Effect of harvesting time on fruit weight, oil accumulation and productivity of some olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) in Tarrom region (Zanjan province)

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors

1 University of Zanjan

2 Zanjan Agriculture Reasearch Center

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effect of harvest time on fruit weight, oil content and fruit bearing in the next year in some cultivars of olive (Conservalea, Amygdalolia, Karidolia, Koroneiki, Arbequina, Zard and Rouwghani), an experiment was performed as a split plot in time based on CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with three replications at olive research station (Tarrom–Zanjan) during 2013 and 2014. Results showed that among the cultivars, Amygdalolia had the most (number of inflorescence and flower per branch, fruit weight and oil content). Also, highest percentage of complete flower formation, initial fruit set and final fruit set were obtained in cv. Arbequina. According to the effect of harvest time, the most fruit weight was observed at the third harvest. Fruit oil content reached its maximum level at fifth harvest time. Effect of harvest time on flowering and fruit set in the next year, indicated that the highest number of inflorescence and flower per branch as well as maximum percentage of complete flower formation, initial fruit set and final fruit set were obtained at the fourth , second  and the third harvest time, respectively. Interaction between harvest time and cultivar on fruit fresh weight, oil percentage, inflorescence number, flower number per branch , complete flower formation percentage , initial and final fruit set were significant (p≤%1). Due to evaluated traits, the best olive fruit harvesting time to prepare canned and oil extraction should be late September and late October respectively.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Balatsouras, G., Papoutsis, G. & Papamichael-Balatsoura, V. (1988). Changes in olive fruits of konservolea during development viewed from the stand point of green and black pickling olive. Olive, 19, 43-55.
  2. Belaj, A., Satovic, Z., Cipriani, G., Baldoni, L., Testolin, R., Rallo, L. & Trujillo, I. (2003). Comparative study of the discriminating capacity of RAPD, AFLP and SSR markers and of their effectiveness in establishing genetic relationships in olive. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 107(4), 736-744.
  3. Beltran, G., del Rio, C., Sanchez, S. & Martinez, L. (2004). Seasonal changes in olive fruit characteristics and oil accumulation during ripening process. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 84(13), 1783-1790.
  4. Cuevas, J., Diaz-Hermoso, A. J., Galian, D., Hueso, J.J., Pinillos, V., Sola, D. & Polito, V. S. (2001). Response to cross pollination and choice of pollinisers for the olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) ‘Manzanilla de Sevilla’, ‘Hojiblanca’ and ‘Picual’. Olivae, 85, 26-32.
  5. Dag, A., Kerem, Z., Yogev, N., Zipori, I., Lavee, S. & Ben-David, E. (2011). Influence of time of harvest and maturity index on olive oil yield and quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 127(3), 358-366.
  6. Darvishiyan, M. (1997). Olive. Agricultural Education Press, Tehran, Iran. 250 pp. (in Farsi)
  7. Desouky, I.M., Haggag, L.F., Abd El-Migeed, M.M.M., Kishk, Y.F.M.K. & El-Hadi, E.S. (2009). Effect of boron and calcium nutrients sprays on fruit set, oil content and oil quality of some olive oil cultivars. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5, 180-185.
  8. Ebert, A. & Bangerth, F. (1981). Relations between the concentration of diffusible and extractable gibberellin-like substances and the alternate bearing behavior in apple asaffected by chemical fruit thinning. Scientia Horticulturae, 15, 45-52.
  9. Ferguson, L., Rosa, U.A., Castro-Garcia, S., Lee, S.M., Guinard, J.X., Burns, J., Krueger, W.H., O’Connell1, N.V. & Glozer, K. (2010). Mechanical harvesting of California table and oil olives. Advances in Horticaltural Science, 24(1), 53-63.
  10. Fernandez-Escobar, R., Benlloch, M., Navarro, C. & Martin, G.C. (1992). The time of floral induction in the olive. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 117(2), 304-307.
