Esmail Jadidi; Mahmood Ghasemnezhad; Maryam Tatari; hamid Reza Salemi
Abstract
In this study, the effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 ds/m) on growth characteristics and leaves sodium and chlorine content of eight pomegranate cultivars (Malas Saveh, Malas Esfahan, Rabab Qermez Shiraz, Gabry Yazd, Gabry Torosh Yazd, Zaq Sefid Yazd, Zaq Torsh ...
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In this study, the effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 ds/m) on growth characteristics and leaves sodium and chlorine content of eight pomegranate cultivars (Malas Saveh, Malas Esfahan, Rabab Qermez Shiraz, Gabry Yazd, Gabry Torosh Yazd, Zaq Sefid Yazd, Zaq Torsh Yazd and Malas Toq Peshva) was investigated. The experiment was carried out as a factorial based on randomized block designs with three replications. At the end of study, growth characteristics and leaves sodium and chlorine content were determined. With increasing salinity, plant height and diameter, branches number and leaf chlorophyll index were decreased, but the leave necrosis and chlorine and sodium concentration were increased. Shoots fresh and dry weight were increased slightly when salinity increased up to 3 dS/m and thereafter decreased.. The lowest leaf abscission was found in Zaqe Sefid Yazd and Gabry Yazd when treated with 6 and 12 dS/m. At 12 dS/m, the lowest leaf necrosis was found in Malas Esfahan, but at 6 dS/m, Zaq Sefid Yazd and Malas Esfahan showed the lowest decreasing percent respectively. At 9 and 12 dS/m Malas Saveh and Rabab Qermaz Shiraz showed the highest leave necrosis as compared to the control. In salinity of 6 and 12 dS/m, the Gabry Torosh Yazd and Malas Esfahan cultivars showed the lowest decreasing in chlorophyll leaf index respectively. The lowest chlorine and sodium accumulation at 12 dS/m was observed in Malas Toq Pishva and Zaq Sefid Yazd cultivars.
Marjan Ashori; Mahmood Ghasemnezhad; Mohammad Hassan Bigouei
Abstract
In this study, the effect of different post-veraison deficit irrigation treatments on yield and berry quality of grape cvs. ‘Keshmeshi’ and ‘Sahebi was evaluated in a split plot experiment with a randomized complete block design. The treatments were control, irrigated at 100% of crop ...
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In this study, the effect of different post-veraison deficit irrigation treatments on yield and berry quality of grape cvs. ‘Keshmeshi’ and ‘Sahebi was evaluated in a split plot experiment with a randomized complete block design. The treatments were control, irrigated at 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and deficit irrigation at 80, 60 and 40% of control during post-veraison till harvesting. Results showed that no significant difference was found between control and 80 deficit irrigation for berry yield, mean berries and cluster weight, but deficit irrigation at 60 and 40 % decreased berry yield up to 22 and 37%, respectively as compared to control. The deficit irrigation at 40% increased TSS in Keshmeshi, but in Sahebi cultivar, deficit irrigation resulted to decrease TSS. Furthermore, deficit irrigation also decreased TSS to TA ratio. The highest phenolic content, which found in Keshmeshi and Sahebi cultivars at 80% deficit irrigation was 60 and 40% more than control. The antioxidant activity of Keshmeshi and Sahebi cultivars was increased 45 and 34% as compared to control with 80 and 40% deficit irrigation. Deficit irrigation at 80% of control could save water up to 20%, without reducing water use efficiency. In general, 80% deficit irrigation might be sufficient to maintain yield potential of Keshmeshi and Sahebi cultivars, without significant loss in grape quality.
Roya Nezamivand Chegini; Mahmood Ghasemnezhad; Mohammad Hassan Biglouei
Abstract
In this study, effect of deficit irrigation from olive fruit set to ripening stage was investigated. Treatments were control (100ETc), the first one regulated deficit irrigation (RDI1); 100% ETc from fruit set to beginning of fruit ripening and 50% ETc after that to harvesting, the second one regulated ...
