Evaluation of winter cold tolerance and critical temperature (LT50) estimation in 21 strawberry cultivars

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors

1 Former Ph. D. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

2 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Kurdistan University, Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract

Freezing injury of strawberry plants is one of the greatest factors reducing crop yield and quality in temperate regions. In order to evaluate the winter cold tolerance of 21 strawberry cultivars, an experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replications under natural freezing temperatures in agricultural research station of Ghamlou, part of agricultural research center of Kurdistan. Crown freezing injury index (It) based on electrolyte leakage as well as leaf and crown LT50 values, crown tissue browning intensity, survival percent, number of leaf/plant, leaf area, petiole length and yield/plant of strawberry cultivars were meseaured. There were significant differences (P≤0.01) between cultivars for all of the evaluated traits. The least crown freezing injury and the highest winter survival percent were seen in ‘Krasnyy bereg’, ‘Queen Elisa’, ‘Aliso’, ‘Dachnitsa’ and ‘Kurdistan’, respectively whereas ‘Tennage Beauty’ and ‘Selva’ showed the least tolerance to low temperatures. According to the results of probit analysis of crown critical temperature (LT50), ‘Krasny Bereg’ was the most tolerant cultivar to low temperatures while ‘Tennessee Beauty’ was the most sensitive cultivar compared to the other tested cultivars. Leaf area and petiole length had positive correlations with crown It and crown LT50 whereas the number of leaf/plant had a positive correlation with survival percent and yield/plant under low temperatures stress. Based on the results, the ʻQueen Elisaʼ compared to other varieties is the most appropriate cultivar for cultivation in cold regions.  