  11. Ghrisi, N., Boulouha, B. B., enichou, M. & Hilalis, S. (1999). Agro-physiological evalution of the phenomenon of polen compatibility in olive: case of the Mediterranean collection at the Menera Station, Marrakesh. Olive, 79, 51-59.
  12. Hartman, H. T. (1951). Time of floral differentiation of the olive in California. Botanical Gazette. 112, 323-327.
  13. Lavee, S. (1986). CRC Handbook of Fruit Set and Development. Boca Raton, Florida. PP. 261-276.
  14. Lavee, S. (1996). World Olive Encyclopedia. International olive oil council principal de verger. 154.
  15. Lavee, S. & Wodner, M. (2004). The effect of yield, harvest time and fruit size on the oil content in fruits of irrigated olive trees (Olea europaea L.), cvs. Barnea and Manzanillo. Scientia Horticulturae, 99(3), 267-277.
  16. Lavee, S. (2006). The present Israeil olive industry, its dynamics, achivments, problems and the R and D involved. Proceedings Secound International Seminar Olive, 73-88pp.
  17. Luque de Castro, M. D. & Garcia-Ayuso, L. E. (1998). Soxhlet extraction of solid materials: an outdated technique with a promising innovative future. Analytica chimica acta, 369(1), 1-10.
  18. Malek, F. (2006). Olive oil (chemistry and technology). Iran University Press. 201pp. (in Farsi)
  19. Martin, G. C. & Sibbett, G. S.  (2005). 'Botany of the olive', p. 15-19. In: Sibbett, G.S., Ferguson, L., Coviello, J.L., and Lindstrand, M.(Eds.). Olive Production Manual. University ofCalifornia, Agriculture and Natural Resources,Oakland, California.
  20. Menz, G. & Vriese Koop, F. (2010). Physical and chemical changes during the maturation of Gordal Sevillana olives (Olea europaea L., cv. Gordal Sevillana). Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 58, 4937-4938.
  21. Mohammadi, H. & Vakili, D. (2007). Olive (Planting, Protection, Harvest and Processing). Ndaye Sabz Shomal Publication, Rasht, Iran. 214 pp. (in Farsi)
  22. Mostofi, Y. & Najafi, F. (2005). Laboratory analytical methods for Horticultural Science. Tehran University Press. 136pp. (in Farsi)
  23. Rallo, L., Torreno, P. & Vargas, J.A. (1994). Dormancy and alternate bearing in olive. Acta Horticulturae, 356, 127-136.
  24. Rappport, H.F. & Rallo, L. (1991). Posthan thesis Flower and Fruit abscission in Manzanilla Olive. J. Amer. Society Horticulture Science, 116(4), 720-723.
  25. Ravetti, L. (2008). Guide to efficient olive harvesting. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. ISSN 1440-6845.
  26. Suarez, M. P., Fernandez-Escobar, R. & Rallo, L. (1984). Competition among fruits in olive. II. Influence of inflorescence or fruit thining and cross- pollination on fruit set components and crop efficiency. Acta Horticulturae, 149, 131-143.
  27. Tabatabaei, M. (1995). Olive and its oil. The research fund of olive planting and development publication. Tehran, Iran. 400 pp. (in Farsi)
  28. Torkzaban, B., Ataei, S., Saboora, A., Azimi, M. & Hosseini-Mazinani, M. (2010). Study of variation of some unknown olive genotypes in collection of Tarom Research Station in Iran, applying morphological markers. Iranian Journal of Biology, 4(23), 520-531. (in Farsi)
  29. Wu, S. B., Collins, G. & Sedgley, M. (2002). Sexual compatibility within and between olive cultivar. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 77, 665-673.
  30. Sadeghi, H. (2002). Planting, protection and harvesting of olive. Agricultural Education Press, Jehade Keshavarzi Ministery (Hortucultural Deputy), Tehran, Iran. 414pp. (in Farsi)
  31. Ebert, A. & Bangerth, F. (1981). Relations between the concentration of diffusable and extractable gibberellin-like substances and the alternate-bearing behaviour in apple as affected by chemical fruit thinning. Scientia Horticulturae, 15(1), 45-52.

  32. Sanz‐Cortes, F., Martinez‐Calvo, J., Badenes, M.L., Bleiholder, H., Hack, H., Llacer, G. & Meier, U. (2002). Phenological growth stages of olive trees (Olea europaea). Annals of applied biology, 140(2), 151-157.

Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science
Volume 47, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
September 2016
Pages 265-273

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 15 December 2014
  • Revise Date: 02 February 2015
  • Accept Date: 09 February 2015

Share

How to cite

Statistics