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In this study, effect of deficit irrigation from olive fruit set to ripening stage was investigated. Treatments were control (100ETc), the first one regulated deficit irrigation (RDI1); 100% ETc from fruit set to beginning of fruit ripening and 50% ETc after that to harvesting, the second one regulated deficit irrigation (RDI2); 100% ETc from fruit set to pit hardening and 50% ETc thereafter to harvest, the third one (RDI3); 100% ETc during fruit set to the pit hardening and the beginning of ripening to harvest and 50% ETc at pit hardening, and no irrigation (rainfed). Fruit and oil yield and oil quality characteristics were evaluated. Results showed that the highest yield of fruit (30.41 kg per tree) and olive oil (5.86 kg in dry weight), the least peroxide value (8.33 meq O2/kg) andK270 (0.164), alsothe highest water use efficiency for fruit and oil production (24.24 and 64.4 kg/m3 , respectively) were in RDI3. The least yield of fruit (8.96 kg per tree) and oil (18.1 kg dry weight) and the highest peroxide value (23 meq O2/kg) was observed in rainfed. Overall, results showed that RDI during fruit pit hardening could increase water use efficiency, whitout reducing fruit yield, quality and oil percentage.
Fruit Science
Yaser Khandani; Reza Fotouhi Ghazvani; Mahmoud Ghasemnezhad; Mohamad Reza Khaledian
Abstract
About 75 percent of Iran`s land is arid and semi-arid. Hence, the use of high-efficiency irrigation methods in agriculture will be important. In order to study the effects of both regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and super absorbent (SA) on the storage quality of Japanese plum fruits (Prunus salicina ...
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About 75 percent of Iran`s land is arid and semi-arid. Hence, the use of high-efficiency irrigation methods in agriculture will be important. In order to study the effects of both regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and super absorbent (SA) on the storage quality of Japanese plum fruits (Prunus salicina cv. Santarosa), an experiment was conducted under factorial design with three replicates. Plum trees from the pit-hardening period (seven weeks after full bloom) were exposed to RDI treatments; 100%, 75% and 50% of seasonal crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and four super absorbent treatments including 0, 100, 200 and 300 g (per tree). Harvested fruits at the ripening stage were stored at 4ᵒC in 80% relative humidity for one month, then, some quality characteristics of fruits were evaluated. The firmness of fruits tissues and total flavonoids in RDI treated plants was higher than the control fruits. However, RDI levels and different concentrations of super absorbents did not show significant effects on the TA, SSC and SSC/TA when compared to controls. The interaction of treatments increased fruit juice, total phenol and antioxidant capacity significantly. Fruit juice decreased by RDI and increased due to SA, and while total phenol and antioxidant capacity of fruit under RDI was considerable, SA application could reduce both traits significantly.
Fruit Science
Samaneh Raheb; Mahmood Ghasemnezhad; Behroz Golain; Morteza Golmohammadi; Atefeh Sabori
Abstract
Limes have been consumed as fresh fruits and processing products, due to high quality and acidity in fruit juice. In recent years, the incidence of Witches Broom disease resulted in destroy of thousands Limes trees in the south of Iran. The best method for controlling this disease is planting tolerant ...
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Limes have been consumed as fresh fruits and processing products, due to high quality and acidity in fruit juice. In recent years, the incidence of Witches Broom disease resulted in destroy of thousands Limes trees in the south of Iran. The best method for controlling this disease is planting tolerant genotypes. Therefore, in this study, genetic diversity of 33 different lime genotypes which didn’t showed Witches Broom disease in the field and preliminary test, with 10 commercial citrus cultivars as a control was evaluated by 17 pair primers of SSR and 11 primers of ISSR. According to results with Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers, the highest Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) were observed in TAA1 and TC26 with 0.72 and 0.68, respectively and by using ISSR markers were in ISSR1, 809 and 810 with 0.49 which was identified as a the most appropriate distinguishing markers. Results showed that there were differences between Limes and other types of citrus based on kind of studied markers. On the other hand, all of Lime genotypes had high affinity with Mexican Lime and Persian Lime and grouped in a cluster. Therefore, most of acid limes in south of Iran belonged to Limes group.
