Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science

Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science

Determination of chilling and heat requirements of grape cuttings and changes in carbohydrates and hormones during chilling period

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors
Saied Eshghi 1
Mehdi Garazhian 2
1 Associate Professor of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University
2 Student of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University
10.22059/ijhs.2015.55856
Abstract
 
This research was carried out to determine the chilling and heat requirements of grapevine cultivars(Rotabi, Siah Shiraz and Yaguti) and carbohydrate and hormones changes in chilled cuttings. Uniform cuttings of above mentioned cultivars were harvested when leaves were abscised in autumn, and then transferred to refrigerator (2˚C). Cuttingswere subjected to 0 (unchilled control), 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 chilling hours, then cuttings were put in distilled water at room temperature and continues light conditions. Results indicated that the highest bud break percent of ‘Siah Shiraz’, ‘Rotaby’ and ‘Yaguti’ were obtained from 500, 400 and 400 h respectively. The shortest time (29d) to 50% bud break of ‘Siah Shiraz’ was in 500 h(29 d), in ‘Rotabi’ and ‘Yaguti’ were in 400 h (20 and 16d) chilling. Rate of starch content in all cultivars were decreased when chilling exposed hours increased, while soluble carbohydrate content in cuttings increased with increasing chilling hours. Also, with increasing chilling exposed hours, GA, Cytokinin and Auxin contents increased whereas ABA decreased. In conclusion, chilling requirement of ‘Yaguti’, ‘Rotabi’ and‘Siah Shiraz’cultivars were 400, 400, 500 hours and heat requirements were 4320, 5472 and 8064 GDH, respectively.
 
Keywords
Chilling Requirement
Vitis vinifera
Soluble carbohydrate
starch

  1.  

