The Effect of Different Levels of Sodium Selenate and Selenite on Some Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors

1 Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Selenium is one of the useful chemical elements for plants growth which, in addition to its beneficial effects on plant growth, is known as an essential substance for human and animal health. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of different levels of sodium selenate and selenite on some growth and physiological traits of peppermint in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Plants were grown in a soilless culture system in the research greenhouse of the faculty of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, The treatments included different levels of sodium selenate (4, 8 and 12 mg/L) and sodium selenite (4, 8 and 12 mg/L), equal to 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 M of selenate and selenite sodium, respectively in Hoagland solution. The control treatment was a Hoagland solution without selenium application. Based on the results of the analysis of variance, the effect of sodium selenate and sodium selenite on all measured traits was significant. The results showed that the highest dry weight of aerial parts was observed in the treatment with 4 mg/L of sodium selenate. The relative water content of the leaf (6.6%) and guaiacol peroxidase activity (29.02%) were increased with the treatment of 4 mg/L of sodium selenate, compared to the control. The treatment with 12 mg/L of selenite and selenate sodium increased the ion leakage percentage, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentrations. According to the obtained results, the treatment of 4 mg/L of selenate and selenite sodium is recommended to increase growth and improve some physiological characteristics in peppermint plant.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Extended Abstract

Introduction

    Selenium is one of the useful elements for plants which, in addition to its beneficial effects on plant growth, is known as an essential substance for human and animal health. Two inorganic forms of selenium include selenate (SeO4-) and selenite (SeO3-). Selenate is more mobile than selenite and is transported to aerial organs through wood vessels, but selenite is converted into an organic form in the root and a small amount is transferred to the aerial part. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of different levels of sodium selenate and selenite on some growth and physiological characteristics of peppermint.

 

Material and methods

   This research was carried out in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. The plants were cultivated in a soilless culture medium in the research greenhouse of the faculty of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, in 2021. The treatments included different levels of sodium selenate 4, 8 and 12 mg/L and sodium selenite 4, 8 and 12 mg/L, equal to 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 M selenate and selenite sodium, respectively, in Hoagland solution, and the control treatment was without selenium application. After preparing the Hoagland nutrient solution, necessary salts were prepared according to the concentration of elements in the food formula. Then pH and EC were adjusted and finally it was used by plants.

 

Results and Discussion

    Based on the results of the analysis of variance, the effect of sodium selenate and sodium selenite on dry weight of aerial parts, root dry weight, relative water content of leaf, ion leakage percentage, soluble protein, guaiacol peroxidase enzyme activity, and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity at the probability level of 1%, and the percentage and concentration of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide at the probability level of 5% were significant. The results showed that the highest dry weight of aerial parts was observed in the treatment with 4 mg/L of sodium selenate. The relative water content of the leaf (6.6%) and guaiacol peroxidase activity (29.02%) were increased in the treatment with 4 mg/L of sodium selenate compared to the control. Treatment with 12 mg/L of selenite and selenate sodium caused the ion leakage percentage, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide concentrations to increase. In this study, selenium at low concentrations increased the growth, relative water content of the leaf, and soluble protein content, while at high concentrations it caused the growth to decrease. Decrease in growth is probably related to antioxidant activity, which is a defensive way to preserve the plant in stressful conditions. Also, with increasing selenium concentration, the amounts of ion leakage, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide increased. The results of this research showed that the treatments of 12 mg/L sodium selenate and sodium selenite caused a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes due to toxicity in peppermint plants. The activity of these enzymes could not cause the removal of active oxygen radicals and as a result, it caused the peroxidation of the membranes.

 

Conclusion

     According to the obtained results, the treatment of 4 mg/L of selenate and selenite sodium is recommended to increase growth and some physiological characteristics improvement in peppermint plants.

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Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science
Volume 54, Issue 2
July 2023
Pages 269-284

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History

  • Receive Date: 29 June 2022
  • Revise Date: 11 November 2022
  • Accept Date: 12 February 2023

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