Ornamental plant science
Mehrdad Rasouli; Abdollah Hatamzadeh; Mahmood Ghasemnezhad; Habibollah Samizadeh Lahiji
Abstract
Plant growth regulators can improve plant growth under environmental stress conditions. Effect of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) on growth response, soluble sugars content (SSc), proline and ion regulation were investigated in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) under salinity stress. The four salinity ...
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Plant growth regulators can improve plant growth under environmental stress conditions. Effect of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) on growth response, soluble sugars content (SSc), proline and ion regulation were investigated in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) under salinity stress. The four salinity levels were applied at rte of control, 5, 10, and 15 dS/m with NaCl and TE treatments were applied with a hand sprayer on three times, biweekly at rate of 0, 60, 120, and 240 mg/100 m-2. Salinity, significantly increased SSc, proline content, leaf and root Na+, leaf K+, leaf Na/K and root Na/K rates but root K+, root length density and relative water content (RWC) decreased. Also, Foliar application of TE increased RWC, root length density, SSc, proline, leaf and root Na+ and K+ concentration, leaf and root Na/K rates. The results indicate that taking up more of the K+, maintaining a high K+ concentration in the leaves and reducing the Na+ being transferred from the roots to the shoots could be the mechanisms for Na+ and K+ regulation for salinity tolerance in creeping bentgrass.
Ornamental plant science
Kamal Gholamipour Fard; Hedayat Zakizadeh; Mahmood Ghasemnezhad; Mohsen Kafi; Farhad Rejali
Abstract
Cultivation of appropriate cover plants could be important on managing polluted soil and water with heavy metals. In the present study, effects of two mycorrhizae species (Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae) on lead accumulation, improving growth parameters and enzymatic antioxidant system of four ...
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Cultivation of appropriate cover plants could be important on managing polluted soil and water with heavy metals. In the present study, effects of two mycorrhizae species (Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae) on lead accumulation, improving growth parameters and enzymatic antioxidant system of four cool-season turfgrass species, Festuca aurandiance, Festuca ovina, Lolium perenne, and Agropyron elongatum were investigated.Mycorrhizae inoculated plants were treated with different lead concentrations (0, 2000 and 3000 µM). Results showed that mycorrhizae fungus, especially G. intraradices has potential to colonizing with roots of different turfgrass species under lead polluted soil. The highest colonization percentage was found with Agropyron elongatum species. Mycorrhizae fungi led to an increase in root and shoot dry weight and Pb uptake at all studied turfgrass species. The maximum Pb uptake was found in Festuca aurandiance whichinoculated by G. intraradices. Furthermore, mycorrhizae fungi could suppress increasing of leaf H2O2 andmalondialdehyde when exposed to lead stress and increased antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in all turfgrass species. Overall, mycorrhizae could increase lead accumulation by enhancing enzymatic antioxidant system and improving turfgrass growth without observing any damage symptoms.
Fruit Science
Mahshid Dorianizadeh; Mahmood Ghasemnezhad; Atefeh Sabouri
Abstract
Incomplete apple fruit skin pigmentation could be one of the main causes of decreasing marketability in red cultivars. In this study, the correlation between total anthocyanin and fruit skin color parameters with mineral nutrient content and ratios in 20 commercial apple orchards growing cv. red delicious ...
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Incomplete apple fruit skin pigmentation could be one of the main causes of decreasing marketability in red cultivars. In this study, the correlation between total anthocyanin and fruit skin color parameters with mineral nutrient content and ratios in 20 commercial apple orchards growing cv. red delicious was investigated. At each orchard, fruits were harvested at commercial maturity stage and categorized into three groups with 20 fruits, according to dark red, medium and light red color. Fruit peel colors parameters such as hue (°h), lightness (L*), chroma (C), green-red (a*), blue-yellow (b*) and total anthocyanin, and nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents and mineral nutrient ratios were measured. Results showed that there were a negative correlation between anthocyanin with L*, h°, b* and C* and a positive correlation with a*. Furthermore, a negative significant correlation was found between fruit nitrogen content with anthocyanin and a* and a positive significant correlation with L* and h°. A negative correlation was observed between fruit calcium content with L* and magnesium content with anthocyanin. Furthermore, a positive significant correlation was found between N+K/Ca with L*, h° and b*, but a negative correlation between Mg/Ca with total anthocyanin and a* and a positive significant correlation with L*, h° and b* value. There was a negative significant correlation between N/Ca with anthocyanin and a* and a positive correlation was observed with L*, h° and b* value. Overall, results showed besides climate condition, optimum tree fertilization especially nitrogen and calcium can be important on apple fruit cv. Red Delicious pigmentation.
