Effect of electrical conductivity of nutrient solution on growth and development of rose cut flower cv. Dolce vita in hydroponic system

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors

1 Former Ph.D. Student and Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Rose production is a function of the genetic traits and environmental characteristics, including quantity and quality of the irrigation water. Due to the limitation in availability of high quality water resources in most regions of Iran, the effect of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (due to variation in sodium chloride concentration) was investigated on the yield and quality of rose cv. Dolce vita in hydroponic system. The experimental treatments included four nutrient solutions with different electrical conductivities of 1.6, 1.8, 2.0 and 2.2 dS m-1 containing 3.18, 4.57, 5.69 and 6.87 mM sodium and 1.58, 2.71, 3.76 and 5.11 mM chloride concentrations, respectively. Results indicated that treatments not only had no significant effect on quantitative and qualitative performance of rose cv. Dolce vita, but also they improved petal pigmentation only if ions concentrations and ions ratios were properly adjusted in the nutrient solutions. Despite applying 40 percent leaching fraction, electrical conductivities of pots drain water were gradually increased. In addition, by increasing sodium and chloride ions concentrations, only chloride concentration was significantly increased in leaf tissue. Overall, results of this research indicated that by optimizing the nutrient solution, rose cv. Dolce vita tolerated variation in electrical conductivity of nutrient solutions in the range of 1.6 to 2.2 dS m-1 (because of variation in NaCl concentration) without any reduction in performance or quality.

Keywords

References

  1. A.O.A.C. (1995). Official method of analysis. (16th ed.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, Arlington Virginia, USA.
  2. Ahmad, I., Aslam Khan, M., Qasim, M., Ahmad, R. & Samad, T. (2013). Growth, Yield and Quality of Rosa hybrida L. as Influenced by NaCl Salinity. Journal of Ornamental and Horticultural Plants, 3, 143-153.
  3. Ali, E. F., Bazaid, S. A. & Hassan, F. A. S. (2012). Salinity Tolerance of Taif Roses by Gibberellic Acid (GA3). International Journal of Science and Research, 3(11), 184-192.
  4. Bernstein, L., Francois, L. E. & Clark, R. A. (1972(. Salt tolerance of ornamental shrubs and ground covers. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 97, 550-556.
  5. Bass, R. & van der Berg. (1999). Sodium accumulation and nutrient discharge in recirculation systems: A case study with roses. Acta Horticulturae, 507, 157-164.
  6. Cabrera, R. I. (2003). Mineral nutrition. In: A.V. Roberts, Debener, T. & S. Gudin (Ed), Encyclopedia of rose science. Academic Press, Oxford, UK.
  7. Cabrera, R. I. & Perdomo, P. (2003). Reassessing the salinity tolerance of greenhouse roses under soilless production conditions. American Society for Horticultural Sciences, 38, 533-536.
  8. Cabrera, R. I., Solis-Perez, A. R. & Sloan, J. J. (2009). Greenhouse Rose Yield & Ion Accumulation Responses to Salt Stress as Modulated by Rootstock Selection. American Society for Horticultural Sciences, 44, 2000-2008.
  9. Cai, X., Niu, G., Starman, T. & Hall, C. (2014). Response of six garden roses (Rosa × hybrida L.) to salt stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 168, 27-32.
  10. Chimonidou, P. D. (1997). Response of Roses to Salinity & Irrigation. In: Proceeding of the 1th Trans-National Meeting on Salinity as Limiting Factor for Agricultural Productivity in The Mediterranean Basin, 2-7 June, Napoli, Italy.
  11. Edwards, I. K., Kalra, Y. P. & Radford, F. G. (1981). Chloride determination and levels in the soil plant environment. Environmental Pollution, 2, 109-117.
  12. Gupta, B. & Huang, B. (2014). Mechanism of Salinity Tolerance in Plants. Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Characterization. International Journal of Genomics, 2014, 18 pages. Review
  13. Hughes, H. & Hanan, J. J. (1978). Effect of salinity in water supplies on greenhouse rose production. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 103, 694-699.
  14. James, R. A., Blake, C., Byrt, C. S. & Munns, R. (2011). Major genes for Na+ exclusion, Nax1 and Nax2 wheat HKT1; 4 and HKT1; 5), decrease Na+ accumulation in bread wheat leaves under saline and waterlogged conditions. Journal of Experimental Botany, 6(8), 2939-2947.
  15. Kalra, P. Y. (1998). Handbook of references methods for plant analysis (1th ed.). CRC press.
  16. Khan, M. I. R., Iqbal, N., Masood, A. & Khan, N. A. (2012). Variation in salt tolerance of wheat cultivars: role of glycinebetaine and ethylene. Pedosphere, 22, 746-754.
  17. Li, X. G., Li, F. M., Ma, Q. F. & Cui, Z. J. (2006). Interactions of NaCl and Na2SO4 on soil organic C mineralization after addition of maize straws. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38, 2328-2335.
  18. Lichtenthaler, H. K. & Buschmann, C. (2001). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: measurement and characterization by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Current protocols in food analytical chemistry, pp. F4.3.1–F4.3.8. Wiley, New York.
  19. Lex Company (2016). The Rose Creators. Retrieved June 28, 2016, from http://www.lex.nl/catalog/product.web?id=16&p=dolce-vitaplus
  20. Mercurio, G. )2007(. Cut rose cultivation around the world. (1st ed.). Schreurs, The Netherlands.
  21. Munns, R. & Tester, M. (2008). Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, 651-681.
  22. Munns, R. (2005). Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together. New Phytologist, 167(3), 645–663.
  23. Niu, G. & Rodriguez, D. S. (2008). Responses of Growth and Ion Uptake of Four Rose Rootstocks to Chloride- or Sulfate-dominated Salinity. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 133(5), 663-669.
  24. Niu, G., Rodriguez, D. S. & Aguiniga, L. (2008). Effect of saline water irrigation on growth and physiological responses of three rose rootstocks. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 43, 1479-1484.
  25. Rahnama, A., James, R. A., Poustini, K. & Munns, R. (2010). Stomatal conductance as a screen for osmotic stress tolerance in durum wheat growing in saline soil. Functional Plant Biology, 37(3), 255-263.
  26. Raviv, M., Krasnovsky, A., Medina, S. & Reuveni, R. (1998). Assessment of various control strategies for recirculation of greenhouse effluents under semi-arid conditions. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 73, 485-491.
  27. Rozema, J. & Flowers, T. (2008). Ecology. Crops for a salinized world, Science, 322(5907), 1478-1480.
  28. Sadasivaiah, S. P. & Holley, W. D. (1973). Ion balance in nutrition of greenhouse roses. Roses Incorporated Bulleting Supplement. November. P. 1-27.
  29. Wahome, P. K., Jesch, H. H. & Grittner, I. (2001). Mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in two rose rootstocks: Rosa chinensis ‘Major’ and R. rubiginosa. Scientia Horticulturae, 87, 207-216.
  30. Western Australia Department of Agriculture. (2003). Salinity Tolerance.Retrieved May 10, 2013, from http://staneyo.com/news files/water/salinity-chart.html.
  31. White, J. W. (1987). Fertilization. In: R.W. Langhans (Ed.). Roses. Roses Incorporated, Haslett, Michigan.
  32. Yaron, B., N. Zieslin, & Halevy, A. H. (1969). Response of 'Baccara' roses to saline irrigation. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 94, 481-484.

 

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 14 August 2016
  • Revise Date: 17 September 2016
  • Accept Date: 04 October 2016

Share

How to cite

Statistics