Evaluation of some characteristics of morphological, physiological and biochemical of musckmelon (Cucumis melo L. ″Tosabze Saveh″, landrace) in response to grafting and irrigation levels

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors

1 Former Ph.D.Student, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

4 Associate Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI) Karaj, Iran

Abstract

In this study musckmelon landrace of ‘Tosabze Saveh’ was grafted on rootstocks that including ̔Ferro-RZ̕ and ̔Shintozwa̕, also own-rooted and ungrafted plants with three irrigation levels of 100, 80 and 60 percent (based on readily available water depletion) that water were used 5792.21, 4815.20, 3867.60 m3 ha-1 respectively for 84 days after transplanting under field experiment as split plots based on randomized complete block design was carried out in 2014 in Karaj. The analysis of variance of fruit phenol and total soluble solids were demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the rootstocks. The heighest (68.07 percent) and the lowest (59.09 percent) leaf relative water content, were found in ‘Tosabze Saveh’ grafted on ̔Shintozwa̕ and self-grafted respectively. The results showed that with increasing water stress the antioxidant capacity of fruits increased while not significant differences of the amount of vitamin C fruits there. Also it is significant difference in regarding to efficiency of photosystem II was found between the cucurbita rootstocks and control plants. The means comparisons showed that heighest (31.22 ton. ha-1) and the lowest (23.85 ton ha-1) total yield per hectare was recorded in plants that grafted onto ̔Shintozwa̕ and own-rooted respectively. Assessment the contents of mineral elements of leaves showed that the increasing percentage of total nitrogen in melon ̔Tosabze Saveh̕ grafted onto ̔Ferro-RZ̕ and ̔Shintozwa̕ in compared to control (non-grafted) were 18.14 and 19.022 percent respectively.

