علوم باغبانی ایران

علوم باغبانی ایران

تأثیر عصاره آویشن شیرازی، کود زیستی جلبک دریایی و قارچ مایکوریزا بر صفات کمی، کیفی و پس از برداشت گوجه‌فرنگی توده محلی مارماندی (Solanum lycopersicum Marmandi landrace)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.
2 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
3 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
چکیده
ﺑﻪ‌ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ تاثیرات عصاره آویشن شیرازی (Zataria multiflora Boiss.)، کود زیستی جلبک دریایی و قارچ مایکوریزا به‌تنهایی یا به‌صورت تلفیقی با هم ﺑﺮ خصوصیات ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ، فیتوﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ، عملکرد کل و ماندگاری پس از برداشت گوجه‌فرنگی (Solanum lycopersicum) توده محلی مارماندی، اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ به‌صورت فاکتوریل ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻃﺮح بلوک‌های ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼـﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ تیمارهایی شامل عصاره آویشن شیرازی (شاهد و محلول‌پاشی 10 و 2۰%) (S0, S1, S2) و کودهای زیستی [جلبک دریایی (%۱)(A) ، قارچ مایکوریزا (50 گرم/بوته) (M)و تلفیق آنها] با 12 تیمار و سه تکرار در شرایط مزرعه اﺟﺮا ﺷـﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد که تمامی تیمارهای به‌کار رفته باعث بهبود صفات کمی و کیفی مورد مطالعه شدند. دراین‌بین تیمار S1+A+M توانست عملکرد تک بوته را 11/82%، محتوای کلروفیل کل را 285%، کاروتنوئید را 13/449%، آنتوسیانین را 48/48%، فنول کل را 39/87%، فلاونوئید را 13/9%، فعالیت آنزیم فنیل‌آلانین‌آمونیالیاز (PAL) را 54/20%، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی را 44/210%، عناصر پتاسیم 03/123% و کلسیم را 69/425%، کمترین کاهش وزن میوه را 56/67%، ویتامین C را 06/31% و لیکوپن را 03/220% نسبت به شاهد افزایش دهد. در بین تمامی تیمارها در صفت مربوط به عملکرد تک بوته و همچنین صفات پس از برداشت و ارزش تغذیه‌ای میوه (لیکوپن، ویتامین C و کمترین درصد کاهش وزن) که از اهداف اصلی پژوهش حاضر بودند، بهترین نتایج توسط تیمار S1+A+M به دست آمدند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Extract, Seaweed Biofertilizer, and Mycorrhizal Fungus on Quantitative, Qualitative, and Postharvest Traits of Solanum lycopersicum Marmandi Landrace

نویسندگان English

Farzad Lotfizad 1
Majid Bagnazari 2
Meisam Mohammadi 1
Afsaneh Azizi 3
1 Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
2 Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
3 Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده English

To investigate the effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss. extract, seaweed biofertilizer, and mycorrhizal fungus, alone or in combination, on the morphophysiological, phytochemical, total yield, and shelf-life traits of Solanum lycopersicum Marmandi landrace, this research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three replications under field conditions. The experimental treatments included Z. multiflora extract [(control, 10, and 20%) (S0, S1, S2)] and biofertilizers [control, seaweed (1%) (A), and mycorrhizal fungus (50 g/plant) (M)] and their combinations. The results showed that the applied treatments improved the quantitative and qualitative traits studied. The use of the S1+A+M treatment increased single fruit weight by 289.22%, total fruit yield by 357.05%, total chlorophyll content by 285%, carotenoid content by 449.13%, anthocyanin content by 48.48%, total phenol content by 87.39%, flavonoid content by 9.13%, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity by 20.54%, antioxidant activity by 210.44%, potassium content by 123.03%, and calcium content by 425.69%, while reducing fruit weight loss by 67.56% compared with the control. Vitamin C content increased by 31.06% and lycopene content by 220.03% compared with the control. Among all treatments, the best results for the traits related to total yield (single fruit weight and the highest yield) and postharvest traits and nutritional value (lycopene, vitamin C, and the lowest percentage of weight loss), which were the main objectives of the present study, were obtained with the S1+A+M treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Biofertilizer
Postharvest shelf life
Seaweed
Solanum lycopersicum
Zataria multiflora

