Morphological, physiological and biochemical changes of young plants of some olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) under drought stress conditions

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors

1 Ph. D. Candidate, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Horticulture and Crops Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehan, Karaj, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of drought on some of the olive cultivars, a pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in Gilan-Gharb city of Kermanshah Province in pot condition during 2015. The treatments consisted of three irrigation levels of 100 (control), 75 and 50% field capacity, and three olive cultivars (Zard, Amigdalolia and Konservolia). The results showed that vegetative growth such as plant height, Leaf number, leaf area and root length were significantly affected by water stress depending on the cultivar. Peroxidase and catalase enzymes activity were significantly different between cultivars under water stress. The highest levels of peroxidase and catalase activity were observed in Konservolia cultivar and 50% irrigation treatments. The amount of phenol increased under water stress. Zard, Amigdalolia and Konservolia had the highest levels of phenol under stress treatments in compare to the control plants, respectively. The amount of malondialdehyde in different treatments was significantly affected by drought stress. The highest amount of malondialdehyde was observed in irrigation treatments of 50% in Zard cultivar with about 57% compared to control plants. Generally, according to the response of cultivars, they differed in drought stress, and each showed a specific response. Vegetative growth under conditions of drought stress was higher in Zard, Konservolia and Amigdalolia cultivars, respectively. Zard variety was superior in terms of phenol content and peroxidase and catalase activity, while Konservolia had the highest sugar content.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Aebi, H. (1984).  Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, 105, 121-126.
  2. Amin, Z., Moalemi, N. & S. Saadati.  (2014). Effect of water deficit on proline content and activity of antioxidant enzymes among three olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. Journal of  Plant Researches, 27(2), 156-167.
  3. Anon. (1997). Methodology for the secondary characterization of olive varieties held in collections. Project RESGEN-CT (67/97), EU/COI. International Olive Oil Council. 20p.
  4. Arji, I. (2003). Effect of drought stress on physiological, morphological and biochemical characteristics of some olive cultivars. Ph.D. thesis. Faculty of Agriculture  Trarbiat Modares University. Tehran. (in Farsi)
  5. Arji, I., Zeinanloo, A. A., Hajiamiri, A. & Najafi, M. (2012). An investigation into different olive cultivars responses to Sarpole Zehab environmental conditions. The Plant Production, 35(4), 17-28. (in Farsi)
  6. Arzani, K. & Arji, I. (2000). The effect of water stress and deficit irrigation on young potted olive cv. Local-Roghani Roodbar. Acta Horticulturae, 537, 879-885.
  7. Arzani, K. & Yazdani, N. (2008). The influence of drought stress and paclobutrazol on quantitative changes of proteins in olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars `Bladi' and `Mission'. Acta Horticulturae, 791, 527-530.
  8. Bacelar, E. A., Santos, D. L., Moutinho- Pereira, J. M., Goncalves, B. C., Ferreira, H. F. & Correia, C. M. (2006). Immediate responses and adaptative strategies of three olive cultivars under contrasting water availability regimes: Changes on structure and chemical composition of foliage and oxidative damage.  Plant Science, 9, 596-605.
  9. Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. & Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39, 205-207.
  10. Ben Ahmed, C., Ben Rouina, B., Sensoy, S., Boukhris, M. & Ben Abdallah, F. (2009). Changes in gas exchange, proline accumulation and antioxidative enzyme activities in three olive cultivars under contrasting water availability regimes. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 7, 345-352.
  11. Bosabalidis, A. M. & Kofidis, G. (2002). Comparative effects of drought stress on leaf anatomy of two olive cultivars. Plant Science, 163, 375-379.
  12. Buysse, J. & Merckx, R. (1993). An improved colorimetric method to quantify sugar content of plant tissue. Journal of Experimental Botany, 44(267), 1627-1629.
  13. Boughalleb, F. & Mhamdi, M. (2011). Possible involvement of proline and the antioxidant defense systems in drought tolerance of three olive cultivars grown under increasing water deficit regimes. Agricultural Journal, 6(6), 371-391.
