تأثیر تلفیق ورمی‌کمپوست با نیتروژن، گوگرد و منگنز بر محصول میوه، برخی صفات زراعی و کارایی مصرف آب خیار در شرایط گلخانه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

برای بررسی تأثیر ورمی‌کمپوست، نیتروژن، گوگرد و منگنز بر محصول میوه، برخی صفات زراعی و کارایی مصرف آب در خیار (Cucumis sativus L.)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 16 تیمار و 3 تکرار در شرایط گلخانه‌ای انجام شد. تیمارها شامل Control: شاهد، N: مصرف 150 میلی‌گرم نیتروژن بر کیلوگرم خاک از منبع اوره، Mn: مصرف 13 میلی‌گرم منگنز بر کیلوگرم خاک از منبع منگنز سولفات،  :S مصرف 500 میلی‌گرم گوگرد عنصری بر کیلوگرم خاک، N+Mn، N+S،، Mn+S، Mn+N+S، VC: مصرف 30 گرم ورمی‌کمپوست بر کیلوگرم خاک، VC+N، VC+Mn، VC+S، VC+N+S، VC+S+Mn، VC+N+Mn و VC+N+Mn+S بودند. در این پژوهش، صفاتی نظیر وزن تر و خشک میوه، حجم میوه، طول میوه، قطر میوه، وزن تر و خشک شاخساره و ریشه، ارتفاع بوته، محصول زیستی، تعداد برگ و کارایی مصرف آب اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که مصرف کودهای اوره و منگنز سولفات در خاک، ماده خشک شاخساره، ارتفاع بوته، قطر میوه و طول میوه خیار را به‌طور معنادار افزایش داد اما بر سایر صفات مورد مطالعه معنادار نبود. مصرف گوگرد عنصری در خاک، ارتفاع بوته، قطر و طول میوه خیار را به‌طور معنادار افزایش داد اما بر سایر صفات مورد مطالعه معنادار نبود. مصرف ورمی‌کمپوست وزن تر و خشک میوه، طول میوه، قطر میوه، حجم میوه، تعداد میوه، تعداد برگ، ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر و خشک شاخساره، محصول زیستی و کارایی مصرف آب را به‌طور معنادار افزایش داد. بیشترین مقدار تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه در تیمار تلفیقی VC+N+Mn+S مشاهده شد. به‌طور کلی، برای افزایش عملکرد و کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی، مصرف تلفیقی ورمی‌کمپوست و کودهای شیمیایی اوره، منگنز سولفات و گوگرد عنصری در شرایط مشابه توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect Of Vermicompost Integration With Nitrogen, Sulfur, And Manganese On Fruit Yield, Some Agronomic Traits, And Water Use Efficiency Of Cucumber Under Greenhouse Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nosratollah Najafi
  • Hakimeh Hajilou
  • Mohammad Reza Sarikhani
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

To investigate effects of vermicompost (VC), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and manganese (Mn) on fruit yield, some agronomic traits, and water use efficiency (WUE) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), an experiment was conducted on the basis of a completely randomized design with 16 treatments and 3 replications under greenhouse conditions. The treatments included control, N: using 150 mg N/kg soil as urea, Mn: using 13 mg Mn/kg soil as MnSO4.2H2O, S: using 500 mg elemental S/kg soil, N+Mn, N+S, S+Mn, N+S+Mn, VC: using 30 g VC/kg soil, VC+N, VC+Mn, VC+S, VC+N+S, VC+N+Mn, VC+S+Mn, and VC+N+S+Mn. In this research, traites such as fresh and dry weights of fruit, fruit volume, fruit length, fruit diameter, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root, plant height, biological yield, number of leaves, and WUE were measured. The results showed that applications of urea and manganese sulfate fertilizers in soil significantly increased shoot dry matter, plant height, fruit diameter, and fruit length of cucumber, but did not have significant effects on other studied characteristics. Application of S in soil significantly increased plant height, fruit diameter and length of cucumber, but did not have significant effect on other studied characteristics. Application of VC significantly increased fresh and dry weights of fruit, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit volume, number of fruits, number of leaves, plant height, fresh and dry weights of shoot, biological yield, and WUE. The highest values of all studied traits were observed in the integrated treatment of VC+N+Mn+S. In general, in order to increase yield of cucumber and reduce using chemical fertilizers, integrated application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers of urea, manganese sulfate, and elemental sulfur could be recommended in similar conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemical fertilizer
  • Compost
  • Integrated plant nutrition management
  • Organic fertilizer
  • Urea

