Evaluation of yield and morphological changes in some Iranian endemic fenugreek ecotypes under non-stress and drought stress conditions

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors

1 Former Ph.D. Student , Plant Genetics and Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, Plant Genetics and Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Former Ph.D. Student, Plant Genetics and Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between root traits and grain weight in fenugreek ecotypes. Fifteen fenugreek ecotypes were evaluated under two moisture environments (non-stress and drought stress conditions). The experiment was carried out as a split plot based on a completely randomized design with three replications in lysimetric system at the research glasshouse of Tarbiat Modares University. Water treatment had significant effect on all traits except for percent of root to shoot ratio and root number. Grain weight per plant was decreased 56 % from non-stressed condition (2.71 g) to drought stressed condition (1.19 g). Genotypic coefficients of variation ranged from 8.12 to 50.59 % indicates that there was high genetic variation in studied germplasm. Results of Biplot analysis showed that two main principal components were explained 64 and 80% of the data variation under non-stressed and drought stressed conditions, respectively. Also, results of biplot graphs revealed that there was high positive correlation between transpiration efficiency, grain weight, root length and root dry weight in both water treatments. Tiranchi and Shiraz ecotypes were favorable for many of traits especially for grain weight in both water treatments.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. Acharya, S., Srichamroen, A., Basu, S., Ooraikul, B. & Basu, T. (2006). Improvement in the nutraceutical properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Journal of Science and Technology, 28, 1-9.
  2. Aliabadi Farahani, H., Lebaschi, M. H., Shiranirad, A. H., Valadabadi, A. R. & Daneshian, J. (2008). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, different levels of phosphorus and drought stress on water use efficiency, relative water content and proline accumulation rate of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2, 125-131.
  3. Asch, F., Dingkuhnb, M., Sow, A. & Audebert, A. (2005). Drought-induced changes in rooting patterns and assimilate partitioning between root and shoot in upland rice. Field Crops Research, 93, 223-236
  4. Babaei, K., Amini, M., Modares, E. & Jabari, R. (2011). Effect of drought stress on morphological traits, proline and thymol in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research of Iran, 29, 239-251. (in Farsi)
  5. Blank, A. F., Rosa, Y. R. S., Filho, J. L. S. C., Santos, C. A., Blank, M. F. A., Niculau, E. S. & Alves, P. B. (2012). A diallel study of yield components and essential oil constituents in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Industrial Crops and Products, 38, 93-98.
  6. Blum, A. (2011). Plant breeding for water limited environments. New York, Springer.
  7. Chen, X., Min, D., Yasir, T. A. & Hu, Y. G. (2012). Evaluation of 14 morphological, yield-related and physiological traits as indicators of drought tolerance in Chinese winter bread wheat revealed by analysis of the membership function value of drought tolerance (MFVD). Field Crops Research, 137, 195-201.
  8. Darlington, C. D. & Wylie, A. P. (1955). Chromosome atlas of flowering plants. (2nd edn.). Allen, G. and Unwin, L. p 519, London, UK.
  9. Dehghani, H., Omidi, H. & Sabaghnia, N. (2008). Graphic analysis of trait relations of rapeseed using the biplot method. Agronomy Journal, 100, 1443-1449.
  10. Ebrahimiyan, M., Majidi, M. M., Mirlohi, A. & Noroozi, A. (2013). Physiological traits related to drought tolerance in tall fescue. Euphytica, 190, 401- 414.
  11. Ferrat, I. L. & Lovatt, C. J. (1999). Relationship between relative water content, nitrogen pools, and growth of (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and (P. Acutifolius) a gray during water deficit. Crop Science, 39, 467-74.
  12. Furry, A. (1952). Les Cahiers de la Recherche Agronomique. Soil Sience.
  13. Grossman, J. D. & Rice, K. J. (2012). Evolution of root plasticity responses to variation in soil nutrient distribution and concentration. Evolutionary Applications, 5, 850-857.
  14. Halluer, A. R., Marcelo, J. C. & Miranda, J. B. (2010). Quantitative genetic in maize breeding. Iowa State Univ, Press, Ames Iowa.
  15. Hirayama, M., Ada, Y. W. & Nemoto, H. (2006). Astimation of drought tolerance based on leaf temperature in upland rice breeding. Breeding Science, 56, 47-54.
  16. Holland, J. B. (2006). Estimating genotypic correlations and their standard errors using multivariate restricted maximum likelihood estimation with SAS Proc MIXED. Crop Science, 46, 642-654.
  17. Jaleel, C. A., Gopi, R., Sankar, B., Gomathinayagam, M. & Panneerselvam, R. (2008). Differential responses in water use efficiency in two varieties of Catharanthus roseus under drought stress. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 331, 42-47.
  18. Johnson, H. W., Robinson, H. & Comstock, R. (1955). Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybeans. Agronomy Journal, 47, 314-318.
  19. Jyostna-Devi, M., Sinclair, T. R., Vadez, V. & Krishnamurthy, L. (2009). Peanut genotypic variation in transpiration efficiency and decreased transpiration during progressive soil drying. Field Crops Research, 114, 280-285.
  20. Kavar, T., Maras, M., Kidric, M., Sustar-Vozlic, J. & Meglic, V. (2007), Identification of genes involved in the response of leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris to drought stress. Molecular Breeding, 21, 159-172.
