Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science

Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science

Effect of training system and calcium chloride foliar application on improving fruit colour and mineral nutrient composition of apple cvs. Gala and Delbarestival

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors
Erfan Sepahvand 1
Mohamad Reza Fatahimoghadam 2
Mahmood Ghasemnezhad 1
Alireza Talaei 2
Mohamad Ali Askari 2
1 Former Graduate Student and Associate Professor, College of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Professor and Assistant Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
10.22059/ijhs.2015.54132
Abstract
Training systems and calcium foliar application can improve apple fruits pigmentation by changing mineral compositions. In this study, effect of foliar application of calcium chloride with different concentrations (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g L-1) over 2, 4 and 6 weeks before harvest time on fruit mineral nutrient composition and colour values of apple cvs. Gala and Delbarestival which trained in three different systems (V shape, HighTech and Cordon) was investigated. The results showed that training systems and calcium foliar application had a significant effect on apple fruit mineral nutrient composition and colour values. Apple fruit cv. Gala which treated V- shape and HighTech showed suitable pigmentation as compare to cordon, but the favorite fruits pigmentation was found in Delbarestival, when trained in High Tech. Furthermore, the highest calcium concentration was found at V- shape and HighTech for Gala fruits and HighTech for Delbarestival. Calcium foliar application could increase significantly fruit peel a* value that means anthocyanin pigment synthesis and red colour production. Phosphorous and potassium contentin ‘Delbarestival’ fruits were sprayed to 1.5 g L-1 calcium increased but their content decreased in higher concentration of calcium application. Overall, the results showed that color improvement of ‘Gala’ apple fruits in HighTech and V shape systems and ‘Delbarestival’ fruits in HighTech system which spray 1.5 g L-1 calcium at three times could be due to increasing calcium concentration in fruits.
Keywords
Apple
Training systems
Calcium Chloride
nutrition elements
pigmentation

  1.  

    1. Asbahi, S., Ebadi, A., Zamani, Z., Vezvaie, A., Naghavi, M. & Talaie, A. (2004) Influence of three training systems on fruit yield and quality of five grapevine cultivars. Horticulture Science, 5(4), 189-200. (In Persian).
    2. Dolaty Baneh, H., Hasani, A., Majidi, A., Zomorrodi, Sh, Hasani, Gh. & Malakouti, M.J. (2002). Effect of concentration CaCl2 on fruit tissue firmness of red delicious apple in Urumia region. Journal of Agriculture Science, 12(4), 47-54.
    3. Ernami, P.R., Dias, J., Do Amarante, C.V.T., Ribeiro, D.C. & Rogeri, D. (2008). Preharvest calcium sprays were not always needed to improve fruit quality of ‘Gala’ apples in Brazil. Revista Brasilian de Fruticalture, 30, 892-896.
    4. FAO. (2011). Food and Agricultural Commodities Production.http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx.
    5. Faust, M. (1989). Physiology of Temperate-Zone Fruit Trees. John Wiley and Sons, New York, U.S.A. 388 p.
    6. Ferree, D.C. & Warrington, I.J. (2003). Apples: Botany, production and uses. CABI publishing. 660 pp.
    7.  Hassan, H., Sarrwy, S., Mostafa, E. & Dorria, M. (2010). Influence of training systems on leaf mineral contents, growth, yield and fruit quality of “Anna” apple trees. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 6(4), 443-448.
    8. Jones, C.G. & Hartley, S.E.. (1999). A protein competition model of phenolic allocation, Oikos, 86, 27-44.
    9. Kadir, SA. (2004). Fruit quality at harvest of ‘Jonathan’ apple treated with foliarly-applied calcium choloride. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 11, 1991-2006.
    10. Konopacka, D. & Płocharski. W. J. (2002). Effect of picking maturity, storage technology and shelf life on changes of apple firmness of 'Elstar', 'Jonagold' and 'Gloster' cultivars. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 10, 11-26.
    11. Lanauskas, J. & Kviklienė, N. (2006). Effect of calcium foliar application on some fruit quality characteristics of ‘Sinap Orlovskij’ apple. Agronomy Research, 4(1), 31-36.
    12. Li, Z.H., Gemma, H. & Iwahori, S. (2002). Stimulation of ‘Fuji’ apple skin color by ethephon and phosphorus-calcium mixed compounds in relation to flavonoid synthesis. Scientia Horticulturae, 94, 193-199.
    13. Mahmood Zadeh, H., Rasouli, V. & Ghorbanian, D. (2009). Effect of Some Training Systems on Vegetative Growth, Fruit Yield and Fruit Quality of Vitis vinifera cv. Sefid Bidaneh in Takestan Region. Seed and Plant, 25(4), 374-387. (In Persian).
    14. Pek, Z., Helyes, L. & Lugasi, A. (2010). Color changes and antioxidant content on vine and postharvest ripened tomato fruits. Horticulture Science, 45, 465-468.
    15. Rosenberger, D.A., Schupp, J.R., Hoying, S.A., Cheng, L. & Watkins, C.B. (2004). Controlling bitter pit in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples. Horticultural technology and Science, 14(3), 342-349.
    16. Sosna, I. & Czaplicka, M. (2008). The influence of two training systems on growth and cropping of three pear cultivars. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 16, 75-81
    17. Tomala, K. & Soska, A. (2004). Effects of calcium and/ or phosphorus sprays with different commercial preparations on quality and storability of "Šampion" apples. Horticultural Science, 31(1), 12-16.
    18. Vestrheim, S. (1970). Effect of chemical compounds on anthocyanin formation in ‘McIntosh’ apple skin. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Sciences, 95, 712-715.
    19. Vitrac, X., Larronde, F., Krisa, S., Decendit, A., Deffieux, G. & Merillon, J. M. (2000). Sugar sensing and Ca2+- calmodulin requirement in Vitis vinifera cells producing anthocyanins. Phytochemistry, 53, 659-665.

     

     

Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science
Volume 46, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
Spring 2015
Pages 131-140

  • Receive Date 07 January 2014
  • Revise Date 21 May 2014
  • Accept Date 26 April 2014