Extended Abstract

Introduction

    Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the most popular vegetables in the world, which is widely cultivated and used as fruit, salads, and in different foods in Iran. The quality and yield of cucumber fruit could be improved by application of organic and chemical fertilizers. Organic fertilizers alone cannot provide all nutrients needed for crops because the rate of nutrients release in organic fertilizers is slow and time-consuming. Chemical fertilizers can provide all nutrients needed by crops, but their inappropriate using may pollute environment, increase production cost, and decrease the quality of agricultural products. So, combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers is recommended in integrated plant nutrition management system. This system not only improves chemical, biological, and physical characteristics of soil, but also reduces negative effects of chemical fertilizers. So, this research was conducted to investigate effects of integrated application of vermicompost (VC), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and manganese (Mn) on fruit yield, some agronomic traits, and water use efficiency (WUE) of cucumber plant.

 

Material and Methods

   The experiment was conducted on the basis of a completely randomized design with 16 treatments and 3 replications under greenhouse conditions. The treatments included control, N: using 150 mg N/kg soil as urea, Mn: using 13 mg Mn/kg soil as MnSO4.2H2O, S: using 500 mg elemental S/kg soil, N+Mn, N+S, S+Mn, N+S+Mn, VC: using 30 g VC/kg soil, VC+N, VC+Mn, VC+S, VC+N+S, VC+N+Mn, VC+S+Mn, and VC+N+S+Mn. The seeds of cucumber plant cv. Nagene were cultivated in plastic pots containing 9 kg sandy loam calcareous soil. During the plant growth period, fresh and dry weights of fruit, fruit volume, fruit length, fruit diameter, amount of water used, and at the end of growth period, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root, plant height, biological yield, number of leaves, and WUE were measured.

 

Results and discussion

    The results showed that applications of urea and manganese sulfate fertilizers in soil significantly increased shoot dry matter, plant height, fruit diameter, and fruit length of cucumber, but did not have significant effects on other studied characteristics. Application of elemental sulfur in soil significantly increased plant height, fruit diameter, and fruit length of cucumber, but did not have significant effect on other studied characteristics. Application of vermicompost significantly increased fresh and dry weights of fruit, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit volume, number of fruits, number of leaves, plant height, fresh and dry weights of shoot, biological yield, and WUE of cucumber plant. The highest values of all studied traits were observed in the integrated treatment of VC+N+Mn+S.

 

Conclusion

     In terms of dry matters of fruit and shoot, there was a synergistic effect between nitrogen-sulfur, nitrogen-manganese, and nitrogen-vermicompost, which indicates the superiority of integrated treatments. The combination of chemical fertilizers (nitrogen, sulfur, and manganese) with vermicompost as a method of integrated management of soil fertility and plant nutrition, increased the growth of plant root and shoot, and inproved the fruit characteristics, and the water use efficiency of cucumber plants. In general, in order to increase yield of cucumber and reduce using chemical fertilizers, vermicompost integration with chemical fertilizers (as urea, manganese sulfate, and elemental sulfur) could be recommended in similar conditions. Considering that this research was conducted in greenhouse conditions, the results may be different from field conditions. Therefore, it is suggested to conduct this research in field conditions as well. Also, it is suggested to investigate the residual effects of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers such as sulfur and manganese on the growth, yield, and water use efficiency of subsequent plants that are cultivated in rotation.

 

Author Contributions

Nosratollah Najafi: Writing – review & editing the research proposal and manuscript for this publication, supervision, validation, and project administration. Hakimeh Hajilou: Made a major contribution to the proposal and the experimental work, Investigation and data collection, validation, formal analysis. Mohammad Reza Sarikhani: Writing – review & editing the research proposal and manuscript for this publication.

 

Data Availability Statement

  The authors declare that all the data supporting the findings of this research are available within the article.

 

Acknowledgment

   This paper is published as a part of a M.Sc. Thesis supported by the Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology of the University of Tabriz, Iran. The authors are thankful to the University of Tabriz for financial supports.

 

Ethical considerations

   This article does not contain any studies involving human and animal subjects.

 

Conflict of interest

   The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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