Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science

Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science

Assessment the effect of Gamma radiation on microbial contamination and quality index of three varieties of date Palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) during storage

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors
Saeideh Zarbakhsh 1
Somayeh Rastegari 2
Sedigheh Javanpour 3
1 Former M. Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
10.22059/ijhs.2017.215849.1084
Abstract
Date palm is one of the important fruit in Iran. Maintain of fruit quality, reducing microbial contamination and control of pests are the main objects of date palm during storage. To determine the effect of gamma radiation on date palm, research on 'Piarom' as semi-dry date cultivar and 'Deiri' and 'Zahedi' as dry date cultivars were performed after storage for 4 months at 25±2°C. Fruit harvested and were irradiated by gamma radiation (0, 1, 3 and 5 kG doses). The factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 3 replications was conducted. Result showed that in all three cultivars, treated fruits had lower water loss and higher flavonoid content. Treated fruits with highest doses of radiation showed better sensory quality and lower pest contamination. Irradiation had significant effect on control of microbial contamination in Deiri and Zahedi cultivars but had no effect on Piarom palm. Zahedi didn’t show any bacterial contamination and other cultivars also showed significant differences. In general, the best dose of irradiation in this study was 5 kG. Results indicated that gamma radiation can be considered for inhibiting microbial contamination and maintain quality of fruits. It can also be used as a technique of future definition.
Keywords
Date
irradiation
Quality
storage
Subjects
  1. Adam, M. Y., Elbashir, H. A. & Ahmed, A. H. R. (2014). Effect of gamma radiation on tomato quality during storage and processing. Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(1), 20-25.
  2. Al-Hooti, S. N., Sidhu, J. S., Al-Saqer, J. M. & Al-Othman, A. (2002). Chemical composition and quality of date syrup as affected by pectinase/cellulase enzyme treatment. Food Chemistry, 79, 215-220.
  3. Al Jasser, M. S. (2010). Effect of storage temperatures on microbialload of some dates palm fruit sold in SaudiArabiamarket. African Journal of Food Science, 4, 359-363.
  4. Al-Najadaa, A. R. & Mohamed, S. A. (2014). Changes of antioxidant capacity and oxidoreductases of Saudi datecultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.) during storage. Science Horticultural, 170, 275-280.
  5. Alothman, M., Bhat, R. & Karim, A. A. (2009). Effects of Radiation Processing on Phytochemicals and Antioxidants in Plant Produce. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 20, 201-212.
  6. AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists 16th ed., Washington D.C.
  7. Asha, P., Vadivu, S. K. & Rajeswari, N. (2011). Effect of gamma radiation on flexible food packaging material. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, 2, 151-156.
  8. Barreveld, W. H. (1994). Date palm products, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, FAO. Agricultural Services Bulletin, No 101. 216p. F.A.O., Rome.
  9. Boshra, S. A. & Ahmed, Z. A. (1996). The Egyptian society of nuclrar sciences and applications. Arab Journal of Nuclear Science and Applications, 26, 79p.
  10. Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E. & Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Food Science and Technology, 28(1), 25-30.
  11. Benmeddour, Z., Mehinagic, E., Le Meurlay, D. & Louaileche, H. (2013). Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities of ten Algerian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars: a comparative study. Journal of Funct Foods, 5, 346-354.
  12. Chance, B. & Maehly, A. C. (1995). Assay of peroxidases. Methods Enzymology, 11,755-764.
  13. Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H. & Chern, J. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in Propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10(3), 178-182.
  14. Chittoor, J. M., Leach, J. E. & White, F. F. (1999). In: Datta, S. K., Muthukrishnan, S. (Eds.), Induction of peroxidase during defense against pathogens. (291p.)  Pathogenesis: Related Proteins in Plants.
  15. Cabo Verde, S., Trigo, M. J., Sousa, M. B., Ferreira, A., Ramos, C., Nunes, I. & Botelho, M. L. (2013).  Effects of gamma radiation on raspberries: Safety and quality issues. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 76(4-5), 291-303.
  16. Dixit, A., Bhatnagar, D., Kumar, V., Rani, A., Manjaya, J. & Bhatnagar, D. (2010). Gamma irradiation induced enhancement in isoflavones, total phenol, anthocyanin and antioxidant properties of varying seed coat colored soybean. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58, 4298-4302.
  17. Dogan, S., Turan, P., Dogan, M., Arslan, O. & Alkan, M. (2007). Variations of peroxidase activity among Salvia species. Journal of Food Engineering, 79, 375-382.
  18. Dzogbefia, V. P. & Djokoto, D. K. (2006). Combined effects of enzyme dosage and reaction time on papaya juice extraction with the aid of pectic enzymes-a preliminary report. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 30, 117-122.
  19. EL Deeb, H. M., El- Naggar, M. A. & Megahed, M. I. (2012). Improving fruit quality and prolonging the marketable periods to reduce the infection with insect and fungi of some dry date fruits. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Date Palm Conference, 139-150.
  20. El-Salhy, F. T. A. (1998). Effect of gamma rays on fruit storage of some date palm cultivars. M.Sc. thesis, Moshtohor, Zagzig University, Egypt, 147p.