  21. Khodadadi, M., Dehghani, H., Jalali Javaran, M. & Christopher, J. T. (2016b). Fruit yield, fatty and essential oils content genetics in coriander. Industrial Crops and Products, 94, 72-81.
  22. Khodadadi, M., Dehghani., H., Jalali Javaran, M., Rashidi Monfared, S. & Christopher, J. (2016a). Numerical and graphical assessment of relationships between traits ofthe Iranian Coriandrum sativum L. core collection by considering genotype × irrigation interaction. Scientia Horticulturae, 200, 73-82.
  23. Leport, L., Turner, N. C., French, R. J., Barr, M. D., Duda, R. & Davies, S. L. (2006). Physiological responses of chickpea genotypes to terminal drought in a Mediterranean-type environment. European Journal of Agronomy, 11, 279-291.
  24. Majidi, M. M., Mirlohi, A. & Amini, F. (2009). Genetic variation, heritability and correlations of agro-morphological traits in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Euphytica, 167, 323-331.
  25. McCurmick, K. M., Norton, R. M. & Eagles, H. A. (2009). Phenotypic variation within a fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) germplasm collection. II. Cultivar selection based on traits associated with seed yield. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 56, 651-661.
  26. Mohsenzadeh, S., Sadeghi, S., Mohabatkar, H., Niazi, A. (2009). Some responses of dry farming wheat to osmotic stresses in hydroponics culture. Journal of Cell and Molecular Research, 1, 84-90
  27. Najafpour Navaei, M. (1994).Regarding Fenugreek. Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, 6, 3-11. (In Farsi)
  28. Nguyen, H. T., Babu, R. C. & Blum, A. (1997). Breeding for drought resistance in rice: Physilogy and molecular genetics considerations, Crop Science, 37, 1426-1434.
  29. Polley, H. W. (2002). Implication of atmospheric and climatic change for crop yield and water use efficiency. Crop Science, 42, 131-140.
  30. Ratnakumar, P. & Vadez, V. (2011). Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) genotypes tolerant to intermittent drought maintain a high harvest index and have small leaf canopy under stress. Functional Plant Biology, 38, 1016-1023.
  31. Ritchie, S. W., Nguyen, H. T. & Holaday, A. S. (1990). Leaf water content and gas exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop Science, 30, 105-111.
  32. Robbins, N. E. & Dinneny, J. R. (2015). The divining root: Moisture-driven responses of roots at the micro-and macro-scale. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66, 2145-2154.
  33. Sadeghzade Ahari, D., Hassandokht, M., Kashi, E. & Amri, A. (2015). Evaluation of the masses of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) native to Iran with markers AFLP. Seed and Plant Improvment Journal, 30, 155-171. (in Farsi)
  34. Sadeghzadeh-Ahari, D., Kashi, A. K., Hassandokht, M. R., Amri, A. & Alizadeh, K. H. (2009). Assessment of drought tolerance in Iranian fenugreek landraces. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 7, 414-419.
  35. Schonfeld, M. A., Johnson, R. C., Carver, B. F. & Mornhinweg, D. W. (1988). Water relations in winter wheat as drought resistance indicators. Crop Science,28, 526-531.
  36. Szira. F., Bálint, A., Börner, A. & Galiba, G. (2008). Evaluation of drought related traits and screening methods at different developmental stages in spring barley. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 194, 334-342.
  37. Vadez, V., Deshpande, S. P., Kholova, J., Hammer, G. L., Borrell, A. K., Talwar, H. S. & Hash, C. T. (2011). Stay-green quantitative trait loci’s effects on water extraction, transpiration efficiency and seed yield depend on recipient parent background. Functional Plant Biology, 38, 553-566.
  38. Wanjura, D. F., Mass, S. J., Winslow, J. C. & Upchurch, D. R. (2004). Scanned and spotmeasured canopy temperatures of cotton and corn. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 44, 33-48.
  39. Wasson, A., Richards, R., Chatrath, R., Misra, S., Prasad, S. S., Rebetzke, G., Kirkegaard, J., Christopher, J. & Watt, M. (2012). Traits and selection strategies to improve root systems and water uptake in water-limited wheat crops. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63, 3485-3498.
  40. Xue, W. L., Li, X. S., Liu, J., Wang, Y. H., Zhang, Z. L. & Zhang, R. J. (2007). Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) extract on blood glucose, blood lipid and streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 16, 422-426.
  41. Yadav, U. C., Moorthy, K. & Baquer, N. Z. (2004). Effects of sodium-orthovanadate and Trigonella foenum-graecum seed son hepatic and renal lipogenic enzymes and lipid profile during alloxan diabetes. Journal of Biosciences, 29, 81-91.
  42. Yan, W., Hunt, L. A., Sheng, Q. & Szlavnics, Z. (2000). Cultivar evaluation and mega-environment investigation based on the GGEBiplot. Crop Science, 40, 597-605.
  43. Yordanov, I., Tsonko, T., Velikova, V., Georgieva, K., Ivanov, P., Tsenov, N. & Petrova, T. (2001). Change in CO2 assimilation, transpiration and stomatal resistance to different wheat cultivars expressing drought under field conditions. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology, 27, 20-33.
  44. Zhu, J., Ingram, P. A., Benfey, P. N. & Elich, T. (2011). From lab to field, new approaches to phenotyping root system architecture. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 14, 310-317.