Hossein Meighani; Mahmood Ghasemnezhad; Maisam Ahmadi
Abstract
In recent years, demand for organic products because of their high nutritional value and healthier is rapidly increasing. In this research, the effects of organic, integrated and conventional garden management systems investigated on storage life and postharvest quality of pomegranate fruit cv. Rabbab ...
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In recent years, demand for organic products because of their high nutritional value and healthier is rapidly increasing. In this research, the effects of organic, integrated and conventional garden management systems investigated on storage life and postharvest quality of pomegranate fruit cv. Rabbab -e-Shiraz at 5°C for 90 days. Characteristics such as weight loss, quality and biochemical parameters were analyzed at harvest, 45 and 90 days after storage. Results showed that the weight loss in organic fruits were significantly lower than conventional and integrated management system during storage. Total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) content in fruits of conventional management system was higher and ratio of TSS/TA was lower than organic fruits. The highest TSS/TA ratio of pomegranate fruits was obtained from integrated management system. While, total phenolics and flavonoids content of organic fruits were higher at harvest and during storage, they were decreased in all fruits during storage time. Also, total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity was higher in organic fruits, but contrary to phenolic compounds, anthocyanins content increased during storage. Overall, organic fruits showed higher nutritional value and more storage life.
Fruit Science
Azam Seyedi; Mahmood Ghasemnezhad; Yousef Hamidoghli
Abstract
Olive mill solid waste is enriched from organic matter and mineral nutrient elements, which can be used after compostation for inproving soil fertility and solve its disposal problem. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was carried out during 2013 to 2015 in Manjil region. The treaments were different ...
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Olive mill solid waste is enriched from organic matter and mineral nutrient elements, which can be used after compostation for inproving soil fertility and solve its disposal problem. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was carried out during 2013 to 2015 in Manjil region. The treaments were different levels of composted olive mill solid (12, 24 and 36 kg per tree and followed by 15 kg per tree rotted sheep manure as a control) which used on two oilve cvs Zard and Roughany. The results showed that there was no significant difference for oil percent between control and different level of compost after first year, but on the second year, olive tree treated with 36 kg compost showed significantly 5.71 oil percent more than other treatments. There was no significant difference between different leveles of compost and control for oil free fatty acids and absorption in the ultraviolet wavelengths (K232 and K270) over two years. In the second year, the trees that had been treated by 24 and 36 kg of compost, had a better oil quality form which peroxide value was less as compered to other treatmentes. On the second year, oil quality from which flavonoid content in olive tree treated with compost was significantly better than control. However, on this year, oil chlorophyll and carotenoid content of coltrol was higher than compost treated tree, but no significant differenec was found between compost treated trees and control for the ratio of oil chlorophyll to carotenoids content. There was a significant difference between two olive cultivars, Roughani and Zard for oil free fatty acid, peroxide value, K232 and K270, phenols, flavonoids, chlorophyll carotenoids. Overall, the oil quality of both olive cultivars which treated with manure and compost was in the range of extra virgin olive oil, based on standards of the International Council of Olive Oil at two years.
Hossein Meighani; Mahmood Ghasemnezhad; Davood Bakhshi
Abstract
Pomegranate aril and peel fruit colour are important factors affect fruit quality and consumer preference. In this study, the effects of three coating treatments (1 and 2% chitosan, Xedasol M14 and Britex Ti wax) investigated on the aril colour parameters and anthocyanins content of pomegranate fruit ...