  21. Fan, X., Toivonen, P. M. A., Rajkowski, K. T. & Sokorai, K. (2003). Warm water treatment in combination with modified atmosphere packaging reduced undesirable effects of irradiation on the quality of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistery, 51, 1231-1236.
  22. Farag, S. E. A., Shaltoot, A., Emam, M., El Nawawey, M. & El Dien, A. E. (2013). Physicochemical-Microbiological Studies on Irradiated Date Fruits with Studying Migration Monomers of Packages Materials. Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology, 5(1), 006-012.
  23. Garcia, J. C., Valdivia, C. B. P., Martinez, Y. R. & Hernandez, M. S. (2004). Acidity changes and pH-buffering capacity of Nopalitos. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 32, 169-174.
  24. Guerreiro, D., Madureira, J., Silva, T., Melo, R., Santos, P. M. P., Ferreira, A., Trigo, M. J., Falcão, A. N., Margaça, F. M. A. & Verde, S. C. (2016). Post-harvest treatment of cherry tomatoes by gamma radiation: Microbial and physicochemical parameters evaluation. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 36, 1-9.
  25. Guo, C., Yang, J., Wei, J., Li, Y., Xu, J. & Jiang, Y. (2003). Antioxidant activities of peel, pulp and seed fraction of common fruits as determined by FRAP assay. Nutrition Research, 23, 1719-1726.
  26. Homayouni, A., Azizi, A., Keshtiban, A., Amini, A. & Eslami, A. (2015). Date canning: a new approach for the long time preservation of date. Journal of Food Science Technology, 52(4), 1872-1880.
  27. Iqtedar, M., Sarfraz, B., Abdullah, R., Kaleem, A. & Naz, S. (2015). Effect of γ-irradiation doses on the sensory and microbial quality of dates (Phoenix dactylifera). Biologia, 61(2), 227-233.
  28. Kader, A. A. & Hussein, A. (2009). Harvesting and postharvest handling of dates. ICARDA, Aleppo. 15p.
  29. Khan, A. S., Singh, Z., Abbasi, N. A. & Swinny, E. E. (2008). Pre or post-harvest application of putrescine and low temperature storage affect fruit ripening and quality of Angelino plum. Science of food and Agriculture, 88, 1686-1695.  
  30. Leboffe, M. J. & Pierce, B. E. (2010). Microbiology: Laboratory theory and application (3rd ed). Morton Publishing Company. Colorado, U.S.A. 35- 176.
  31. Loir, Y. L., Baron, F. & Gautier, M. (2003). Staphylococcus aureus and food poisoning. Genetics and Molecular Research, 2, 63-76.
  32. Mali, A. B., Khedkar, K. & Lele, S. S. )2011(. Effect of gamma irradiation on total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2,428-433.
  33. Mansouri, A., Embarek, G., Kokkalou, E. & Kefalas, P. (2005). Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the Algerian ripe date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Food Chemistry, 89, 411-420.
  34. Martínez-Hernández, G. B., Artés-Hernández, F., Gómez, P. A., Formica, A. C. & Artés, F. (2013). Combination of electrolyzed water, UV-C and superatmospheric O2 packaging for improving freshcut broccoli quality. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 76, 125-134.
  35. Mortazavi, S. M. H., Arzani, K. & Barzegar, M. (2010). Analysis of Sugars and Organic Acids Contents of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Barhee during Fruit Development. Acta Horticulturae, 882, 793-801.
  36. Mortazavi, S. M. H., Arzani, K. & Barzegar, M. (2007). Effect of Vacuum and Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life of Date Fruits in Khalal Stage. Acta Horticulturae, 736, 471-477.
  37. Niakousari, M., Erjaee, Z. & Javadian, S. (2010). Fumigation characteristics of ozone in postharvest treatment of kabkab dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) against selected insect infestation. Journal of Food Protection, 73(4), 763-768.
  38. Pek, Z., Helyes, L. & Lugasi, A. (2010). Color changes and antioxidant content of vine and postharvest ripened tomato Fruits. Horticultural Science, 45, 466-468.
  39. Rice-Evans, C. A., Miller, N. J. & Paganga, G. (1996). Structure– antioxidant activity relationship of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 20, 933-956.
  40. Robinson, D. S. (1991). Peroxidase and their significance in fruits and vegetables. In: Fox, P.F. (Ed.). (63p). Food enzymology NewYork.
  41. Saharan, G. S. & Mehta, N. (2008). Sclerotinia Diseases of Crop Plants: biology, Ecology and Disense Management. (485p). Springer Science & business Media b.V. Publishing.
  42. Sammi, G. S. & Masud, T. (2007). Effect of different packaging systems on storage life and quality of tomato during different ripening stages, International Journal of Food Safety, 9, 37-44.
  43. Song, H. P., Kim, D. H., Jo, C., Lee, C. H., Kim, K. S. & Byun, M. W. (2006). Effect of gamma irradiation on the microbiological quality and antioxidant activity of fresh vegetable juice. Food Microbiology, 23, 372-378. 
  44. Vayalil, P. K. (2002). Antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of aqueous extract of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Arecaceae. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 50, 610-617.
  45. Vincent, I. E. & Lingered, D. L. (2002). Hydrogen phosphate and ethyl format: fumigation of insect’s infestation of dates and other dried fruits. Journal of Economic Entomology, 65, 1167p.
  46. Yook, H. S., Kim, D. H., Song, H. P., Lee, H. J. & Byun, M. W. (2003). Effect of Gamma irradiation on the Fermentative Microorganisms and Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in Kimchi at Different Fermentative Stages. Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 8, 265-269.
  47. Zhang, M., Tao, Q., Huan, Y., Wang, H. & Li Li, C. (2002). Effect of temperature control and high humidity on the preservation of JUFENG grapes. International Agrophysics, 16(4), 277-282.‏
Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science
Volume 49, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
Spring 2018
Pages 147-156

  • Receive Date 26 September 2016
  • Revise Date 13 March 2017
  • Accept Date 20 March 2017