مطالعه واکنش دفاعی برخی از ارقام انگور (Vitis vinifera L.) به تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

10.22059/ijhs.2023.352980.2078

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی برخی مکانیسم‌های تدافعی انگور تحت تنش خشکی، در 7 رقم ایرانی، شامل چفته، سبز انگور، سیاه انگور، عسگری، قلاتی، کج انگور و یک رقم خارجی سوپریور با درجات متفاوت تحمل به خشکی، اجرا شد. آزمایش بصورت گلدانی و بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دوسطح آبیاری خشکی و شاهد در سه تکرار برای هر رقم انجام شد و نتایج با آزمون تی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. ابتدا در یک آزمایش مقدماتی خشکی تدریجی و خشکی یکباره روی رقم عسگری (رقم شاخص منطقه) مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. نتایج نشان داد که خشکی تدریجی باعث کاهش محتوای نشاسته، محتوای نسبی آب و پتانسیل آب (wᴪ) برگ شده، در حالی‌که محتوای ساکاروز، فروکتوز، پرولین و آنتی­اکسیدانت کل را افزایش می‌دهد، به‌طوری‌که محتوای پرولین برگ از 16 به 34 و محتوای ساکاروز برگ از 18 به 70 میکرو مول بر گرم وزن تر افزایش معنی­دار داشتند. با توجه به نتایج، آزمایش بصورت تنش تدریجی روی ارقام مورد مطالعه انجام شد. ارقام مختلف، تحت تنش خشکی الگوی متنوعی از تغییرات پرولین و نسبت قند محلول به نشاسته نشان دادند، در ارقام ’سبز انگور‛، کج انگور، قلاتی و سیاه انگور تفاوت معنی­داری در محتوای پرولین بین شاهد و خشکی مشاهده گردید، در سیاه انگور، محتوای پرولین از 15 به حدود 50 میکرو مول بر گرم وزن تر افزایش معنی­دار داشت. در رقم چفته همزمان با افزایش نسبت قند محلول به نشاسته، بیان ژن ساکاروز فسفات سنتتاز (ژن کلیدی بیوسنتز ساکاروز) نیز افزایش یافت. این نتایج نقش متابولیسم آنتی‌اکسیدانت‌ها، پرولین و قندهای محلول خصوصاً ساکاروز و کنترل ژنتیکی آن را در واکنش دفاعی انگور به خشکی اثبات می­کند که احتمالاً در ارقام انگور متحمل به خشکی قوی­تر عمل می­کنند. ارقام چفته، سیاه انگور، سبز انگور، ، قلاتی و کج انگور تحمل نسبتاً بالاتری به خشکی نشان دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The study of defensive responses to drought stress in some grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)

نویسنده [English]

  • Farzaneh RAZAVI
Horticultural Science Research Institute (HSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Shahrekord, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This study, aimed to investigate the defensive mechanisms of grape tress under water stress in 7 Iranian grape cultivars, including: 'Rajabi', 'Chafteh', 'Sabzangoor', 'Siahangoor' ('Sorkhak'), 'Asgari', 'Ghalati', 'Kajangor' and one foreign cultivar named 'Superior'. A pot experiment was performed based on a complete randomized design with two level of irrigation, including control and drought, in tree replication, and data were analyzed by t- test. In a preliminary experiment, both sudden and gradual droughts were applied on 'asgari', a local prominent cultivar. The gradual drought caused a decrease in leaf relative water content, starch and water potential content and an increase in the contents of sucrose, fructose, proline and total antioxidants, so that proline content increased significantly from 16 to 34 µmolg100-1gFWand and sucrose content from 18 to 70 µmolg100-1gFW. Based on these results the experiment was continued by gradual drought method. Cultivars, in response to drought stress, showed variation in proline content and the ratio of soluble carbohydrat to starch content. A great difference was observed in proline content between control and drought treatments in 'Siahangoor', 'Sabzangoor', 'Kajangoor', and 'Ghalati' cultivars, so that in 'Siahangoor' the proline content was significantly increased from 15 to 50 µmolg100-1gFW. Chafteh as a drought-tolerant cultivar, showed a significant increase in the soluble sugar/starch content, along with an increase in the expression level of SPS (Sucrose Phosphate Synthesis) gene, under drought stress. These results verify the role of antioxidants, proline and sucros metabolisms especially the genetic role of the later in defensive responses of grape under drought stress, which likely act stronger in drough -tolerant grape cultivars.
In overall, 'Siahangoor', 'Sabzangoor', 'Kajangoor', 'Ghalati' and 'Chafteh' showed relatively higher tolerance to dronught compared to other cultivars.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Defensive mechanism
  • Drought signalling
  • Drought tolerance
  • Grapevine
  • Water shortage

Extended Abstract

Introduction

    Recently, global climate changes accompanied by water shortage are prominent challenges in agricultural sectors in worldwide and Iran. food is mostly produced in areas with limited rainfall during growing season or in lands with limited stored moisture soils. The identification, selection and development of drought tolerant lines and cultivars are crucial steps to prevent negative drought effects on production of fruits like grape (Vitis vinifera L.). So, fruit trees breeding programs should be focused on release of genotypes with the potential of drought tolerance and rain-fed products. To attain this point, biological mechanisms in response to drought stress should be understood. This study presented useful and informative tools for identifying drought-tolerant grape lines and cultivars.  

Material and Methods

    A pot experiment was performed based on a completely randomized design (CRD) to investigate and compare the effect of drought stress on 8 selected grape cultivars, including 'Rajabi', 'Chafteh', 'Sabzangoor', 'Siahangoor', 'Sorkhak', 'Asgari', 'Ghalati‘, 'Kajangor' and 'Superior'. Two levels of irrigation, including control (100% FC) and drought (20% FC), were applied, in three replications, and data were analyzed by t- test for each cultivar. In a preliminary experiment, both sudden and gradual droughts were applied on 'asgari', a prominent local cultivar, and based on the results, the experiment was continued by gradual method. 

Results and Discussion    

’Asgari‘, as an index cultivar showed that under gradual drought stress, from 10th to 30th days after water stress settlement, leaf water potential was significantly decreased. There was also a significant difference in starch, fructose, sucrose and proline content between the control and drought-stressed plants. Drought stress resulted in a decrease in leaf water potential and starch content, whereas an increase in sucrose and proline content and total antioxidant capacity were observed. A significant increase was also occurred in leaf sucrose content under drought stress compared to control. Under severe water shortage i.e., 30 days after drought settlement (the end point of the gradual drought period), a significant increase was occurred in total antioxidant content in 'Asgari'. Besides, a great difference in proline content was observed between control and drought in 'Siahangoor', 'Sabzangoor', 'Kajangoor', and 'Ghalati'. Likewise, the ratio of soluble sugar to stored sugar (starch) was variable between different grape cultivars under the drought stress. Gene expression analysis of SPS (Sucrose Phosphate Synthesis) under drought stress showed an increase in 'Chafteh', as a drought-tolerant cultivar.  

Conclusion

    Taking together, grape response to drought stress can be considered as a genetic-dependent phenotype that is different among cultivars. Results also indicate proline and sugar metabolisms are critically involved in key grape’s defensive responses to drought stress. It can be concluded that drought-tolerant cultivars might have stronger and faster sugar and proline responses under drought stress compared to the sensitive ones, or such strong defensive mechanisms may not exist in sensitive grape cultivars.

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 55، شماره 4
دی 1403
صفحه 613-637

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 07 دی 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 01 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 آذر 1402

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