The evaluation of physiological and biochemical traits of olive trees cvs. Zard and ‎Direh under heat stress

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors

1 Ph. D. Cadidate and , Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education ‎and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

The physiological and biochemical traits of 12-year-old olive trees cvs. Zard and Direh were studied in response to thermal fluctuations during growing seasons in Tarom region (Zanjan province, NW of Iran) for two successive years 2017-2018. The experiment was carried out as split plots in time based on complete randomized block design (cultivar as main plot and time as sub-treatment). The sampling and data recording were performed during four different time including; May, July, August and September correspond to the 28, 45, 44 and 36 °C, respectively. The results showed that the photosynthesis rate of cv. Direh during stressful high temperature conditions at July, and in compare to May decreased two times more than cv. Zard. Cultivar Zard, in spite of its high photosynthesis rate, showed lower amount of cumulative shoot growth and dry weight, which was mainly due to the large amount of fruit yield efficiency in this cultivar. The proline accumulation in leaf tissue of ‘Direh’ failed to play a constructive role in developing higher heat stress tolerance in this cultivar. The soluble carbohydrates concentration in ‘Zard’ was higher than ‘Direh’ during all period of study. In general, cv. Zard had more tolerance to increased heat stress during growth season.

Keywords


  1. Ajamgerd, F. & Zeinanloo, A. A. (2013). Comparison of quantitative and qualitative yield of olive cultivars in north of khuzestan province, Iran. Journal of Seed and Plant Improvement, 29-1 (3), 567-579.
  2. Agricultural statistic. 2017. Bureau of Statistics and Information Technology of Agricultural-e-Jihad Ministry. Available at: http://www.dpe.maj.ir. Updated at 2019.
  3. Angelopoulos, A., Dichio, B. & Xiloyannis. (1996). Inhibition of photosynthesis in olive trees (Olea europaea L.) during water stress and rewatering. Journal of Experimental Botany, 47(301), 1093-1100.
  4. Araus, J. L., Amaro, T., Voltas, J., Nakkoul, H. & Nachit, M. M. (2000). Chlorophyll fluorescence as a selection criterion for grain yield in durum wheat under mediterrnean conditions. Field Crops Reasearch, 55, 209-223.
  5. Bates, L. S., Waldern, R. P. & Tear, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39, 205-208.
  6. Bita, C. & Gerates, T. (2013). Plant tolerance to high temperature in a changing environment: scientific fundamentals and production of heat stress-tolerant crops. Frontiers in Plant Science, 4,1-18.
  7. Camejo, D., Rodriguez, P., Morales, M. A., Dell’Amiico, J. M., Torrecillas, A. & Alarcon, J. J. (2005). High temperature effects on photosynthetic activity of two tomato cultivars with different heat susceptibility. Journal of Plant Physiology, 162, 281-289.
  8. Chartzoulakis, K., Bosabalidis, A., Patakas, A. & Vemmos, S. (2000). Effects of water stress on water relations, gas exchange and leaf structure of olive tree. Acta Hortculturae, 537, 241-247.
  9. Cui, L., Li, J., Fan, Y., Xu, S. & Zhang, Zh. (2006). High temperature effects on photosynthesis, PSII functionally and anti-oxidant activity of two Festuca arundinacea cultivars with different heat susceptibility. Botanical Studies, 47, 61-69.
  10. Flexas, J. & Medrano, H. (2002). Drought inhibition of photosynthesis in C3 plants: Stomatal and non stomatal limitation revisited. Annals of Botany, 89, 183-189.
  11. Gholami, R. & Zahedi, S. M. (2019). Identifying superior drought-tolerant olive genotypes and their biochemical and some physiological responses to various irrigation levels. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 42(17), 2057-2069.
