Effects of Physical and Chemical characteristics of Different Casing Soils on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors

1 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

2 Director of Development and Research of Negin Fasl Agro-Industry Company, Shahrekord, Iran.

3 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.

Abstract

Casing soil is an important input in the production of the button mushroom, which is usually prepared from non-renewable organic sources (e.g., peat). In order to introduce a suitable alternative to peat, and also the effect of different casing soils on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of button mushroom this study was carried out.
The reaserch was conducted in a completely randomized design with 20 treatments and three replications on an industrial scale in Negin Fasl Agro-industry Company. In this respect, different alternative materials, such as mixed cow manure, spent mushroom compost (SMC), cow manure vermicompost, and SMC vermicompost in different volume ratios with peat )preaperd from north of Iran, north peat) were utilized to produce different casing soil, which used in the process of button mushroom production. Commercial and total yield traits, biological efficiency, piece weight, dry matter percentage, and mushroom earliness were determined in the applied treatments.
The results showed that there was a significant difference in yield, biological efficiency, dry matter percentage, and earliness traits among the treatments. The highest total yield and biological efficiency were related to the mixture of north peat and cow manure vermicompost (50% and 50%v/v), and the mixture of north peat and SMC vermicompost (50% and 50%v/v), with 16 kg/m2 yield., In cow manure (100%), and the mixture of north peat and cow manure (25% and 75%v/v) treatments no growing mycelial occured. The lowest total yield was achieved from north peat (100%), with 9.8 kg/m2.
Overall, the results showed that replacement of cow manure vermicompost, and SMC vermicompost with peat and conventional casing soil treatments could lead to save the costs, and preservation of natural resources.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Extended Abstract

Introduction

    Casing soil is an important input in the production of the button mushroom, which is usually prepared from non-renewable organic sources (e.g., peat). In order to introduce a suitable alternative to peat, and also invastigate the effects of different casing soils on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of button mushroom this study was carried out.

 

Materials and Methods

This study was conducted in a completely randomized design with 20 treatments and three replications on an industrial scale in Negin Fasl Agro-industry Company. In this respect, different alternative materials, such as mixed cow manure, spent mushroom compost (SMC), cow manure vermicompost, and SMC vermicompost in different volume ratios (25, 50, 75 and 100%) with peat (prepeared from north of Iran, north peat) were utilized to produce different casing soil treatments were used in the process of button mushroom production. Commercial and total yield traits, biological efficiency, piece weight, dry matter percentage, and mushroom earliness were determined in the applied treatments. In all the statistical analyses, related to piece weight, earliness, and dry matter percentage, the treatments that lacked mycelium growth and had zero yield were excluded. However, in evaluating the characteristics of commercial yield, total yield and biological efficiency, the zero yield of these treatments was considered and all the statistical analyses were done considering these treatments. The comparison of means was done by Duncan's multiple range test with SAS (9-4) statistical software. Casing soil properties were determined as following: soil pHwas measured in saturated paste and EC of saturated paste extract determined with electrical conductivity meter. The amount of organic matter by burning in the furnace, the wet bulk density with a graduated cylinder, particle density with pycnometer, the amount of soil moisture in matric suctions of 0, 10, 50 and 100 hPa were measured with a sand box. Also, porosity (POR), air after irrigation (AIR), easily available water (EAW), water buffering capacity (WBC), water holding capacity(WHC), air capacity (AC), relative field capacity (RFC) were calculated. The obtained data were standardized, then principal component analysis and clustering of treatments were done.

 

Results and Discussion

The results showed that there was a significant difference in yield and biological efficiency, dry matter percentage, and earliness traits among the treatments. The highest total yield and biological efficiency were related to the mixture of north peat and cow manure vermicompost (50% and 50%v/v), and the mixture of north peat and SMC vermicompost (50% and 50%v/v), with 16 kg/m2 yield. In cow manure (100%), and the mixture of north peat and cow manure (25% and 75%v/v) treatments no growing mycelial occured. The lowest total yield was achieved from north peat (100%), with 9.8 kg/m2. The relative field capacity showed a strong positive correlation with the yield of the mushroom. Examining the values of the relative field capacity in the treatments with the maximum total yield indicated that its optimal range lies between 0.81 and 0.84. The maximum yield of the mushroom was produced in the optimal range of total air capacity to total soil porosity (0.16-0.19).

 

Conclusion

      Overall, the results showed that replacing cow manure vermicompost, and SMC vermicompost with peat and conventional casing soil could lead to savings the costs in mushroom productionn, and also preserve natural resources. Considering the importance of balance between water and air in mushroom cultivation, the relative field capacity can be used in investigations related to the characteristics and quality of the casing soil.

References

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Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science
Volume 54, Issue 2
July 2023
Pages 213-233

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History

  • Receive Date: 03 September 2022
  • Revise Date: 19 February 2023
  • Accept Date: 26 February 2023

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