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Pomegranate aril and peel fruit colour are important factors affect fruit quality and consumer preference. In this study, the effects of three coating treatments (1 and 2% chitosan, Xedasol M14 and Britex Ti wax) investigated on the aril colour parameters and anthocyanins content of pomegranate fruit cv. Malas-e-Saveh during 120 days storage at 4.5˚C. Above traits were measured at harvest time and 40, 80 and 120 days after storage. The results appeared diglucosides and –mono glucosides derivatives of cyanidin, delphinidin and pelargonidin in the pomegranate juice at harvest time. The profile of individual anthocyanins pomegranate juice was not affected by coating treatments and storage time. Up to 40 days storage, L* and chroma parameters reduced while in this time hue angle and total anthocyanin content increased. It is reflected that the anthocyanin synthesis continues in harvested fruit. Then, up to the end of storage the L* and chroma parameters gradually reduced and hue angle and total anthocyanin content increased that the level of reducing in the treated fruits were lower than that untreated fruits. The results showed that the diglucoside anthocyanins were more stable than the monoglucosides. Overall, xedasol and 2% chitosan coating treatments were more effective in maintaining of the colour parameters and anthocyanin content.
Hossein meighani; Mahmood Ghasemnezhad; Davood Bakhshi
Abstract
Sunburn damage is a physiological disorder, which reducing pomegranate fruits quality and result to huge loss to the gardeners yearly. In this study, the effects of kaolin on maintaining fruit quality and decreasing sunburn damage of Malas-e-Torsh-e-Saveh pomegranate was investigated. Processed Kaolin ...
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Sunburn damage is a physiological disorder, which reducing pomegranate fruits quality and result to huge loss to the gardeners yearly. In this study, the effects of kaolin on maintaining fruit quality and decreasing sunburn damage of Malas-e-Torsh-e-Saveh pomegranate was investigated. Processed Kaolin (surround® WP) with 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 % (w/v) was sprayed over the whole canopy and fruits at 45, 75 and 105 days after fruit set. The results indicated that kaolin significantly decreased fruit sunburn damage. Total soluble solid (TSS), total flavonoid content, total anthocyanin content and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes reduced in kaolin treated fruits in compared to control. Furthermore, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside and pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside content in kaolin treated fruits were lower than control. In contrast, fruit total phenolic content increased, but no significant difference was found for titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA, pH, antioxidant activity and delphinidin 3-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-glucoside of pomegranate juice. Overall three times spraying with 5% kaolin concentration at 30 days intervals recommended for control of sunburn damage of pomegranate fruits.
Seyede Masoomeh Heidary Barkadehei1; Mahmood Ghasemnezhad
Abstract
Summer pruning and calcium spray could improve kiwifruits quality. In this study, effect of summer pruning in two times, 2 and 15 days after petal fall alone or in combination with %1 calcium chloride spray on fruit quality and mineral elements contents of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit was investigated. ...
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Summer pruning and calcium spray could improve kiwifruits quality. In this study, effect of summer pruning in two times, 2 and 15 days after petal fall alone or in combination with %1 calcium chloride spray on fruit quality and mineral elements contents of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit was investigated. Calcium sprayed four times 90 days after petal fall with 15 days intervals. The results showed that summer pruning, especially 2 days after petal fall significantly increased fruit diameter, fruit weight and total soluble solid (TSS). Control vine )without summer pruning and calcium spray) had the lowest dry matter and vitamin C content. Fruit calcium and magnesium concentration and also nutrient elements ratios were significantly affected by summer pruning and calcium spray. In contrast, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content were not affected by them. The highest calcium and the lowest magnesium content were found in the vines that pruned 2 day after petal fall alone or in combination with calcium spray. The highest nutrient elements ratios, K/Ca, Mg/Ca, N/Ca was found in control vine (without pruning and calcium spray). Overall, summer pruning and calcium spray could ...
Mahtab Mmoradiedigehsara; Abdolali Hesami; Mahmood Ghasemnezhad
Abstract
Continual bearing and production of the highest quality fruits in kiwi requires initial training and regular annual pruning. Effects of three training systems including T-bar, as a common training system, Modified TY (MTY) and Y-shape (Y), and two pruning levels (60 and 80 buds per vine) was studied ...
