Effect of friutfulness and soluble suger and starch changes in stem, bud and leaf on primary bud necrosis in grapevine

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Fars Agricultural Research and Natural Resource and education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Primary bud necrosis (PBN) in grapevine is a physiological disorder that leads to death of fruitful buds and yield loss. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in soluble sugars and starch and their relationship to the incidence of the primary bud necrosis in Askari grapevine. Experiment was conducted in a vineyard that the vines were 15 years old, with a head system, vines spaced 2.5×3 m, as factorial in randomized completely block design with three replications during 2008. The first factor including to fruiting and de-fruited, the second factor 3 level of organ types (Bud, Leaf and Stem) and the third factor with 10 level of sampling date (40 to 130 days after bud break (DAB)).The results showed that the first symptom of PBN disorder began at the 60 DAB and continued to end of growing season. Also the concentration of soluble sugars increased in the early season and then it decreased, but the amount of starch in all organs, especially in bud increased. The concentration of soluble sugars and starch in fruited vine was more than the de-fruited vine. In both fruiting and de-fruited vines, when season ahead, the amount of storage starch was increased in all organs. A negative correlation of soluble sugar and starch with PBN percentage in the fruiting and de-fruited vines were observed. In other word, the role of soluble sugars and starch stored in the bud, on the incidence of PBN in Askari grapevine was confirmed.

