Evaluation of effect of gibberellins and calcium spray in different growth stages on some qualitative and quantitative traits of sweet pepper

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors

1 Fomer M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In order to improve yield and quality of sweet pepper cv. ‘California Wonder’ in Ilam province, effects of gibberellins (GA3 50 mg/l) or calcium (CaCl2 0.5 percent) spray at beginning or the end of harvesting season (70 and 120 days after transplanting, respectively) were evaluated. Either of the chemicals were sprayed two or three times per growth stage through a factorial assay on the basis of a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Results showed that gibberellic acid and calcium spray increased average yield in plant, weight, length, diameter, volume, texture stiffness, flesh thickness, dry weight, ascorbic acid content, antioxidant activity, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, as well as calcium content of fruits in both growth stages. Gibberellins with three sprays per growth stages performed the highest positive role in improvement of physical properties of fruits. Effect of gibberellins and calcium on all evaluated traits, except fruit density, were significantly higher at the late harvesting stage than early stages. Therefore, gibberellic acid and calcium spray especially at the end of harvesting season may be advised to improve yield and quality of sweet pepper.

Keywords

References

  1. Abel, O., Jordi, G. & Isabel, L. (2011). Preharvest calcium applications inhibit some cell wall-modifying enzyme activities and delay cell wall disassembly at commercial harvest of ‘Fuji Kiku-8_ apples. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 62, 161-167.
  2. Adams, S. (2001). Effect of temperature on the growth and development of tomato fruits. Annals of Botany, 88(5), 869-877.
  3. Batalang, U. (2008). Benzyladenine plus gibberellins increase fruit size and yield in greenhouse-grown hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Biological Science, 8, 652-662.
  4. Babalar, M., Dowlati Baneh, A. & Sherafatian, D. (2009). Effect of CaCl₂ in postharvest on storage quality of two varieties of grape, Iran, Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 7(1), 128-141. (in Farsi)
  5. Belakbir A, Ruiz, J. M. & Romero, L. (1998). Yield and quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in response to Bioregulators. HortScience, 33, 85-87.
  6. Castaneda, P. & Perez, L. (1996). Calcium ions promote the response of Citrus limon against fungal elicitors or wounding. Phytochemistry,42, 595-598. 
  7. Capdeville, G. D, Maffia, L. A, Finger, F. L. & Bastists, U. G. (2003). Gray mold severity and vase life of rose buds after pulsing with citric acid, salicylic acid, calcium sulfate, sucrose and silver thiosulfate. Phytopathology, 28, 380-385.
  8. Chaudhary, B. R., Sharma, M. D., Shakya, S. M. & Gautam, D. M. (2006). Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of chilly (Capsicum annuum L.) at Rampur, Chitwan. Agriculture and Animal Science, 27, 65-68.
  9. Conway, W. S., Sams, C. E. & Hickey, K. D. (2002). Pre-and postharvest calcium treatment to apple fruit and its effect on quality. Acta Horticulturae,182, 594-602.
  10. Daneshvar, M. H. (2009). Vegetables Growing. Shahid Chamran University Press, 462p. (in Farsi)
  11. Garcia, L., Agusti, A., Almola, M., Romero, V. & Guardiola, J. C. (1985). Effect of gibberellic acid on ripening and peel puffing in “Satsuma” mandarin. Scientia Horticulturae, 27, 75-86.
  12. Gross, J., Bazak, H., Blumenfeld, A. & Ben-Arie, R. (1984). Changes in chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments in the peel of “Triumph” persimmon induced by preharvest gibberellin treatment. Scientia Horticulturae, 24, 305-314.
  13. Georgi, O., Ilias, I. & Anastasia, G. (2010). Comparative study on the effects of various plant growth regulators on growth, quality and physiology of (Capsicum annuum L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42, 805-814.
  14. Gerasopoulos, D., Chouliaras, V. & Lionakis, S. (1996). Effect of preharvest calcium chloride sprays on maturity and storability of Hayward kiwifruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 7, 65-72.
  15. Hedden, P. & Phillips, A. (2000). Gibberellin metabolism: new insights revealed by the genes. Trends Plant Sciences, 5, 523-530.
  16. Ho, L. C. (1988). Metabolism and compartmentation of imported sugars in sink organ in relation to sink strength. Plant Physiology, 9, 355-378.
  17. Jones, R. L. & Carbonell, J. (1984). Regulation of the synthesis of barley aleurone α-amylase by gibberellic acid and calcium ions. Plant Physiology, 76, 213-218.
  18. Jordi, W., Stoopen, G. M., Kelepouris, K. & Van der Krieken, W. M. (1995). Gibberellin-induced delay of leaf senescence of Alstroemeria cut flowering stems in not caused by an increase in the endogenous cytokinin content. Plant Growth Regulator,14, 121-127.
  19. Kholdbaryn, B. & Islamzadeh, T. (2006). Mineral Nutrition of Organic Plants, Shiraz Uni. Press, 328 p. (in Farsi)
  20. Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H. (2008). Principles of Plant Nutrition, Isfahan Technology Uni. Press, 354p. (in Farsi).
  21. Lange, T. (1998). Molecular biology of gibberellin synthesis. Plantarum, 204, 409-419.
  22. Ouzounidou G., Papadopoulou, P., Giannakoula, A. & Ilias, I. (2008). Plant growth regulators treatments modulate growth, physiology and quality characteristic of (Cucumis melo L.). Pakistan Botany,40, 1185-1193.
  23. Momenpour, A., Taghavi, T. & Mehrbanian, M. (2010). Effect of application of benzyladenine and gibberellin on stolen production and some vegetative traits in three strawberry cultivars, Iran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 25, 229-245. (in Farsi)
  24. Naeem, N., Ishtiaq, M., Khan, P. & Mohammad, N. (2001). Effect of gibberellic acid on growth and yield of tomato cv. Roma. Online Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(6), 448-450.   
  25. Perucka, I. & Olszowka, K. (2010). Effect of calcium chloride treatment on the level of chlorogenic, ᵦ-carotene, lutein and tocopherols in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Acta Agrobotanica, 64, 65-72.
  26. Saur, M. C. (2005). Calcium translocation to fleshy fruit: its mechanism and endogenous control. Scientia Horticulturae, 105, 65-89.
  27. Shabani, T., Peyvast, Gh. & Olfati, J. (2011). Effect of substrates on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of three varieties of sweet pepper in soilless culture, Iran. Journal of Greenhouse Culture Science and Technology, 25(4), 369-375. (in Farsi)
  28. Uzun, S. (2007). The effect of temperature and mean cumulative daily light intensity on fruiting behavior of greenhouse-grown tomato. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 132(4), 459-466.
  29. Van der Ploeg, A. & Heuvelink, E. (2005). Influence of sub-optimal temperature on tomato growth and yield. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 80(6), 652-659.
  30. Xet, F. (2013). Effects of light intensity on the growth and leaf development of young tomato plants grown under a combination of red and blue light. Scientia Horticulturae, 153, 50-55.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 17 July 2016
  • Revise Date: 22 August 2016
  • Accept Date: 14 September 2016

Share

How to cite

Statistics