Evaluation of the Potential for Increasing Drought Resistance in Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) With Pre-Treatment of Ultraviolet Radiation

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors

Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorram Abad, Iran

Abstract

The pre-treatment of seeds and seedlings is an easy, low-cost, and low-risk method that improves plant growth and enhances their resistance to environmental stresses. The present research was conducted to evaluate the potential of increasing drought resistance in rosemary by seedling pre-treatment with UV radiation, as a split plots in a completely randomized design with three replications. UV radiation treatment was applied at three levels (control, UV A, and UV B) and drought stress at three levels (100±10, 75±10, and 50±10% field capacity). The results showed that leaf length, and shoot and root weight decreased with drought stress. However, internode length, plant height, shoot dry weight, leaf dry weight, leaf width, root dry weight, number of nodes, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, relative leaf water content, and carotenoid content decreased in the 50% field capacity treatment. Conversely, drought stress led to an increase in malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, proline, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, total phenol, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. UV B pre-treatment resulted in a significant increase in carotenoids, phenols, flavonoids, proline, and catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase activity. Activation of these stress resistance mechanisms by UV-B led to less increase in malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage, as well as a smaller decrease in photosynthetic pigments in response to drought stress compared to untreated plants.
Therefore, it can be concluded that pre-treatment with UV-B resulted in a better physiological response of rosemary to drought stress, but it did not have a specific effect on the growth and yield of the plants.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Extended Abstract

Introduction

Water deficit has always been a limiting factor for cultivating agricultural and horticultural plants in Iran. Plants exhibit different responses to drought stress in terms of yield and production of active substances. It is essential to conduct extensive research on valuable plants and employ various treatments to understand these characteristics. Pre-treatment of seeds and seedlings is an easy, cost-effective, and low-risk method that improves plant growth and enhances their resistance to environmental stresses. This technique can be used to improve the quantity and quality of products, especially under adverse environmental conditions. Exposure of plants to ultraviolet radiation strengthens their defense systems against stress-inducing factors. Considering the significant effects of ultraviolet radiation and drought stress on plants growth and development and the lack of research on their interaction on rosemary, the present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of enhancing drought tolerance through seedling pre-treatment with ultraviolet radiation under greenhouse conditions.

 

Materials and Methods

This study was conducted as a split plots in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2021. Ultraviolet radiation treatment was applied at three levels (control, UV-A radiation, and UV-B radiation) as the main factor, and drought stress was imposed at three levels (100±10, 75±10, and 50±10% field capacity) as the second factor. Initially, rosemary seedlings were prepared and planted in 5 kg pots containing a mixture of field soil, manure, and sand in a ratio of 1:1:1. Fully established seedlings were exposed to ultraviolet radiation based on the different treatments. The UV treatments were applied daily for 4 hours during the day time (from 11 am to 3 pm) in a period of three weeks. Then pre-treated plants were subjected to drought stress according to the experimental design. At the end of the experiment, five pots from each replication were randomly selected to measure the yield-attribute, physiological and biochemical traits.

 

Result and Discussion

The results showed that UV pre-treatment (UV-A and UV-B) had no significant effect on any of the yield-attribute traits studied in rosemary. However, both UV-A and UV-B pre-treatments resulted in a reduction in the levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll. Additionally, carotenoids content increased in plants under UV-B pre-treatment, but decreased in plants under UV-A pre-treatment. Pre-treatment with UV radiation resulted in an increase in the levels of malondialdehyde, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in rosemary. However, the increase was much higher in plants pre-treated with UV-B compared to those pre-treated with UV-A. The levels of proline and total phenols also increased in plants pre-treated with UV-B, while UV-A treatment had no significant effect on proline and total phenol.

Leaf length, shoot weight, and root weight decreased linearly with increasing drought stress. However, internode length, plant height, shoot dry weight, leaf dry weight, leaf width, root dry weight, stem diameter, node number, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and relative leaf water content showed a decrease only under severe drought stress (50% FC) compared to the control. On the other hand, malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage increased linearly and significantly with the intensifying of drought stress. Drought stress led to an elevation in proline content, total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity , as well as the antioxidant activity of catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes.

 

Conclusions

The present study showed that pre-treatment with UV radiation (UV-A and UV-B) had no significant effect on the yield-attribute of rosemary in water deficit stress conditions. However, pre-treatment with UV-B resulted in a significant increase in carotenoid, phenol, flavonoid, proline, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase levels. In fact, it can be concluded that by activating these stress resistance mechanisms through UV-B pre-treatment, less damage has been inflicted on the photosynthetic pigments and plasma membrane of plants under drought stress. The UV-B induced resistance resulted in a better physiological response of plants to water deficit stress. Pre-treated rosemary plants with UV-B showed less reduction in chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll levels when exposed to drought stress. Additionally, the increase in malondialdehyde content in these plants in response to drought stress was much lower.

 

References

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Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science
Volume 55, Issue 4
March 2025
Pages 533-553

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  • Receive Date: 16 March 2024
  • Revise Date: 28 June 2024
  • Accept Date: 13 August 2024

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