بررسی ویژگی‌های میوه و عملکرد شش رقم تجاری زیتون به محلول‌پاشی کائولین در شرایط گرم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان ‏تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران‏

2 استادیار پژوهشی، گروه فیزیولوژی و فناوری پس از برداشت، پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری، مؤسسه ‏تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، ایران

3 دانشیار، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

4 مربی پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان ‏تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر محلول­پاشی کائولین بر ویژگی‌های پومولوژیکی و عملکردی برخی رقم های زیتون در استان کرمانشاه، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل اول رقم های زیتون  در شش سطح (آمفی­سیس، سویلانا، روغنی، مانزانیلا،کنسروالیا و زرد) و عامل دوم و کائولین در سه سطح (صفر به عنوان شاهد (محلول پاشی با آب) و 2 و 4 درصد) بود. دو مرحله محلول­پاشی کامل درختان زیتون با کائولین‎، در اواسط تیر و مرداد (با توجه به هوای گرم و خشک در این مدت و نیز تجمع روغن در زیتون همزمان با این دوره)، انجام گرفت. یاداشت­برداری­ صفات زایشی شامل عملکرد میوه و روغن، وزن میوه، ابعاد میوه، وزن تر و خشک گوشت، درصد ماده خشک و درصد رطوبت میوه، وزن تر و خشک هسته، ابعاد هسته، نسبت وزن تر و خشک گوشت به هسته و درصد روغن در ماده تر و خشک در تیمارهای مختلف ثبت گردید. نتایج نشان داد واکنش رقم های زیتون مورد مطالعه به محلول­پاشی سطوح مختلف کائولین، متفاوت بود. بیشترین عملکرد میوه در هکتار و وزن میوه در رقم کنسروالیا و محلول­پاشی4 درصد کائولین حاصل شد و کمترین عملکرد و وزن میوه در رقم روغنی مشاهده شد. در تمامی رقم های مورد مطالعه محلول­پاشی کائولین باعث افزایش وزن میوه و عملکرد در هکتار شد. بنابراین با استفاده از محلول­پاشی کائولین در دو مرحله رشدی میوه می­توان باعث بهبود خصوصیات پومولوژیکی و عملکردی در رقم های مختلف زیتون در مناطق گرم و نیمه گرم کشورگردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of fruit characteristics and yield of six commercial olive cultivars to ‎kaolin foliar application in warm conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahmatollah Gholami 1
  • Abuzar Hashempour 2
  • Issa Arji 3
  • Aboalmahsan Hadjiamiri 4
1 Assistant Professor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources ‎Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran‎
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Post-Harvest Physiology and Technology, Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center, ‎Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ramsar, Iran
3 Associate Professor,‎‏ ‏Facultyof Science and Agricultural Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, , Razi ‎University, Kermanshah, Iran
4 Instructor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and ‎Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effects of kaolin foliar application on pomological and yield characteristics of some olive cultivars in Kermanshah province, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was olive cultivars at six levels (Amphisis, Seville, Roughani, Manzanillo, Konservolia and Zard) and the second factor was kaolin at three levels (zero as control (foliar application with water) and 2 and 4%). Two stages of complete foliar application of olive trees with kaolin, in mid-July and August (due to warm and dry weather during this period and accumulation oil in olive at the same time) was carried out. Recording of reproductive traits including fruit and oil yield, fruit weight, fruit dimensions, fresh and dry weight of pulp, percentage of dry matter and moisture content of fruit, fresh and dry weight of pit, pit dimensions and percentage of oil in wet and dry matter was recorded in different treatments. The results showed that the response of the studied olive cultivars to foliar application of different levels of kaolin was different. The highest fruit yield per hectare and fruit weight were obtained in Konservolia cultivar and 4% kaolin foliar application and the lowest yield and fruit weight were observed in Roughani cultivar. In all studied cultivars, kaolin foliar application increased fruit weight and yield per hectare. Therefore, by using kaolin foliar application in two stages of fruit growth, it is possible to improve the pomological and yield characteristics of different olive cultivars in warm and semi-warm regions of the country.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fruit
  • kaolin
  • olive

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 52، شماره 4
بهمن 1400
صفحه 927-935

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 اردیبهشت 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 خرداد 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 30 خرداد 1400

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