بهره‏گیری از ورمی‏کمپوست و کوددهی پاییزه برای بهبود ویژگی‏های کیفی توتفرنگی رقم کاماروسا (Fragaria×ananassa Duch. cv. Camarosa) در کشت بدون خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

2 استادیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

3 دانشیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، پژوهشکدة ژنتیک و زیست‏فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر ورمی‏کمپوست و کوددهی پاییزه در کشت بدون خاک بر ویژگی‏های کیفی توت‏فرنگی رقم کاماروسا آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر‌پایة طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 4 زمان کوددهی شیمیایی (به کار نبردن کود، کوددهی پاییزه، بهاره و بهاره‏‌+ ‏پاییزه)، 3 سطح ورمی‏کمپوست (10، 20 و 40 درصد حجمی)، 3 سطح کود دامی (10، 20 و 40 درصد حجمی) و بستر شاهد (50 درصد پیت:50 درصد پرلیت) بودند. تعداد گلدان‏های استفاده‌شده در آزمایش 140 عدد بود. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان داد، بیشترین مواد جامد محلول ((TDS‌ به میزان 35/13 درصد و اسیدیتة قابل تیتراسیون ( (TA به میزان 54/8 درصد در بستر کشت حاوی 10 درصد کود دامی با کوددهی بهاره مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین سفتی میوه (43/0 کیلو‏گرم بر سانتی‏متر مربع) نیز در بستر کشت حاوی 10 درصد کود دامی همراه با کوددهی بهاره+ پاییزه مشاهده شد. ظرفیت آنتی‏اکسیدانی کل از طریق خاصیت خنثی‌کنندگی رادیکال آزاد DPPH ( 1و 1- دی‌فنیل 2- پیکریل هیدرازیل) تعیین شد. ظرفیت آنتی‏اکسیدانی کل در بستر 10‌ درصد ورمی‏کمپوست با کوددهی بهاره، 20 درصد کود دامی با کوددهی پاییزه و 40 درصد کود دامی و بدون کوددهی به‌ترتیب به میزان حدود 18/95، 34/95، 47/95 درصد افزایش یافت. بیشترین مقدار آنتوسیانین‏ها (84/18 میلی‏گرم بر لیتر) در بستر کشت حاوی 40 درصد ورمی‏کمپوست با کوددهی پاییزه تولید شد. یافته‏های این برررسی نشان می‏دهد که با انتخاب بستر کشت‏ و زمان کوددهی مناسب می‌توان صفات کیفی میوة توت‏فرنگی را بهبود بخشید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Using vermicompost and fall fertilization for improving quality characteristics of strawberry cv. Camarosa (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Camarosa) in soilless culture

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Bidaki 1
  • Vida Chalavi 2
  • Hemmatollah Pirdashti 3
1 Former Graduate Student, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
2 Assistant Professors, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Genetics and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan
چکیده [English]