  12. Grisafi, F., Bonafede, E., Vecchia, F. F. & Rascio, N. (2004). Some morphological, anatomical, physiological responses of different olive cultivars to high temperatures and drought stress. Acta Botanica Gallica, 151(3), 241- 253.
  13. Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K. & Alam, M. M. (2013). Communities of fungal entophytes in tropical forest grasses: highly diverse host and habitat generalists characterized by strong spatial structure. Fungal Ecology, 8, 1-11.
  14. Haworth, M., Marino, G., Brunetti, C., Killi, D., Del Carlo, A. & Centritto, M. (2018). The impact of heat stress and water deficit on the photosynthetic and stoatal physiology of Olive (Olea europaea L)-A case study of the 2017 heat wave. Plants, 7(76), 1-13.
  15. Hu, L. X., Hu, T., Zhang, X., Pang, H. & Fu, J. M. (2012). Exogenous glycine betaine ameliorates the adverse effect of salt stress on perennial ryegrass. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 137, 38-46.
  16. Fields, B. C., Barros, V., Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Dokken, D. J., Ebi, K. L. & Midgley, P. M. (2012). Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation (ed). A special report of working groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,UK. 582 pp.
  17. Irigoyen, J. J., Emerich, D. W. & Sanchez-Diaze, M. (1992). Water stress induced changes in concentration of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalafa (Medicao sativa) plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 84, 55-60.
  18. Kandel, T. P., Wu, Y. & Kakani, V. G. (2013). Growth and yield responses of switchgrass ecotypes to temperature. American Journal Plant Science, 4, 1173-1180.
  19. Kangjing, L., Xueren, W. & Naiyuan, W. (1999). Analysis of genotype × environment interaction effects on canopy leaf areas and specific leaf weight in rice. Journal of Fujian Agricultural University, 28, 396-401.
  20. Khaleghi, E., Arzani, K., Moallemi, N. & Barzegar, M. (2012). Evaluation of chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and relations between chlorophyll a, b and chlorophyll content index and water stress in Olea europaea cv. Dezful. World Academy of Science, Engeenering and Technology, 68, 1154-1157.
  21. Kingston-Smith, A. H., Harbinson, J., Williams, J. & Foyer, C. H. (1997). Effect of chilling on carbon assimilation, enzyme activation and photosynthetic electro transport in the absence of photoinhibition in maize leaves. Plant Physiology, 114, 1039-1046.
  22. Lang-Mledek, C., Popova, O., Kiok, K., Berlinger, M. Rakik, B. & Aufsatz, W. (2010). Transgenerational inheritance and resetting of stress-induced loss of epigenetic gene silencing in Arabidopsis. Molcular Plant, 3 (3), 594-602.
  23. Li, Y., Douglas, A. J., SU, Y., CUI, J. & Zhang, T. (2005). Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of plants growing in sand dunes. Botanical Bulletin Academia Sinica, 46, 127-134.
  24. Lichtenthaler, H. K. (1987). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology, 148, 350-382.
  25. Lichtenthaler, H. K., Kuhn, G., Prenzel, U., Buschmann, C. & Meier, D. (1982). Adaptation of chloroplast-ultrastructure and chlorophyll-protein levels to high light and low light conditions. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung, 37, 464-75.
  26. Liu, X. & Huang, B. (2000). Carbohydrate accumulation in relation to heat stress in two creeping bentgrass cultivars. Journal of American Horticutural Science, 125(4), 442-447.
  27. Luque de Castro, M. D. & Gacia-Ayuso, L. E. (1998). Soxhlet extraction of solid materials: an outdated technique with a promising innovative future. Analytica Chimica Acta, 369(1), 1-10.
  28. Mohammadi, H., Zeinanloo, A. A. & Rovshan, A. A. (2008). Thermo adaptation modeling of olive (Olea europaea L.) in Iran. Geographic Researches, 64, 37-51. (In Farsi).