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. Allison, P. D. (2010). Survival analysis using SAS: a practical guide. Sas Institute.Second Edition.336 pages.
  2. Boyce, B. & Reed R. (1983). Effects of bed height and mulch on strawberry crown temperatures and winter injury. Advances in Strawberry Production, 2(1), 12-14.
  3. Doving, A. & Mage, F. (2001). Prediction of strawberry fruit yield. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Plant Soil Science51(1), 35-42.
  4. Ershadi, A., Karimi, R. & Mahdei, K. N. (2016). Freezing tolerance and its relationship with soluble carbohydrates, proline and water content in 12 grapevine cultivars. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 38(1), 1-10.
  5. Fisher, P. (2004). Cold Acclimation in Strawberries: How strawberry plants get ready for winter. Ohio Fruit ICM News. Retrieved Sep. 7, 2014, from: http://www.fruit.cornell.edu/berry/production/pdfs/ strcoldacclim.pdf.
  6. Gilmour, S. J., Sebolt, A. M., Salazar, M. P., Everard, J. D. & Thomashow, M. F. (2000). Overexpression of the Arabidopsis CBF3 transcriptional activator mimics multiple biochemical changes associated with cold acclimation. Plant Physiology, 124(4), 1854-1865.
  7. Hancock, J. F. (2000). Strawberries. In: Temperate fruit crops in warm climates (pp. 445-455). Springer Netherlands.
  8. Hochmuth, G. J. & Albregts, E. (1994). Fertilization of strawberries in Florida. University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, EDIS.
  9. Karami, F. & Gholami, M. (2012). Interrelationships of traits and path analysis of yield in strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa Duch.). In VII International Strawberry Symposium. Acta Horticulturae, 1049, 415-421.
  10. Koehler, G., Wilson, R. C., Goodpaster, J. V., Sønsteby, A., Lai, X., Witzmann, F. A., You, J. S., Rohloff,  J., Randall, S. K. & Alsheikh, M. (2012). Proteomic study of low-temperature responses in strawberry cultivars (Fragaria× ananassa) that differ in cold tolerance. Plant physiology, 159(4), 1787-1805.
  11. Ledesma, N. A., Nakata, M. & Sugiyama, N. (2008). Effect of high temperature stress on the reproductive growth of strawberry cvs.‘Nyoho’ and ‘Toyonoka’. Scientia Horticulturae, 116(2), 186-193.
  12. Lee, S. H., Singh, A. P., Chung, G. C., Kim, Y. S. & Kong, I. B. (2002). Chilling root temperature causes rapid ultrastructural changes in cortical cells of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) root tips. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53(378), 2225-2237.
  13. Lindén, L., Palonen, P. & Lindén, M. (2000). Relating freeze-induced electrolyte leakage measurements to lethal temperature in red raspberry. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 125(4), 429-435.
  14. Lindén, L. (2002). Measuring cold hardiness in woody plants. Ph.D. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture and forestry.University of Helsinki, Finland. 57p.
  15. Lindén, L., Seppänen, M., Väinölä, A. & Palonen, P. (2008). Cold hardiness research on agricultural and horticultural crops in Finland. Agricultural and Food Science, 8(4-5), 459-477.
  16. Lukoševičiūtė, V., Rugienius, R., Baniulis, D., Savickienė, N., Brazaitytė, A., Ruzgas, V., Jarienė, E., Kupčinskienė, E., Liobikas, J. & Šlepetienė, A. (2014). Characterization of cold acclimation and cold hardiness of strawberry in vitro and in vivo. Ph.D. Thesis. Aleksandro Stulginskio universitetas. Lithuania.
  17. Marini, R. P. & Boyce, B. R. (1979). Influence of low temperatures during dormancy on growth and development of 'Catskill' strawberry plants. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 104, 159-162.
  18. Nestby, R. & Bjørgum, R. (1999). Freeze injury to strawberry plants as evaluated by crown tissue browning, regrowth and yield parameters. Scientia Horticulturae, 81(3), 321-329.
  19. Nestby, R., Lieten, F., Pivot, D., Lacroix, C. R. & Tagliavini, M. (2005). Influence of mineral nutrients on strawberry fruit quality and their accumulation in plant organs: a review. International journal of fruit science, 5(1), 139-156.
  20. Palonen, P. & Buszard, D. (1997). Current state of cold hardiness research on fruit crops. Canadian journal of plant science, 77(3), 399-420.
  21. Prášil, I. & Zámečnı́k, J. (1998). The use of a conductivity measurement method for assessing freezinginjury: I. Influence of leakage time, segment number, size and shape in a sample on evaluation of the degree of injury. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 40(1), 1-10.
  22. Rohloff, J., Eidem, P., Davik, J. & Alsheikh, M. (2012). Metabolic cold acclimation of 'Polka' and 'Honeoye' strawberries under natural field conditions. In:VII International Strawberry Symposium,18 Feb., Beijing, China. pp. 463-466.
  23. Turner, J., Tanino, K. & Stushnoff, C. (1993). Evaluation of low temperature hardiness of strawberry plants under field and controlled conditions. CanadianJournal of Plant Science, 73(4), 1123-1125.
  24. Wang, S. Y. & Camp, M. J. (2000). Temperatures after bloom affect plant growth and fruit quality of strawberry. Scientia Horticulturae, 85(3), 183-199.
  25. Warmund, M. R. (1993). Ice Distribution in Earliglow' Strawberry Crowns and Tissue Recovery following Extracellular Freezing. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 118(5), 644-648.
  26. Wiemken, V., Kossatz, L. & Ineichen, K. (1996). Frost hardiness of Norway spruce grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 and increased nitrogen fertilizing. Journal of Plant Physiology, 149(3), 433-438.
  27. Yao, S., Luby, J. J. & Wildung, D. K. (2009). Strawberry cultivar injury after two contrasting Minnesota winters. HortTechnology, 19(4), 803-808.
  28. Yao, S. R., Luby, J. J. & Hummer, K. E. (2012). Cold hardiness and foliar disease resistance of Northern American and Asian Fragaria. Journal of the American Pomological Society, 66(2), 46-55.