plants Research, Forests and Rangelands Research Institute, Agricultural Research, ‎Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran‎
چکیده [English]

In this study, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the olive oil of three promising genotypes (T2, T7 and T18) and two cultivars (Zard and Koroneiki) from Tarom olive collection in Zanjan province were evaluated during two crop years (2017-2018). The results showed that T18 genotype with 70.96% and 69.58% oil in flesh dry matter had the highest amount of oil during 2017 and 2018, respectively, compared to other cultivars and genotypes. Also T18 genotype had the highest percentage of oleic acid and total unsaturated fatty acids with a double bonds. The oleic acid content of T18 genotype in 2017 and 2018 was 80.3% and 79.8%, respectively. In addition, the amount of palmitic acid in T18 genotype (9.5% and 10.3% in 2017 and 2018, respectively) was also lower than other cultivars and genotypes. T7 genotype had higher linoleic acid (14.2 and 18.67% in 2017 and 2018, respectively) and lower oleic acid (66.8 and 60.5% in 2017 and 2018, respectively). Based on principal component analysis (first four components), the first component was mostly associated with the traits of positive effect on the olive oil quality such as oleic acid and unsaturated fatty acids and increasing the oil percentage. In general, according to the results of this experiment, T18 genotype was superior to other cultivars and genotypes in terms of quantity and quality of oil and can be included in the cultivar introduction program.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fatty acids
  • genotype
  • olive‏ ‏oil
  • oil quality‎

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 52، شماره 4
بهمن 1400
صفحه 937-949

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 دی 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 19 اسفند 1399

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