تأثیر سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی بر برخی ویژگی‏‌های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیوشیمیایی سه رقم ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.)

مقدم, محمد; علیرضایی نقندر, مرتضی; سلاح ورزی, یحیی; گلدانی, مرتضی

doi:10.22059/ijhs.2015.55870

تأثیر سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی بر برخی ویژگی‏‌های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیوشیمیایی سه رقم ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

² دانشجوی سابق دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

³ مربی پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات انار، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

⁴ استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

10.22059/ijhs.2015.55870

چکیده

این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی سه رقم اصلاح‌شدۀ ریحان در دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 1391 انجام شد. آزمایش گلدانی به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایۀ طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه رقم تجاری ریحان Comin Hoja Larga)، Rubi،Genoes ) و سه سطح تنش خشکی (شاهد، تنش متوسط 75 درصد و تنش شدید 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) بود. نتایج تجزیۀ واریانس صفات مورفولوژیکی نشان داد که بین ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و درصد اسانس در ارقام مختلف اختلاف معنا‏داری وجود دارد. همچنین سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی تأثیر معنا‏داری بر تعداد شاخۀ فرعی، وزن تر و درصد اسانس در ارقام مختلف داشت. بر‌اساس نتایج این پژوهش ارقام ‌استفاده‌شده پاسخ فیزیولوژیکی متفاوتی نسبت به تنش خشکی نشان دادند‌ به‌طوری‌که رقم Comin Hoja Larga توانست تنش 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی را سه هفته قبل از برداشت به‌خوبی تحمل کند. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل b (51/0 میلی‏گرم بر گرم وزن تر) در تنش شدید (50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) حاصل شد. به‌منظور تولید بیشتر میزان اسانس (75/0 درصد) تنش شدید (50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) در شرایط مشابه توصیه می‏شود.
‌

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.2008482.1394.46.3.15.8

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of drought stress on some morphological and physicochemical characteristics of three cultivars of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

Mohammad Moghadam ¹
Morteza Alirezaei Noghondar ²
Yahya Selahvarzi ³
Morteza Goldani ⁴

¹ Assistant Professor, Departement of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

² , Ph.D. Student, Departement of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

³ Instructor, Center of Pomegranate Research, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

⁴ Assistant of Prof. Departement of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

چکیده [English]

This research was conducted to assay the effect of different levels of irrigation on morphological and physicochemical characteristics of three cultivars of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 2012. The pot experiment was performedas a factorial based on randomized complete design with four replications. The factors included three commercial cultivars of basil (Comin Hoja Larga, Rubi, Genoes) and three levels of drought stress (100, 75, 50% FC). The results showed that cultivars had significant effect on plant height, dry and fresh weight and oil content. Also different levels of drought stress had significant effect on the number of branches, fresh weight and oil content. Studied cultivars showed different physiological response to drought stress. As cultivar Comin Hoja Larga could well tolerate 50% FC three weeks before harvesting time. High chlorophyll b content (0.51 mg/g fresh weight) was observed in severe stress (50% FC). In order to product maximum oil content (0.75), severe stress (50% FC) in same condition is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