  29. Moharrami, R., Rabie, V., Amiri, M. E. & Azimi, M. R. (2011). Rootstock Effects on some Charateristics of Apple cv. Delbarstival. Journal of Seed and plant improvement, 1-27 (3), 323-337. (In Farsi)
  30. Omidi, M., Khandan Mirkohi, A., Kafi, M. & Zamani, Z. (2018). Effect of salinity stress on some morphology and physiology indices of Damask rose Kashan genotype. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 51 (1), 1-17. (In Farsi).
  31. Penning, F. W. T., Jansen, D. M., Berge, H. F. M. & Bakema, A. (1991). Simulation of ecophysiological processes of growth in several annual crops. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation (PUDOC), 36(2), 244-258.
  32. Putink-Delc, M., Maksimovic, I., Djoric, E. & Nagl, N. (2010). Analysis of statical transformations of row data describing free proline concentration in sugar beet exposed to drought. Matica Srpska Proceedings for Natural Sciences, Novi Sad, 119, 7-16.
  33. Pyatygin, S. S. (2008). Stress in plants: a physiological approach. Journal of Common Biology, 69(4), 294-298.
  34. Qin, F., Shinozaki, K. & Yamaguchi-Shinizoki, K. (2011). Achievements and challenges in understanding plant abiotic stress responses and tolerance. Plant Cell Physiology, 52, 1569-1582.
  35. Rahnama, A. (2008). Plant physiology. (3rd ed.). Pooran Pazhoohesh. (In Farsi).
  36. Reich, P. B., Walters, M. B. & Ellsworth, D. S. (1997). From tropics to tundra: global convergence in plant functioning. Proceeding of National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 94, 13730-13734.
  37. Roitsch, T. & Gonzalez, M. C. (2004). Function and regulation of plant invertases: sweet sensation. Trends Plant, 9, 606-613.
  38. Sgobba, A., Paradiso, A., Dipierro, S., De Gava, L. & Pinto, C.(2015). Changes in antioxidants are critical in determining cell responses to short- and long-term heat stress. Physiologia Plantarum, 153(1), 68-78.
  39. Shahi, A., Fatahi, M. R., Zamani, Z. & Maali-Amiri, R. (2018). Study of physiological and biochemical responses of some hazelnut cultivars under drought stress and re-watering conditions. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 51 (1), 229-244. (In Farsi).
  40. Slattery, R. A., Vanloocke, A., Bernacchi, C. J., Zhu, X. G. & Ort, D. R. (2017). Photosynthesis, light use efficiency and yield of reduced-chlorophyll soybean mutants in field conditions. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8 (549), 1-19.
  41. Song, Y., Chen, Q., Ci, Dong., Shao, X. & Zhang, D. (2014). Effects of high temperature on phytosynthesis and related gene expression in popular. BMC Plant Biology, 14(111), 1-20.
  42. Stafne, E. T., Clark, J. R. & Rom, C. R. (2001). Leaf gas exchange response of ‘Araphao’ blackberry’ and six red raspberry cultivars to moderate and high temperatures. HortScience, 36, 880-883.
  43. Vollenweider, P. & Gunthard-Goerg, M. S. (2005). Diagnosis of abiotic and biotic stress factors using the visible symptoms in foliage. Environmental Pollution, 137, 455-465.
  44. Wahid, A, Gelani, S., Ashraf, M. & Foolad, M. R. (2007). Heat tolerance in plants: An overview. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 61, 199-223.
  45. Zeinanloo, A. A., Arji, I., Taslimpoor, M. R., Ramezani Malekverdi, M. & Azimi, M. (2015). The effects of cultivar and climate on fatty acids compounds of olive (Olea europea L.) oil. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 46(2), 233-242. (In Farsi).
  46. Zeinanloo, A. A., Mostafavi, K. & Abdollahi, A. (2014). Evaluation of vegetative and pomological characteristics of 145 olive geenotypes at Iranian native olive collection. (Final report R-1091594). Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization. 239 pp. (In Farsi).
  47. Zhao, X., Nishimura, Y., Fukumoto, Y. & Li, J. (2011). Effect of high temperature on active oxygen species, senescence and photosynthetic properties in cucumber leaves. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 70, 212-216.