Effect of iron and nitrogen application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of apple “cv. Fuji”

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors

1 Professor and head in Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran Karaj, Iran

2 M.Sc. Student, Post-harvest of horticulture, Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran Karaj, Iran

3 . Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

4 Professor in Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Effect of three different levels of Fe-EDDHA foliar application and soil application of nitrogen on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of apple (cv. Fuji) grafted on Maling-9 was evaluated. This experiment carried out at the experimental field of Tehran University, in 2013. The factorial experiment was carried out as randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that iron application separately increased total phenolic content and dry matter (%) but had no significant effect on other physiochemical parameters. Nitrogen application separately increased fruit firmness, total phenolic content, dry matter, fruit length, peel yellowness and decreased ascorbic acid and peel blush. Interaction effect of iron and nitrogen on the fruit firmness, total phenolic content, ascorbic acid, dry matter, yield, fruit height and peel color parameters like a, b was significant. It can be concluded that, nitrogen application at 60 mg/kg in each tree was suitable for improving the quality indexes for this cultivar but three doses of iron in this study were dilute for improving the quality indexes of the fruit.
 

Keywords


  1.  

    REFERENCES

    1. Abadía, J., Vázquez, S., Rellán-Álvarez, R., El-Jendoubi, H., Abadía, A., Álvarez-Fernández, A. & López-Millán, A. (2011). Towards a knowledge-based correction of iron chlorosis. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 49(5), 471-482.
    2. Àlvarez-Fernàndez, A., Abadía, J. & Abadía, A. (2006). Iron Deficiency, Fruit Yield and Fruit Quality. Iron nutrition in plants and rhizospheric microorganisms (pp. 85-101): Springer.
      1. Arnon, DI. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24, 1–15.
    3. Babalar, M. & Pirmoradian, M. (2008). Trees fruit nutrition (Third ed.). University of Tehran Press. (in Farsi)
    4. Beavers, W., Sams, C., Conway, W. & Brown, G. (1994). Calcium source affects calcium content, firmness, and degree of injury of apples during storage. HortScience, 29(12), 1520-1523.
    5. Biesiada, A. & Kus, A. (2010). The effect of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation on yielding and nutritional status of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). ActaScientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica., Hortorum Cultus, 9(2), 3-12.
    6. Borowski, E. & Michałek, S. (2011). The effect of foliar fertilization of French bean with iron salts and urea on some physiological processes in plants relative to iron uptake and translocation in leaves. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica, 10(2), 183-193.
    7. Bramlage, W.J., Greene, D.W., Autio, W.R. & McLaughlin, J.M. (1980). Effects of aminoethoxyvinylglycine on internal ethylene concentrations and storage of apples. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 105(6), 847-851.
    8. Drake, J., Marshall, H., Dreizler, S., Freeman, P., Fruscione, A., Juda, M. & Wargelin, B. (2002). Nitrogen effects on plants? The Astrophysical Journal, 572(2), 996.
    9. Erdal, I., Kepenek, K. & Kizilgol, I. (2009). Effect of foliar iron applications at different growth stages on iron and some nutrient concentrations in strawberry cultivars. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 28(6), 421-427.
    10. Ernani, P.R. (2008). Química do solo e disponibilidade de nutrientes às plantas. Journal of Lages, 229p. (in France)
    11. Echeverrıa, G., Fuentes, T., Graell, J., Lara, I. & López, M. (2004). Aroma volatile compounds of ‘Fuji’apples in relation to harvest date and cold storage technology: A comparison of two seasons. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 32(1), 29-44.
    12. Fallahi, E., Fallahi, B. & Seyedbagheri, M.M. (2006). Influence of humic substances and nitrogen on yield, fruit quality, and leaf mineral elements of ‘Early Spur Rome’apple. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 29(10), 1819-1833.
    13. Food and Agriculture Organization. (2011). Production: Apple production in FAO. Retrieved January 12, 2012, from http://www.fao.org/Q/QC/E.
    14. Faniadis, D., Drogoudi, PD. & Vasilakakis, M. (2010). Effects of cultivar, orchard elevation, and storage on fruit quality characters of sweet cherry (< i> Prunus avium</i> L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 125(3), 301-304.
    15. Fernández, V., Del Río, V., Abadía, J. & Abadía, A. (2006). Foliar iron fertilization of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch): effects of iron compounds, surfactants and other adjuvants. Plant and Soil, 289(1-2), 239-252.
    16. Kazemi, M. (2013). Effects of Zn, Fe and their Combination Treatments on the growth and yield of tomato. BulletinofEnvironment,PharmacologyandLife Sciences, 3(1), 109-114.
    17. Lata, B. & Przeradzka, M. (2002). Changes of antioxidant content in fruit peel and flesh of selected apple cultivars during storage. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 10, 5-13.
    18. Molassiotis, A., Tanou, G., Diamantidis, G., Patakas, A., Therios, I. (2006). Effects of 4-month Fe deficiency exposure on Fe reduction mechanism, photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant defense in two peach rootstocks differing in Fe deficiency tolerance. Plant Physiology, 163, 176–185.
    19. Ough, C. & Amerine, M. (1988). Phenolic compounds. Methods for analysis of musts and wines, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA.
    20. Pestana, M., Gama, F., Saavedra, T., Correia, PJ., Dandlen, S. & Miguel, MG. (2008). Evaluation of Fe Deficiency Effects on Strawberry Fruit Quality. Paper presented at the VI International Symposium on Mineral Nutrition of Fruit Crops 868.
    21. Raese,T. & Drake, SR. (1997). Nitrogen fertilization and elemental composition affects fruit quality of ‘Fuji’apples. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 20(12), 1797-1809.
    22. Salazar-García, S. (1999). Iron nutrition and deficiency: A review with emphasis in avocado (Persea americana mill.). Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura, 5(2), 67-76.
    23. Schulte, EE. (1992). Soil and applied iron: University of Wisconsin--Extension.
    24. Terry, N. (1980). Limiting factors in photosynthesis I. Use of iron stress to control photochemical capacity in vivo. Plant Physiology, 65(1), 114-120.
    25. Weinbaum, S., Johnson, S. & DeJong, T. (1992). Causes and consequences of overfertilization in orchards. HortTechnology, 2(1), 112-121.
    26. Wrona, D. (2004). Wzrost, owocowanie i zawartosc nw lisciach jabloni ‘Jonagored’ wzaleznosci od jesiennego nawozenia azotem i podkladki. ActaScientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica., Hortorum Cultus, 3(2), 153-160.
    27. Xia, G., Cheng, L., Lakso, A. & Goffinet, M. (2009). Effects of nitrogen supply on source-sink balance and fruit size of ‘Gala’apple trees. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 134(1), 126-133.

    9.       Degman, ES. (1929). Firmness and keeping quality of fruits as affected by nitrogen fertilizers. Paper presented at the American Society for Horticultural Science, 26, 182-186.