    1. Allona, I., Ramos, A., Ibanez, C., Contreras, A., Casado, R. & Aragoncillo, C. (2008(. Molecular control of winter dormancy establishment in trees. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 6, 201-210.
    2. Andreini, L., Viti, R. & Scalabrelli, G.)2009(. Study on the morphological evolution of bud break in Vitis vinifera. Vitis, 48(4), 153-158.
    3. Anderson, J. V., Chao, W. S. & Horvath,D. P. (2001). A current review on the regulation of dormancy in vegetative buds. Weed Science, 49, 581-589.
    4. Anderson, J. L., Richardson, E. L. & Kesner, C. D. (1986). Validation of chill unit and flower bud phenology models for Montmorency sour cherry. Acta Horticulturae, 184, 71-78.
    5. Antonio, M., Martinez, T. & Antonio, J. (2009). Metabolic activity of low chilling grapevine buds forced to break. Thermochimica Acta, 481, 28-31.
    6. Arora, R. & Tanino, K. (2003). Induction and release of bud dormancy in woody perennials: a science comes of age. Hort Science, 38, 911-921.
    7. Aysel, S. (2006). Seasonal changes of total carbohydrate contents in three varieties of apple (Malussylvestris Miller) stem cuttings. Science Horticulture, 109, 234-237.
    8. Barbarox, C. & Breda, N. (2002). Contrasting distribution and seasonal dynamics of carbohydrate reserves in stem wood of adult ring-porous sessile oak and diffuse-porous beech trees. Tree Physiology, 22, 1201-1210.
    9. Bhowmik, P. K. & Matsui,T. (2003). Carbohydrate status and sucrose metabolism in Asparagus roots over an extended harvest season. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 2 (12), 891-893.
    10. Bonhomme, M., Regeau, R., Lacointe, A. & Gendraud, M. (2005). Influences of cold deprivation during dormancy on carbohydrate contents of vegetative and floral primordia and nearby structures of peach buds (Prunus persica L. Batch). Scientia Horticulturae, 105, 223-240.
    11. Boonprakob, U. & Byrne, D. H. (2005). Breeding low chill stone fruit in Thailand. Aciat Technical Report, 61, 39-42.
    12. Byrne, D. H. (2005). Trends and progress of low chill stone fruit breeding. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, (ACIAR), 61, 5-12.
    13. Cadman, C.S.C., Toorop, P.E., Hilbirst,H.W.M. & Finch-Savage,W.E. (2006). Gene expression profiles of Arabidopsis Cvi seed during cycling through dormant and non-dormant states indicate a common underlying dormancy control mechanism. Plant Journal, 46, 805-822.
    14. Chinnasamy, G. & Bal, A. K. (2003). Seasonal changes in carbohydrates of perennial root nodules of beach pea. Journal of Plant Physioogyl, 160 (10), 1185-1192.
    15. Citadin, I., Raseira, M.C.B., Herter, F.G. & Dasilva, J.B. (2001). Heat requirement for blooming and leafing in peach. HortScience, 36, 305-307.
    16. Corrales-Maldonado, C., Martinez-Tellez, M. A., Gardea, A. A., Orozco-Avitia, A. & Vargas-Arispuro, I. (2010). Organic alternative for breaking dormancy in table grapes grown in hot regions. American Journal of Agricultural Biology and Science, 5 (2), 194-198.
    17. Cox, S. & Stushnoff, E. C. (2001). Temperature related shifts in soluble carbohydrate content during dormancy and cold acclimation in populustremuloides. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 31 (4), 730-737.
    18. El-Agamy, S. Z., Mohamed, A. K. A., Mostafa, F. M. A. & Abdallah, A. Y. (2001). Chilling and heat requirements for bud break and fruiting of Anna and Dorsett Golden apple cultivars under warm climatic conditions. Acta Horticulturae, 565, 103-108.
    19. Egea, J., Ortega, E., Martınez-Gomez, P. & Dicenta, F. (2003).Chilling and heat requirements of almond cultivars for flowering. Environment and Experimental Botany, 50, 79-85.
    20. Ergun, N., Topcuoulu, F. &Yildiz, A. (2002). Auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid), gibberellic acid (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinin (zeatin) production by some species of mosses and lichens. Turkish Journal of Botany, 26, 13-18.
    21. Fennel, A. & Line, M.J. (2001). Identifying differential tissue response in grape (Vitis riparia) during induction Endodormancy using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 126, 681-688.
    22. Finkelstein, R., Reeves, W., Ariizumi, T. & Steber, C. (2008). Molecular aspects of seed dormancy. Plant Biology, 59, 387-415.
    23. Francisco, J., Orme, J. & Reynaert, B. (2008). Use of the dynamic model for the assessment of winter chilling in a temperate and a subtropical climatic zone of Chile. Chilen Journal of Agricultural Research, 68, 198-206.
    24. Horvath, D., Chao, W. S., Suttle, J. C., Thimmapuram, J. & Anderson, J. A. (2008). Transcriptome analysis identifies novel responses and potential regulatory genes involved in seasonal dormancy transitions of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). BMC Genomics, 9, 536.