  14. Celano, G., Dichio, B., Montanaro, G., Nuzzo, V., Palese, A. M. & Xiloyannis, C. (1997). Distribution of dry matter and amount of mineral elements in irrigated and non-irrigated olive trees. Acta Horticulturae, 474, 381-384.
  15. Chai, T. T., Fadzillah, N. M. Kusnan,M. & Mahmood, M. (2005).Water stress-induced oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in micropropagated banana plantlets. Biologia Plantarum, 49, 153-156.
  16. Chartzoulakis, K., Bosabalidis, A. M., Patakas, A. & Vemmos, S. (2000). Effect of water stress on water relation gas exchange and leaf structure of olive tree. Acta Horticulturae, 537, 241-247.
  17. Di Vaio, C., Marallo, N., Marino, G. & Caruso, T. (2013). Effect of water stress on dry matter accumulation and partitioning in pot-grown olive trees (cv, Leccino and Racioppella). Scientia Horticulturae, 4, 155-159.
  18. Egert, M. & Tevini, M. (2002). Influence of drought on some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress in leaves of chives (Allium schoenoprasum). Environmental and Experimental Botany, 48, 43-49.
  19. Elhami, B., Zaare-Nahandi, F. & Jahanbakhsh-Godehkahriz, S. (2015). Effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on physiological and biological responses of olive (Olea europaea cv. Conservolia) under water stress. International Journal of Biosciences, 6(4), 148-156.
  20. Ennajeh, M. Vadel, A. M., Khemira, H., Ben Mimoun, M. & Hellali, R. (2006). Defense mechanisms against water deficit in two olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars ‘Meski’ and ‘Chemlali’. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 81, 99-104.
  21. Ennajeh, M., Vadel, A. M. & Khemira, H. (2009). Osmoregulation and osmoprotection in the leaf cells of two olive cultivars subjected to severe water deficit. Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 31, 711-721.
  22. Fazeli, F. Ghorbanli, M. & Niknam, V. (2007). Effect of drought on biomass, protein content, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in tow sesame cultivars. Journal of Biologia Plantarum, 51, 98-103.
  23. Fernandez, J. E., Moreno, F., Cabrera, F., Arrue, J. L. & Martin-Aranda, J. (1991). Drip irrigation, soil characteristics and the root distribution and root activity of olive trees. Plant and Soil, 133, 239-251.
  24. Fernandez, J. E., Moreno, F., Giron, I. F. & Blazquez, O. M. (1997). Control of water consumption by the olive tree. Acta Horticulturae, 449, 83-89.
  25. Gholami, R., Arzani, K. & Arji, I. (2004). Effect of different irrigation amounts on vegetative growth of young potted olive (Olea europaea L.) cv.  Manzanillo. In: Abstract book of 5th International Symposium on Olive Growing, 27 Sept-2 Oct., Izmir, Turkey. pp. 210.
  26. Gholami, R., Arji, I. & Gerdakaneh, M. (2013a). Study of irrigation interval and mulch effects on vegetative growth of olive in Kermanshah province. Journal of Horticultural Science, 27(1), 74-81. (in Farsi)
  27. Gholami, R., Arzani, K. & Arji, I. (2013b). Effect of Paclobotrazol (PBZ) and different irrigation amounts on vegetative growth and performance of young olive plants cv. Manzanillo. Journal of Horticultural Science, 26(4), 402-408. (in Farsi)
  28. Gholami, R., Sarikhani, H. & Arji, I. (2016). Effects of deficit irrigation on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of six commercial olive cultivars in field conditions. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 17(1), 39-52.  (in Farsi)
  29. Herzog, V. & Fahimi, H. (1973). Determination of the activity of peroxidase. Annual Biochemistry, 55, 554-562.
  30. Higgs, K. H. & Kelin, B. P. (1990). Respons of apple rootstocks to irrigation in south-east England. Journal of Horticultural Science, 12, 129-141.
  31. Jiang, Y. & Hung, B. (2001).  Drought and heat stress injury to two cool-season turfgrasses in relation to antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Crop Science, 6, 436-442.
  32. Korkmaz, A. Uzunlu, M. & Demirkiran. A. R. (2007). Acetyl salicylic acid alleviates chilling-induced damage in muskmelon plants. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 87, 581-585.
  33. Liu, C., Liu, Y., Guo, K., Fan, D., Li, G., Zheng, Y., Yu, L. & Yang R. (2011). Effect of drought on pigments, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant enzymes in six woody plant species in Karst habitats of southwestern China. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 71, 174-183.
  34. Loumou, A. & Giourga, C. (2003). Olive groves: The life and identity of the Mediterranean. Agriculture and Human Values, 8, 87-95.
  35. Machado, M., Felizardo, C., Fernandes-Silva, A. A., Nunes, F. M. & Barros, A. (2013). Polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity during ripening of olive cv. Cobrançosa under different irrigation regimes. Food Research International, 51, 412-421.
  36. Magliulo, V., dAdria, R., Morelli, G. & Fragnito, F. (1999). Growth traits of five olive cultivars, grown under different irrigation regimes. Acta Horticulturae, 3, 395-398.