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Continual bearing and production of the highest quality fruits in kiwi requires initial training and regular annual pruning. Effects of three training systems including T-bar, as a common training system, Modified TY (MTY) and Y-shape (Y), and two pruning levels (60 and 80 buds per vine) was studied on yield and quality characteristics of kiwifruit ‘Hayward’. Experiment was carried out in a factorial experiment using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2012. Results showed that the highest yield was obtained in Y80 treatment and the highest content of fruit tissue firmness, TSS and TSS/TA ratio were observed in Y60 treatment. The lowest fruit dry matter percentage belonged to MTY60, but fruits vitamin C was observed in Y60, Y80 and MTY60 systems. The highest content of total phenol was obtained in Y60 and MTY60 systems. However, the highest content of fruits extract total chlorophyll and antioxidant capacity at harvest time was observed in Y60. According to the results of this study, Y training system and pruning level of 60 buds per vine increased yield and quality of kiwifruit, respectively.
Erfan Sepahvand; Mohamad Reza Fatahimoghadam; Mahmood Ghasemnezhad; Alireza Talaei; Mohamad Ali Askari
Abstract
Training systems and calcium foliar application can improve apple fruits pigmentation by changing mineral compositions. In this study, effect of foliar application of calcium chloride with different concentrations (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g L-1) over 2, 4 and 6 weeks before harvest time on fruit mineral nutrient ...
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Training systems and calcium foliar application can improve apple fruits pigmentation by changing mineral compositions. In this study, effect of foliar application of calcium chloride with different concentrations (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g L-1) over 2, 4 and 6 weeks before harvest time on fruit mineral nutrient composition and colour values of apple cvs. Gala and Delbarestival which trained in three different systems (V shape, HighTech and Cordon) was investigated. The results showed that training systems and calcium foliar application had a significant effect on apple fruit mineral nutrient composition and colour values. Apple fruit cv. Gala which treated V- shape and HighTech showed suitable pigmentation as compare to cordon, but the favorite fruits pigmentation was found in Delbarestival, when trained in High Tech. Furthermore, the highest calcium concentration was found at V- shape and HighTech for Gala fruits and HighTech for Delbarestival. Calcium foliar application could increase significantly fruit peel a* value that means anthocyanin pigment synthesis and red colour production. Phosphorous and potassium contentin ‘Delbarestival’ fruits were sprayed to 1.5 g L-1 calcium increased but their content decreased in higher concentration of calcium application. Overall, the results showed that color improvement of ‘Gala’ apple fruits in HighTech and V shape systems and ‘Delbarestival’ fruits in HighTech system which spray 1.5 g L-1 calcium at three times could be due to increasing calcium concentration in fruits.
Kamran Amiri Nasab; Mahmood Ghasemnezhad; Hedayat Zakizadeh; Mohammad Hassan Biglouei
Abstract
Drought preconditioning, which is irrigation with low frequency and longer duration, could be used for extending root system and suppressing drought damage in plants. In the present study, the effect of drought preconditioning for 30 days on increasing tolerance to drought stress in two turfgrass species, ...
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Drought preconditioning, which is irrigation with low frequency and longer duration, could be used for extending root system and suppressing drought damage in plants. In the present study, the effect of drought preconditioning for 30 days on increasing tolerance to drought stress in two turfgrass species, creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera cv.Palustris) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea cv. Greystone) was investigated. Drought preconditioning and control plants were irrigated for 50 days with different levels of soil suction (20-23,40-43, 50-53 and 70-73 centibar), and finally, plants were watered up to field capacity point for 15 days, in order to recovery. The results showed that drought preconditioning increased root to shoot length ratio in both grass species. Preconditioning in both species also showed the higher leaf peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbat peroxidase and catalase activity than control plants at the end of 50 days of drought stress treatments. At recovery stage, activity of antioxidant enzymes was higher only in preconditioned creeping bent grass compared to control plants. Overall, drought preconditioning could increase drought stress tolerance in both turfgrass species by increasing root to shoot ratio and improving enzymatic antioxidant systems.