morphological characteristics
physiological parameters
dry weight
Drought stress

مراجع

1. Alishah, H.M., Heidari, R., Hassani, A. & Dizaji, A.A. (2006). Effect of water stress on some morphological and biochemical characteristics of purple basil (Ocimum basilicum). Biological Sciences, 6(4), 763-767.
2. Baker, D.N. & Musgrave, R.B. (1964). The effects of low-level moisture stresses on the rate of apparent photosynthesis in corn. Crop Science, 4, 249-253.
3. Barraclough,P.B. & Kate,J. ( 2001). Effect of water stress on chlorophyll meter reading in wheat. Plant Nutrition, 92, 722-723.
4. Blumenthal, M. (2000). Role of dew on the recovery of water stressed in balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Journal of Plant Physiology, 154, 759-766.
5. Brud, W.S. (2007). Industrial uses of essential oils. In: Baser, K.H.C. and Buchbauer, G. (Eds). Handbook of Essential Oils: Science, Technology, and Applications.CRC Press. pp. 843-853.
6. Charles, D.J. & Simon, J.E. (1990). Effects of osmotic stress on the essential oil content and composition of peppermint. Phytochemistry, 29, 2837-2840.
7. Dere, S., Gunes, T. & Sivaci, R. (1998). Spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll- a, b and total carotenoids contents of some algae species using different solvents. Botany, 22, 13-17.
8. Fischer, R.A., Rees, D., Sayre, K.D., Lu, Z.M., Candon, A.G. & Saavedra, A.L. (1998). Wheat yield progress associated with higher stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, and cooler canopies. CropScience, 38, 1467-1475.
9. Fu, J., Fry, J. & Huang, B. (2004). Minimum water requirements of four turf grasses in the transition zone. Horticultural Science, 39, 1740-1744.
10. Hassani, A. & Omidbaigi, R. (2002). Effect of water stress on some morphological, physiological and metabolic characteristics of basil. Agricultural Science, 12(3), 47-99. (in Farsi)
11. Hassani, A. & Omidbaigi, R. (2006). Effect of water stress on some morphological and biochemical characteristics of purple basil (Ocimum basilicum). Biological Science, 6(4), 763-767.
12. Hedge, J.E. & Hofreiter, B.T. (1962). Carbohydrate Chemistry. Academic Press, New York. pp. 17-22.
13. Holm, Y. (1999). Bioactivity of basil. In: Holm,Y. & Hiltuen, R. (Eds.), Basil: the genus Ocimum. Hawood Academic, Amsterdam, pp. 113-135.
14. Imam, Y. & Zavarehi, M. (2005). Drought tolerance in Higher plants (Genetically, Physiological and Molecular Biological Analysis). Academic Publishing Center of Tehran, Iran. 186 pp. (in Farsi)
15. Izadi, Z., Asnaashari, M. & Ahmadvand, G. (2009). Influence of drought tension on yield, proline contents, soluble sugars, chlorophyll, relative water contents and essential oil in peppermint (Mentha piperita L). Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 10(3), 223-234. (in Farsi)
16. Lawlor, D.W. & Cornic, G. (2002). Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. Plant, Celland Environment, 25, 275-294.
17. Makari, O. & Kintzios, S. (2008). Ocimum sp. (basil): botany, cultivation, pharmaceutical properties, and biotechnology. Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 13(3), 123-150.
18. Marcum, K.B. (1998). Cell membrane theromotability and whole-plant heat tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass. Crop Science, 38, 1214-1218.
19. Mirfattah, M., Rabyii, V., Dashti, F., Mosaddeghi. M. & Darabi, M. (2009). Effect of drought tension on yield and some of the physiological indexes in two accumulations of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.). Iranian Journal of Horticultural science, 10(4), 337-344. (in Farsi).
1. Ardekani, M., Abbaszadeh, B., Sharifi ashorabadi, A., Lebaschi, M., Moaveni, P. & Mohabbati, F. (2010). Influence of drought tension on growth indices of Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Plant and Ecosystem, 6(21), 47-58. (in Farsi)
1. Gratani, L. & Varone, L. (2004). Leaf key traits of Erica arborea L., Erica multiflora L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. co-occuring in the Mediterranean maquis. Flora, 199, 58-69.
1. Jerez, E., Barroso, L. & Cartaya, O. (2004). Effects of short stress periods and mycorrhizal inoculation on the behavior of white basil (O. basilicum L.). Cultivos-Tropicales, 25(2), 29-35.
1. Loggini, B., Scartazza, A., Brugnoli, E. & Navari Izzo, F. (1999). Antioxidative defense system pigment composition and photosynthetic efficiency in two wheat cultivars subjected to Drought. Plant Physiology, 119, 1091-1100.
1. Misra, A. & Sricastatva, N.K. (2000). Influence of water stress on Japanese mint. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 7, 51-58.
2. Mizanzadeh, H. & Imam,Y. (2010). Investigation of indices of leaf area, height, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance of four species of wheat under the drought tension. Ecophysiology of Agricultural Plants, 2(2), 111-121. (in Farsi)
3. Movahhedy Dehnavy, M., Modarres Sanavy, S.A.M., Sorushzadeh,A. & Jalili, M. (2004). Changes in proline, Total Soluble Sugers, SPAD and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Winter Safflower Cultivars under Drought stress and Foliar Application of Zinc and Manganese. Iranian journal of Desert, 9 (1), 93-109 (in Farsi)
4. Ritchie, S.W., Nguyen, H.T. & Haloday, A.S. (1990). Leaf water content and gas exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop Science, 30, 105-111.
5. Safikhani, F. (2006). Investigation of physiological aspects of drought resistance in Dragonhead (Dracocephaalum moldavica L.). PhD. thesis, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Ramin Higher Education Agriculture and Natural Resources. (in Farsi)
6. Simon, J.E., Reiss-Bubenheim, D., Joly, R.J. & Charles, D.J. (1992). Water stress-induced alterations in essential oil content and composition of sweet basil. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 4(1), 71-75.
7. Siosemardeh, A., Ahmadi, A., Poustini, K. & Ebrahimzadeh, H. (2004). Stomatal and nonstomatal limitations to photosynthesis and their relationship with drought resistance in wheat cultivars. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science. 35(1), 93-106. (in Farsi)
1. Schutz, M. & Fangmeir, E. (2001). Growth and yield responses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Minaret) to elevated CO₂ and water limitation. Environmental Pollution, 114, 187-194.
1. Suppakul, P., Miltz, J., Sonneveld, K. & Bigger, S.W. (2003). Antimicrobial properties of basil and its possible application in food packaging. Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 51(11), 3197-3207.