  37. Memari, H. R., Tafazoli, E.,  Kamgar-Haghighi, A., Hassanpour,  A. & Yarami, N. (2011). Effects of water stress and cycocel as a growth retardant on growth of two olive cultivars. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Water and Soil Science, 15(55), 1-11.
  38. Nuzzo, V., Xiloyannis, C., Dichio, B., Montonaro, G. & Celano, G. (1997). Growth and yield in irrigated and non- irrigated olive trees cv. Coratina. Acta Horticulturae, 449, 75-82.
  39. Ogbaga, C. C., Stepien, P. and Johnson, G. N. (2014). Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) varieties adopt strongly contrasting strategies in response to drought. Physiologia Plantarum, 152(2), 389-401.
  40. Pérez-Lṕez, D., Ribas, F., Moriana, A., Olmedilla, N. & de Juan, A. (2007). The effect of irrigation schedules on the water relations and growth of a young olive (Olea europaea L.) orchard. Agricultural Water Management, 7, 297-304.
  41. Petridis, A., Therios, I., Samouris, G., Koundouras, S. & Giannakoula, A. (2012). Effect of water deficit on leaf phenolic composition, gas exchange, oxidative damage and antioxidant activity of four Greek olive (Olea europaea L.,) cultivars. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 60, 1-11.
  42. Pierantozzi, P., Torres, M., Bodoira, R. & Maestr, D. (2013). Water relations, biochemical-physiological and yield responses of olive trees Olea europaea L., cvs. Arbequina and Manzanilla under drought stress during the pre-flowering and flowering period. Agricultural Water Management, 125, 13-25.
  43. Rapoport, H. F., Hammami, S. B. M., Martins, P., Perez-Priegoa, O.  & Orgaza, F. (2012). Influence of water deficits at different times during olive tree inflorescence and flower development. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 6, 227- 233.
  44. Rieger, M. (1995). Offsetting effects of reduced root hydraulic conductivity and osmotic adjustment following drought. Tree Physiology, 15, 379-385.
  45. Sikaoui, L., Bouizgaren, A., Karrou, M., Boulal, H., Boulouha, B., Karama, M., Nangia, V. & Oweis, T. (2014). Effect of three irrigation regimes on physiological parameters of new olive orchard under semi-arid conditions of Morocco. In: Abstract book of 7th International Conf. on Water Resources in the Mediterranean Basin, Oct 10-12, Marrakech, Morocco.
  46. Sivritepe, N., Erturk, U., Yerlikaya, C., Turkan, I., Bor, M. & Ozdemir, F. (2008). Response of the cherry rootstock to water stress induced in vitro.  Biologia Plantarum, 52, 573-576.
  47. Shaheen, M. A., Hegazi, A. A. & Hmmam, I. S. A. (2011). Effect of water stress on vegetative characteristics and leaves chemical constituents of some transplants olive cultivars. Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 11(5), 663-670.
  48. Singleton, V. L. & Rossi, J. R. J. A. (1965). Colorimetry ­­of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungastic reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, 144-158.
  49. Snyder, R. L. (2017). Climate change impacts on water use in horticulrue. Horticulturae, 3(27), 1-9.
  50. Sofo, A., Dichio, B., Xiloyannis, C. & Masia, A. (2004). Effects of different irradiance levels on some antioxidant enzymes and on malondialdehyde content during rewatering in olive tree. Plant Science, 166, 293-302.
  51. Sofo A., Dichio, B., Xiloyannis, C. & Masia, A. (2005). Antioxidant defences in olive tree during drought stress: Changes in activity of some antioxidant enzymes. Functional Plant Biology, 32, 45-53.
  52. Stewart, R. R. C. & Bewley, J. D. (1980). Lipid peroxidation ­associated with accelerated aging of soybean axes.  Plant Physiology, 65, 245-248.
  53. Talaie, A. & Shirzad, H. (2003). The effect of water stress on the Iranian local olive cultivars. Acta Horticulturae, 616, 307-312.
  54. Xiloyannis, C., Dichio, B., Nuzzo, V. & Celano, G. (1999). Defense strategies of olive against water stress. Acta Horticulturae, 474, 423-426.
  55. Zarabi, M., Talaei, A., Soleimani, E. & Haddad, R. (2010). The role of physiological and biochemical changes of six olive cultivar exposed to drought stress. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 24 (2), 234-244. (in Farsi)
  56. Yazdani, N., Arzani, K. & Arji, I. (2007). The influence of drought stress and paclobutrazol on quantitative changes of proteins in olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars `Bladi' and `Mission'. Acta Horticulturae, 791, 527-530.
Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science
Volume 50, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
September 2019
Pages 275-286

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 03 October 2017
  • Revise Date: 16 December 2017
  • Accept Date: 16 December 2017

Share

How to cite

Statistics