Sadegh Kazemi; Moazam Hassanpour Asil; Mahmoud Ghasemnezhad
Abstract
In order to study the physiological effects of some of the essential oils in comparison with 8-hydroxyquinoline in cut Lisianthus flowers (Eustoma grandiflorum L.), an experimental was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Traetments included 8-Hydroxyquinoline, essential ...
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In order to study the physiological effects of some of the essential oils in comparison with 8-hydroxyquinoline in cut Lisianthus flowers (Eustoma grandiflorum L.), an experimental was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Traetments included 8-Hydroxyquinoline, essential oil of Australian Cheesewood (Pittosporum undudatum) and Rosmary oil(Rosmarinus officinalis) at the two concentrations 200 and 300 mg/l and Zataria oil (Zataria multiflora) at two levels of 50 and 100 mg/l. All this treatments was used in combination with sucrose 3% and three treatments of distilled water, ethanol at 500 ppm and 3% sucrose as control treatments. The results showed that treating with 8-Hydroxyquinoline at a concentration of 300 mg/l had maximum vase life (18.4 days) compared to the control (distilled water 10.3, ethanol 10.8 and sucrose 3% 12.1) treatments. Among essential oils, Australian Cheesewood at a concentration of 300 mg/l, Rosmary oil at a concentration of 200 mg/l and Zataria oil at a concentration of 100 mg/l had vase life of 15.8, 15.6 and 15.5, days, respectively which was Significantly higher than control. The Rosmary oil at a concentration of 200 mg/l had the maximum effects on total chlorophyll. 8-Hydroxyquinoline and then, essential oil of Australian Cheesewood at a concentration of 300 mg/l had the maximum effects on anthocyanin, protein, malondialdehyde and enzyme levels. According to the results, using essential oils instead of chemical compounds can be an effective way to improve vase life of cut lisianthus flowers.
Mahsa Ashouri Vajari; Mahmoud Ghasemnezhad; Reza Ebrahimi; Atefeh Sabouri
Abstract
Leaf analysis is a general method of estimating the fertilizer needs in fruit trees, but there exists a limited correlation between it and fruit quality. Throughout the present study, fruits were harvested 10 weeks following full bloom and at the commercial maturity (6.2 brix) stages from thirteen different ...
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Leaf analysis is a general method of estimating the fertilizer needs in fruit trees, but there exists a limited correlation between it and fruit quality. Throughout the present study, fruits were harvested 10 weeks following full bloom and at the commercial maturity (6.2 brix) stages from thirteen different commercial kiwifruit orchards that had been fertilized with different fertilizers, the experiment being carried out in the east of Guilan province. Following harvest, such mineral elements as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium, dry matter and as well fruit tissue firmness(just in second harvest) were assessed. For an evaluation of the storage life, mature fruits were transferred to cold storage of 0 ºC temperature and 90-95% relative humidity, with fruit tissue firmness being evaluated after 105 days past of storage. Results showed significant correlations between fruit tissue firmness (at harvest) and potassium content in fruitlets and between fruit firmness and calcium, nitrogen, as well as dry matter content in mature fruits. There was a significant correlation observed between fruit firmness at the end of storage time and potassium as well as nitrogen content in fruitlets, and also between calcium, nitrogen contents and dry matter in mature fruits. Fruits with higher firmness at harvest time had maintained a higher firmness at the end of their storage period. Also, according to cluster analysis, the kiwifruit orchards were divided into two main groups. It could finally be concluded that the postharvest behavior of kiwifruits can be evaluated through a determination of the mineral compositions of fruitlets and of the mature fruits.
somaye ghasemi omran; mahmood ghasem nejad; abdollah hatamzade; davood bakhshi
Abstract
The close to impossible correct controlling of the temperature and light intensity is the main limiting factors of growing plants in the plastic covered greenhouses. Quality and vase life of cut flowers are mostly influenced by greenhouse temperature. Alstroemeria needs cold temperature for growth ...