Extended Abstract

Background and Objectives

Solanum lycopersicum is one of the flowering plants of the Solanaceae family. At the time of harvest, its freshness, high moisture content, and production of high amounts of ethylene result in a limited postharvest shelf life, and about 30% of the products produced in the world are wasted at different stages after harvesting. In recent years, the use of biofertilizers and plant extracts to increase yield, extend postharvest shelf life, and maintain the quality and health of agricultural products has been increasing. Considering the importance of essential oils and extracts of medicinal plants in postharvest physiology, as well as the significance of biofertilizers in increasing plant yield and their role in producing healthy food and preserving the environment, the present study investigated the effect of Z. multiflora hydroalcoholic extract, along with seaweed biofertilizers and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, on the morphological, phytochemical, yield, and postharvest shelf-life traits of Solanum lycopersicum.

 

Materials and Methods

This research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three replications under field conditions in the research field of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, Ilam University. The experimental treatments included Z. multiflora extract [(control and foliar spraying at two levels of 10 and 20%) (S0, S1, S2)] and biofertilizers [control, seaweed fertilizer (1%) (A), and mycorrhizal fungus fertilizer (50 g/plant) (M)] and their combinations. In this study, shoot- and leaf-related traits, including stem diameter, number of lateral branches, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin contents, total phenol and flavonoid contents, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, and antioxidant activity by the DPPH method, as well as fruit-related traits, including single fruit weight, total yield, salicylic acid content, postharvest shelf life, tissue firmness, fruit weight loss, soluble solids, titratable acidity, CAT and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activities, vitamin C, and lycopene, were investigated. The test data were statistically analyzed using SAS 9.1 statistical software, and the LSD test was used to compare the differences between means at the 5% probability level. The results were presented in the form of tables and graphs using Excel software.

 

Results and Discussion

Application of the S2 treatment increased the number of lateral branches by 12.16%, catalase enzyme activity by 13.29%, and iron content by 290.32% compared with the control. The use of the S1+A+M treatment increased single fruit weight by 289.22%, total fruit yield by 357.05%, total chlorophyll content by 285%, carotenoid content by 449.13%, anthocyanin content by 48.48%, total phenol content by 87.39%, flavonoid content by 9.13%, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity by 20.54%, antioxidant activity by 210.44%, potassium content by 123.03%, and calcium content by 425.69%, while reducing fruit weight loss by 67.56% compared with the control. Vitamin C content increased by 31.06% and lycopene content by 220.03% compared with the control. The S2+A treatment also increased salicylic acid content by 368.23% and fruit postharvest shelf life by 53.18% compared with the control. The A+M treatment increased nitrogen content by 23.68%, phosphorus content by 196%, titratable acidity by 121.25%, and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity by 270.25%. In the A treatment, zinc content increased by 113.86% compared with the control. In the S1 treatment, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activity in the fruit decreased by 96.03% compared with the control.

 

Conclusion

The results indicated that the applied treatments effectively enhanced the morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics of the plant, thereby increasing the postharvest shelf life and nutritional value of its fruit. Among all treatments, the traits associated with total yield (single fruit weight and the highest yield) and postharvest traits and nutritional value (lycopene, vitamin C, and the lowest percentage of weight loss), which were the primary objectives of this study, showed the best results with the S1+A+M treatment. Currently, the use of low-risk, environmentally friendly biostimulants to enhance the yield, quality, and postharvest shelf life of horticultural products has received increasing attention from researchers. This study demonstrated that the biological potential of the Z. multiflora medicinal plant extract, combined with seaweed and mycorrhizal fungi biofertilizers, can provide a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy for producers to increase yield and significantly improve consumer acceptance by extending shelf life and enhancing postharvest characteristics.

 

Author Contributions

All authors contributed equally to the development of this manuscript from the initial draft to the final submitted version, including all subsequent revisions. 

 

Data Availability Statement

Data available on request from the authors.

 

Acknowledgements 

We extend our gratitude to the Research and Technology Vice-Chancellor of Ilam University for providing the necessary equipment and laboratory support.

Ethical considerations 

The authors avoided data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct.

 

Conflict of interest 

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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دوره 56، شماره 3
پاییز 1404
صفحه 509-537

  • تاریخ دریافت 03 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 08 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 05 مرداد 1404