    25. Jalili-Marandi, R. (2002). Investigation on different rest periods and chilling requirement of some grapevine cultivars. Journal of Research in Agricultural Science, 2(1), 14-21. (in Farsi)
    26. Kavoosi, B., Eshghi, S., Tafazoli, E. & Rahemi, M. (2008). Determination of chilling requirement in ‘Askari’ grapevine. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology, 9(3), 153-162. (in Farsi)
    27. Kovacs, L., Byers, G., Kaps, P. L. & Saenz, M. L. J. (2003). Dormancy, cold hardiness and spring frost hazard in Vitis amurensishybrids under continental climatic conditions. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 54, 8-14.
    28. Kucera, B., Cohn, M. A. & Leubner-Metzger, G. (2005). Plant hormone interactions during seed dormancy release and germination. Seed Science Research, 15, 281-307.
    29. Lombard, P., Cook, N. C. & Bellstedt, D. U. (2006). Endogenous cytokinin levels of table grape vines during spring budburst as influenced by hydrogen cyanamide application and pruning. Scientia Horticulturae, 109, 92-96.
    30. Luedeling, E., Zhang, M., McGranahan, G. & Leslie, C. (2009). Validation of winter chill models using historic record of walnut phenology. Agricultural For Meteorol, 149, 1854-1864.
    31. Mathiason, K., He, D., Grimplet, J. &Venkateswari, J. (2008). Transcript profiling in Vitis riparia during chilling requirement fulfillment reveals coordination of gene expression patterns with optimized bud break. Funct. Integr. Genomic, 1, 1-16.
    32. Mazzitelli, L., Hancock, R. D., Haupt, S., Walker, P. G., Pont, S. D. A., McNicol, J., Cardle, L., Morris, J., Viola, R., Brennan, R., Hedley, P. E. & Taylor, M. A. (2007). Co-ordinated gene expression during phases of dormancy release in raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) buds. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58, 1035-1045.
    33. Mohamad, A. K. A. & El-Sese, A. M. (2004). Effect of some chemical compounds and growth regulators on regularity of bud break, flowering and fruiting of Red Roomy grapevines (Vitis vinifera L). Assiut Journal of Agricultural Science, 35 (2), 165-181.
    34. Mostafa, E. A. M. & Saleh, M. M. S. (2006). Influence of Spraying with Gibberellic Acid on Behaviour of Anna Apple Trees. Journal of Applied Science Research, 2(8), 477-483.
    35. Ranaga, S. (1977). Manual for analysis of fruit and vegetable product. Tate Mcgraw Hill co. Pvt. Ltd New Delhi. Page, 20-21.
    36. Reinoso, H., Luna, V., Dauria, C., Pharis, R. P. & Bottini, R. (2002). Dormancy in peach (Prunus persica) flower buds. VI. Effects of gibberellins and an acylcyclohexanedione (trinexapac-ethyl) on bud morphogenesis in field experiments with orchard trees and on cuttings. Canadian Journal of Botany, 80, 664-674.
    37. Richardson, E. A., Seeley, S. D. & Walker, D. R. (1974). A model for estimating the completion of rest for “Redhaven” and “Elberta” peach trees. Hort Science, 1, 331-332.
    38. Ruiz, D. J., Antonio, C. & Egea, J. E. (2007). Chilling and heat requirements of apricot cultivars for flowering. Environmental and Experimental Botanic, 61, 254-263.
    39. Ruonala, R., Rinne, P. L. H., Bangour, M., Moritz, T., Tuominen, H. & Kangasjarvi, J. (2006). Transitions in the functioning of the shoot apical meristem in birch (Betulapendula) involve ethylene. Plant Journal, 46, 628-640.
    40. Ruttink, T., Arend, M., Morreel, K., Storme, V., Rombauts, S., Bhalerao, R., Boerjan, W. & Rohde, A. (2007). A molecular timetable for apical bud formation and dormancy induction in poplar. Plant Cell, 19, 2370-2390.
    41. Shimizu-Sato, S. & Mori, H. (2002).Control of outgrowth and dormancy in axillary buds. American Society of Plant Biology, 127, 1405-1413.
    42. Terence, R. B., Dunst, M. & Joy,P. (2002). Seasonal dry matter, starch, and nutrient distribution in ‘Concord’ grapevine roots. HortScience, 37(2), 313-316.
    43. Umberto, A., Camargo, J., Dimas, G., Maia, P. & Ritschel, S. (2006). Grapevine breeding for tropical and subtropical environments in Brazil. Embrapa Grape and Wine. Caixa Postal 130–CEP 95700-000 Bento Goncalves, RS, Brazil.1-5.
    44. Wheeler, S. F. (2006). The role of abscisic acid in grape berry development. A thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of Philosophy at the University of Adelaide. 1-3.
    45. Zapata, C., Deleensb, E., Chaillouc, S. & Magned, C. (2004). Partitioning and mobilization of starch and N reserves in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Plant Physiology, 161, 1031-1040.
Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science
Volume 46, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
Autumn 2015
Pages 345-356

  • Receive Date 05 May 2014
  • Revise Date 23 November 2013
  • Accept Date 04 October 2014