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The close to impossible correct controlling of the temperature and light intensity is the main limiting factors of growing plants in the plastic covered greenhouses. Quality and vase life of cut flowers are mostly influenced by greenhouse temperature. Alstroemeria needs cold temperature for growth and flowering. In the current study, the such changes in vase life and flower quality as stem length, the number of flowers per inflorescence, and flower pigmentation in relation with anthocyanin concentration and Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity was investigated for three Alstroemeria cultivars namely: ‘Bordeaux’ , ‘Sukari’, and ‘Modena’ during the growing season in summer and autumn in plastic greenhouses.The results indicated that increase in temperature during summer resulted in declining flower quality and vase life, in contrast, cold temperature in late summer and early autumn enhances biosynthesis of anthocyanin and flower pigmentation. There were significant differences observed between Alstroemeria cultivars as regards high temperature during the summer season. In this study, high temperature induced Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity in petals, making one conclude that Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme might not be a key enzyme for biosynthesis of anthocyanin in Alstroemeria flowers. With increase in temperature, the number of flowers were shown to decrease in ‘Bordeaux’ cultivar.
Mostafa Ashournezhad; Mahmoud Ghasemnezhad; Sirous Aghajanzadeh; Davoud Bakhshi; Javad Fattahi Moghaddam
Volume 42, Issue 4 , March 2012, , Pages 413-422
Abstract
The effect of the organic, integrated and conventional methods of kiwifruit cv. 'Hayward' production on the fruit quality at its harvest time was investigated. Such traits as fruit size, firmness, Total Soluble Solids (TSS), Titratable Acidity (TA), total chlorophyll, total carotenoids, vitamin C, total ...
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The effect of the organic, integrated and conventional methods of kiwifruit cv. 'Hayward' production on the fruit quality at its harvest time was investigated. Such traits as fruit size, firmness, Total Soluble Solids (TSS), Titratable Acidity (TA), total chlorophyll, total carotenoids, vitamin C, total phenol, flavonoid compounds (catechin, quercetin 3-glucoside and chlorogenic acid) as well as the antioxidant potential of the fruit were evaluated. The results revealed that total carotenoid, TA, TSS/TA in organically produced fruits and in comparison with the conventional and integrated treatments did not significantly differ. But the fruit firmness, TSS, total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, total phenols, such a flavonoid type as quercetin 3-glucoside, total quercetin, chlorogenic acid, catechin as well as the antioxidant potential were higher in organically produced fruits. Total soluble solids and fruit length in the conventional and integrated management methods were significantly higher than those in the fruits organically produced. The fruits from organic treatments were somehow small and round. A negative correlation was observed between TSS and firmness, but a positive one between total flavonoid, antioxidant capacity as well as between chlorophyll and fruit firmness. Overall, the results indicated that the nutritional value and antioxidant compounds present in the fruits produced through organic farming methods stand at higher levels.
Morteza Soleymani Aghdam; Yones Mostofi; Ali Reza Mottalebi Azar; Javad Fattahi Moghaddam; Mahmood Ghasem Nejad
Volume 40, Issue 1 , June 2009
Abstract
To inspect the effect of methyl salicylate (MeSA) vapor on fruit shelf life quality in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis cv. Hayward) an experiment was carried out in Citrus Research Institute, Ramsar, Iran in 2006-2007. The experiment was based on a completely random design of three replications. The treatments ...
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To inspect the effect of methyl salicylate (MeSA) vapor on fruit shelf life quality in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis cv. Hayward) an experiment was carried out in Citrus Research Institute, Ramsar, Iran in 2006-2007. The experiment was based on a completely random design of three replications. The treatments consisted of MeSA at five rates (0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 µL/L) and storage time of five levels (every month of five month duration of shelf life during the whole period of the experiment. Assessed qualities included: Total Soluble Solids (TSS), Titrable Acidity (TA), vitamin C, pH, firmness of pulp, activity of Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and fruit ethylene production. The results of the experiments revealed that treatment with 32 µL/L of MeSA had the greatest effect on delay of postharvest ripening of fruits. Fruits treated with 32 µL/L of MeSA had a slower trend in decrease of pulp firmness and vitamin C as well as a slower trend in increase of TSS, ethylene production, and APX activity during storage as compared to control. Fruit TA decreased during shelf life period but MeSA did not have a significant effect on this trait. The highest delay effect of MeSA application on decrease trend of pH was observed in the 24 µL/L of MeSA application treatment.