The use of vermicompost and fall fertilization in soilless culture on strawberry cv. Camarosa quality characteristics was evaluated in a factorial based on completely randomized design pot experiment with 5 replicates. Experimental treatments were four chemical fertilization timings (no fertilizer, using fertilizer at fall, spring, fall + spring) and three levels of vermicompost (10, 20 and 40% v/v), three levels of cattle manure (10, 20 and 40% v/v) and control medium (50% peat: 50% perlite). The total number of pots in this experiment was 140. The results showed the highest total soluble solids (TDS), 13.35%, and titratable acidity, 8.54%, on growing medium containing 10% cattle manure with spring fertilization. Likewise, the highest fruit firmness (0.43 kg/cm2) was observed in growing medium containing 10% cattle manure with fall + spring fertilization. The total antioxidant activity was obtained using the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The total antioxidant capacity was increased in medium containing 10% vermicompost with spring fertilization, 20% cattle manure with fall fertilization and 40% cattle manure without fertilization (95.18, 95.34, and 95.47%), respectively. The highest anthocyanin (18.84 mg/l) was produced in growing medium containing 40% vermicompost with fall fertilization. It can be concluded that an appropriate choice of growing media and fertilization timing can alter different qualities of strawberry fruits according to production goal and type of consumption. The finding of present study showed that the selection of right growing media and fertilization timings could improve strawberry fruit quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • strawberry
  • vermicompost
  • fertilization timings
  • Manure
  • Soilless culture
  1. Abou El-Magd, M.M., El-Bassiony, A.M. & Fawzy, Z.F. )2006(. Effect of organic manure with or without chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of some varieties of broccoli plants. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2, 791–798.
  2. Ameri., A., A., Tehrani Far, Shoor. M. & Davarynejad, G. M. (2011). Effect of cultivar & growing medium on growth characteristics of Strawberry in soilless culture systems. In: Proceedings of 7th International Horticulture Congress on Isfahan University of Technology, 5 Sep., Isfahan, Iran, pp. 1904-1906. (In Farsi).
  3. Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Bierman, P., Welch, C. & Metzger., J. D. (2004). Influences of vermicompost on field strawberries: 1. Effects on growth and yields. Bioresource Technology, 93, 145–153.
  4. Atiyeh R.M., Arancon, N., Edwards, C.A. & Metzger, J.D. (2002). The influence of earthworm processed pig manure on the growth and productivity of marigolds. Bioresource Technology, 81, 103-108.
  5. Baldwin, E. A. )1983(. Citrus fruit. In: Seymour, G., Taylor, J., Tucker, G. (Ed). Biochemistry of fruit ripening. Chapman and Hall, London.
  6. Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.E. & Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity, Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und –Technologie. Food Science and Technology. 28, 25-30.
  7. Delgado, R., M. González. & Martín, P. (2006). Interaction effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on anthocyanin composition and chromatic features of Tempranillo grapes. International Journal of Wine Research, 40(3), 141-150.
  8. Dumas, Y., Dadomo, M., Di Lucca, G. & Grolier, P. )2003(. Effects of environmental factors and agricultural techniques on antioxidant content of tomatoes. Journal of Food and Agriculture Science, 83, 369–382.
  9. Emami, A. (1996). Plant analysis methods Soil and Water Research Institute. Technical publication No. 982. Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi).
  10. Fotouhi Ghazvini, R., Payvast, Gh & Azarian, H. (2007). Effect of clinoptilolitic-zeolite and perlite mixtures on the yield and quality of strawberry in soilless culture. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 9 (6), 885-888.
  11. Huber, S.C. (1985). Role of potassium in photosynthesis and respiration. PP. 369-391. In: RD. Munson (Ed), Potassium in Agriculture, ASA, CSSA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
  12. Jalili Marandi, R. (2008). Small fruit (2th ed.). Jahad Orumieh University Press. (In Farsi).
  13. Keutgen , A. & Pawelzik, E. (2007). Modifications of taste-relevant compounds in strawberry fruit under NaCl salinity. Journal of Food Chemistry, 105(4), 1487-1494.
  14. Kirschbaum, D., Larson, K., Weinbaum, S. & DeJong, M. (2009). Late-season nitrogen applications in high-latitude strawberry nurseries improve transplant production. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(7), 1001-1007.
  15. Kurumkar A. J, Mahorkar V. K, Paithankar D. H, & Warade A. D. (2005). Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on growth and seed yield of ambrette (Abelmoschus moschatus Medie). Intenational Journal on Crops, 29, 292-295.
  16. Laura Elisa, A. & Marvin. P. (2008). Carbon and Nitrogen Reserves in Perennial Strawberry Affect Plant Growth and Yield. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 133(6), 735–742.
  17. Lin, W.C. & Glass, A.D.M. (1999). The effect of NaCl addition and macronutrient concentrations on the fruit quality and flavor volatiles of greenhouse tomatoes. Acta Horticulturae, 481, 487-493.
  18. Nur Faezah, O., Siti Aishah, H., Umi Kalsom, Y., Nur, A., Puteri, E. & Umarani, S. (2012).Phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant activity andcyanogenic glycosides of organic andmineral-base fertilized cassava tubers. Molecules, 17, 2378-2387.
  19. Saidnejad. A. & Moghaddam, P. (2010). Evaluate the effect of compost, vermicompost and Cattle manure on the yield, yield components and essential oil content of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Journal of Horticultural Science, 24(2), 148-142. (In Farsi).
  20. Sharifi, M. Afyuni, M. & Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. (2010). Effect of sewage sludge, compost and cow manure on growth and yield and Fe, Zn, Mn and Ni uptake in tagetes flower. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 1(2), 43-54. (In Farsi).
  21. Singh, R., Sharma, R.R., Kumar, S., Gupta, R.K & Patil, R.T. (2008). Vermicompost substitution influences growth, physiological disorders, fruit yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Bioresource Technology, 99, 8507-8511.
  22. Tagliavini, M., Baldi, E., Lucchi, P., Antonelli, M., Sorrenti, G., Baruzzi, G. & Faedi, W. (2005). Dynamics of nutrients uptake by strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) grown in soil and soilless cultures. European Journal of Agronomy, 23, 15–25.
  23. Tejada, M., Gonzalez, J.L., Hernandez, M.T., Gracia, C. )2008(. Agricultural use of leachates obtained from two different vermicomposting processes. Bioresource Technology, 99, 6228–6232.
  24. Toor, RK, Savage, GP, Heeb A. )2006(. Influence of different types of fertilisers on the major antioxidant components of tomatoes. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19(1), 7-20.
  25. Valance, J., Deniel, F., Le Floch, G., Guerin-dubrana, L., Blancard, D. & Rey, P. (2011). Pathogenic and beneficial microorganism in soilless cultures. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, pp: 1-13.
  26. Wrolstad, R. E. )1967(. Color and pigment analysis in fruit products. Station Bull. 621. Agricultural Experiment Station. Oregon State University. Corrallis, OR, USA.