Keywords


  1. Bains, K. ­S., Bindra, A. S. & Bal, J. S. (1981). Seasonal changes in carbohydrate and mineral composition of vigorous and devitalized Anab-e-Shahi grapevines in relation to unfruitfulness. Vitis, 20, 311-319.
  2. Bates, T. R., Dunst, R. M. & Joy, P. (2002). Seasonal dry matter, starch, and nutrient distribution in ‘Concord’ grapevine roots. HortScience, 37, 313-316.
  3. Botti, C. & Sandova, E. (1990). Inflorescence bud induction in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Thompson Seedless: Cytohistological events and starch accumulation in the shoot apex. Vitis, 29, 123-131.
  4. Bouard, J. (1966). Recherches physiologiques sur la vigne et en particulier sur l'aoûtement des sarments. Ph.D thesis, University of Bordeaux (France). P. 141.
  5. Campbell, J. A. & Strother, S. (1996). Seasonal variation in pH, carbohydrate and nitrogen of xylem exudate of Vitis vinifera. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 23, 115-118.
  6. Candolfi-Vasconcelos, M. C., Candolfi, M. P. & Koblet, W. (1994). Retranslocation of carbon reserves from the woody storage tissues into the fruit as a response to defoliation stress during the ripening period in Vitis vinifera L. Planta, 192, 567-573.
  7. Candolfi-Vasconcelos, M. C. & Koblet, W. (1990). Yield, fruit quality, bud fertility and starch reserves of the wood as a function of leaf removal in Vitis vinifera - evidence of compensation and stress recovering. Vitis, 29, 199-221.
  8. Caspari, H., Lang A. & Alspach, P. (1998). Effects of girdling and leaf removal on fruit set and vegetative growth in grape. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 49, 359-366.
  9. Dry, P. R. & Coombe, B. G. (1994). Primary bud-axis necrosis of grapevines. I. Natural incidence and correlation with vigor. Vitis, 33, 225-230.
  10. Eifert, J., Panczel, M. & Eifert, A. (1960). Anderung des Starke und Zuckergehaltes der Rebe wahrend der Ruheperiode. Vitis, 2, 257-264.
  11. Food and Agriculture Organization. (2012). Agriculturar statistics deatabase. Retrieved Dec 10, 2015, from www.fao.org/ FAOSTAT
  12. Hedge, J. E. & Hofreiter, B. T. (1962). In: whistler, R. L. and J. N. Be-Miller (Eds), Carbohydrate chemistry, Academic press, New York. 211p.
  13. Huglin, P. & Schneider, C. (1998). Biologie et écologie de la vigne. (2nd edn.). Paris: Lavoisier Technical Document.
  14. Kavoosi, B., Eshghi, S. & Tafazoli, E. (2011). Study of date, severity and anatomical changes on bud necrosis in growth and development stage of grapevines (vitis vinifera L. cv. Askari). Iranian Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 42(2), 349-356. (in Farsi)
  15. Koblet, W., Candolfi-Vasconcelos, M.C., Aeschimann, E. & Howell, G.S. (1993). Influence of defoliation, rootstock, and training system on Pinot noir grapevines. I. Mobilization and reaccumulation of assimilates in woody tissue. Viticulture Enology Science, 48, 104-108.
  16. Lavee, S., Ziv, M. M. & Berstein, Z. (1981). Necrosis in grapevine buds (Vitis vinifera cv. Queen of Vineyard). I. Relation to vegetative vigor. Vitis, 20, 8-14.
  17. Morrison, J. C. & Iodi, M. (1990). The development of primary bud necrosis in Thompson Seedless and Flame Seedless grapevines. Vitis, 29, 133-144.
  18. Mullins, M.G., Bouquet, A. & Williams, L.E. (1992). Biology of the Grapevine. Cambridge University Press. New York, USA. 239 p.
  19. Naito, R., Yamamura, H.  & Munesue, S. (1987). Studies on the necrosis in grapevine buds (III) the time of the occurrence of bud necrosis in ‘Kyoho’ and the relation between its occurrence and the amounts of nutritional elements in buds. Bulletin Faculty of Agriculture Shimane University, 21, 10-17.
  20. Rawnsley, B. & Collins, C. (2005). Improving vineyard productivity through assessment of bud fruitfulness and bud necrosis. Retrieved Jun 8, 2008,  from http://research.wineaustralia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/SAR-02-05.pdf
  21. Scholefield, P.B., Neales, T.P. & May, P. (1978). Carbon balance of the sultana vine (Vitis vinifera L.) and the effects of autumn defoliation by harvest pruning. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 5, 561-570.
  22. Vasudevan, L. (1997). Anatomical developments and the role of carbohydrate or mineral nutrient deficiency in bud necrosis of Riesling grapevines. Ph.D. dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Vasudevan, L., Wolf, T.K., Welbaum, G.G.  & Wisniewski, M.E. (1998b). Reductions in bud carbohydrates are associated with grapevine bud necrosis. Vitis, 37, 189-190.
  23. Vemmos, S. N. (1995). Carbohydrate changes in flower, leaves, shoot and spur of Cox Orang Pippin apple during flowering and fruit setting periods. Journal Horticultural Science, 70, 889-900. 
  24. Ulger, S., Sonmez, S., Karkacier, M., Ertoy, N., Akdesir, O. & Aksu. M. (2004). Determination of endogenous hormones, sugars and mineral nutrition levels during the induction, initiation and differentiation stage and their effects on flower formation in olive. Plant Growth Regulation, 42(1), 89-95.
  25. Winkler, A.J. & Williams, W.O. (1938). Carbohydrates metabolism of Vitis vinifera. Plant Physiology, 20, 412-432.
  26. Winkler, A. J. (1974). General Viticulture. University of California Press. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London. 633p.
  27. Wolf, T. K. & Warren, M. K. (1995). Shoot growth rate and shoot density affect bud necrosis of ‘Riesling’ grapevines. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 120, 989-996.
  28. Yang, Y. S., Hori, Y. & Ogata, R. (1980). Studies on retranslocation of accumulated assimilates in ‘Delaware’ grapevines. Tohoku Journal Agricultural Research, 31, 109-119.
  29. Zapata, C., Audran, J.C. & Magné, C. (2003). Grapevine culture in trenches. Reproductive characteristics and interactgions with vegetative growth.Journal International des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 37, 85-90.
  30. Zapata, C., Deléens, E., Chaillou, S. & Magné, C. (2004a). Partitioning and mobilization of starch and N reserves in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Journal of Plant Physiology, 161, 1031-1040.
  31. Zapata, C., Deléens, E., Chaillou, S. & Magné, C. (2004b). Mobilisation and distribution of starch and total N in two grapevine cultivars differing in their susceptibility to shedding. Functional. Plant Biology, 31, 1127-1135.
  32. Zapata, C., Magné, C., Deléens, E., Brun, O., Audran, J.C. & Chaillou, S. (2001). Grapevine culture in trenches. 1. Root growth and dry matter partitioning. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 7, 127-131.