Keywords

References

  1. Alizadeh, A. (2012). Soil, water, plant relationship. Imam Reza University Press. Pages 615. (in Farsi).
  2. Bahrami Sirmandi, S., Bahrami Sirmandi, H. & Hasanzadeh, R. A. (2013). A complete and pictured guide of vegetable culture and breeding. Sarva Publishers. P, 244.
  3. Baker, N. R. & Rosenqvist, E. (2004). Applications of chlorophyll fluorescence can improve crop production strategies: an examination of future possibilities. Journal Experimental of Botany 55, 607-621.
  4. Bakhshandeh, E. (2009). Problems & solutions for water scarcity in Iran. In: Procedings of the second national conference and strategies to manage the effects of drought. Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Isfahan. (in Farsi)
  5. Baligar, V. C., Fageria, N. K & He, Z. L. (2001). Nutrient use efficiency in plants. Communication in soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32, 921-950.
  6. Bates, L. S., Waldern, R. P. & Tear, I. D. (1973(. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil, 39, 205-207
  7. Brown, P. H., Zhang, Q. & Ferguson, L. (1994). Influence of rootstock on nutrient acquisition by pistachio. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 17, 1137-l 148.
  8. Chouka, A. S. & Jebari, H. (1999). Effect of grafting on watermelon on vegetative and root development, production and fruit quality, Acta Horticulturae, 492, 85-93.
  9. Colla, G. (2014).Vegetable grafting for abiotic stress tolerance: current status and advances through the COST action FAT1204. In: Proceedings of the First international symposium on vegetables grafting, Wuhan, China, 17-21 March 2014.
  10. Crinò, P., Bianco, C. L., Rouphael, Y., Colla, G., Saccardo, F & Paratore, A. (2007). Evaluation of rootstock resistance to fusarium wilt and gummy stem blight and effect on yield and quality of a grafted ‘Inodorus’ melon. HortScience, 42(3), 521-525.
  11. Dettori, S. (1985). Leaf water potential, stomatal resistance and transpiration response to different watering in almond, peach and pixy plum. II International symposium on irrigation of horticultural crops. Acta horticulturae, 171, 253-258.
  12. Dvoralai, W. & Jens R. N. )1999(. Simple stereological procedure to estimate the number and dimensions of root hairs. Plant and Soil, 209, 129-136.                                                               
  13. Edelstein, M., Burger, Y., Horev, C., Porat, A., Meir, A & Cohen, R. (2004a). Assessing the effect of genetic and anatomic variation of cucurbita rootstocks on vigour, survival and yield of grafted melons. Journal of Horticultural Sciences and Biotechnology, 79, 370-374.
  14. Edelstein, M. (2004b). Grafting vegetable crop plants: pros and cons. Acta Horticulturae, 659, 235-238.
  15. Emami, A. (1996). Methods of plant analysis. Agricultural Research and Education Organization. Soil and Water Institute. pp. 130.
  16. Engels, C., Neumann, G., Gahoonia, T. S., George, E. & Schenk, M. (2000). Assessing the ability of roots for nutrient acquisition. In Root Methods: A Handbook. Eds. A. L. Smit, A. G. Bengough, C. Engels, M. van Noordwijk, S. Pellerin & S. C. van de Geijn. pp. 403-459. Springer, Berlin.
  17. Flores, F. B., Sanchez-Bel, P., Estañ, M.T., Martinez-Rodriguez, M. M., Moyano, E. & Morales, B. (2010). The ef-fectiveness of grafting to improve tomato fruit quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 125, 211-217.
  18. Gahoonia, T. S. & Nielsen, N. E.) 1997(. Variation in root hairs of barley cultivars doubled soil phosphorus uptake. Euphytica, 98, 177-182.
  19. Gonzales P. R. & Salas, M. L. (1995). Improvement of the growth, grain yield, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition of grain corn through weed control. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 18, 3313-3324.
  20. Gonzalea, L. & Gonzalez-Vilar, M. (2003). Determination of relative water content. In Handbook of plant ecophysiology techniques, 207-212 (Eds J. Manuel and R.Goger). London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  21. Heidari, N., Eslam, A., Ghadami Firouzabadi, A. & Canoni, A. (2006). Efficiency of crops in different regions of the country. In: Proceedings of the first national conference irrigation and drainage networks. Shahid‌Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz. (in Farsi)
  22. Heuer, B. (1999). Osmoregulatory role of proline in plants exposed to environmental stresses. Handbook of plant and stress. CRC press, second edition. Pages 675-695.
  23. Itoh, S. & Barber, S. (1983). Phosphorus uptake by six plant species as related to root hairs. Agronomy Journal, 75, 457-461.
  24. Jiang, Y. & Huang, N. (2001). Drought and heat stress injury to two cool-season turf grasses in relation to antioxidation metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Crop Science, 41,436-442.
  25. Toru, K. A. T. O. & Huining, L. O. U. (1989). Effects of rootstock on the yield, mineral nutrition and hormone level in xylem sap in eggplant. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 58(2), 345-352.
  26. Kim, S. E. & Lee, J. M. (1989). Effect of rootstocks on the growth and mineral contents in cucumber. Inst. Food Development، Kyung Hee Univ. Suwon، Korea. Rrs. Collection, 10, 75-82.
  27. Kirnak, H., Cengiz, K., Davi, H & Sinan, G. (2001). A long term experiment to study the role of mulches in physiology and macro-nutrition instrawberry grown under water stress. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 52, 937–943.
  28. Krasilnikoff, G., Gahoonia, T.S. & Nielsen, N. E. ) 2003(. Variation in phosphorus uptake efficiency by genotypes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) due to differences in root and root hair length and induced rhizosphere processes. Plant and Soil, 251,83-91.
  29. Lawlor, D. W. & Cornic, G. (2002). Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25, 275-294.
  30. Lee, J. M. (1994). Cultivation of grafted vegetables I. Current status, grafting methods, and benefits. Hort Science, 29, 235–239.
  31. Maleki Kuhbanani, A & Karimi, H. R. (2013). An Evaluation of the Resistance of Pistachio Rootstocks and One Inter-spicific Hybrid, P. atlantica × P. vera cv. ‘Badami- Riz- Zarand’ against Drought Stress. Iranian journal of horticultural science, 44 (1), 81-93. (in Farsi)
  32. Martins, A.L.C., Batagha, O. C., Camargo, O. A. & Contarella, H. (2003(. Corn yield and uptake of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn from sewage sludge-amend soil with and without liming. Revista –Basilica Deciencia, 27, 563-574.
  33. McDonald, S., Prenzlerm P. D., Autolovich, M. & Robards, K. (2001). Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of olive extracts. Food Chemistry, 73, 73-84.
  34. Meloni, D. A., Oliva, M. A., Ruiz, H. A. & Martinez, C. A. (2001). Contribution of proline and inorganic solutes to osmotic adjustment in cotton under salt stress. Plant Nutrition, 24(3), 599- 612.
  35. Miliauskas, G., Venskutonis, P. R. & Van Beek, T. A. (2004). Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Food Chemistry, 85, 231-237.
  36. Mohsenian, Y., Roosta, H. R., Karimi, H. R. & Esmaeilizade, M. (2012). Investigation of the ameliorating effects of eggplant, datura, orange nightshade, local Iranian tobacco, and field tomato as rootstocks on alkali stress in tomato plants. Photosynthetica, 50(3), 411-421.
  37. Morita, S., Okamoto, M., Abe, J & Yamagishi, J. (2000). Bleeding rate of field-grown maize with reference to root system development. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 69, 80-85. (in Japanese with English summary).
  38. Mostofi, Y. & Najafi, F. (2005). Laboratory manual of analytical techniques in horticulture (Translation). Tehran University Press. Page 85. (in Faris)
  39. Nie, L. C. & Chen, G. L. (2000). Study on growth trends and physiological characteristics of grafted watermelon seedlings, Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 9, 100-103.
  40. Proietti, S., Rouphael, Y., Colla, G., Cardarelli, M., De Agazio, M., Zacchini, M., Moscatello, S. & Battistelli, A. )2008(. Fruit quality of mini-watermelon as affected by grafting and irrigation regimes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88, 1107-1114.
  41. Pulgar, G., Villora, G., Moreno, D. A. & Romero, L. (2000). Improving the mineral nutrition in grafted watermelon: Nitrogen metabolism. Plant Biology, 43, 607-609.
  42. Qi, H. Y., Li, T. L., Liu, Y. F & Li, D. )2006(. Effects of grafting on photosynthesis characteristics, yield, and sugar content in melon. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 37, 155-158.
  43. Rahman, M., Rahman Khan, M & Mohammad Mazedul, H. (2007). Analysis of vitamin c (ascorbic acid) contents in various fruits and vegetables by UV-spectrophotometry. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 42(4), 417-424.
  44. Rangana, S. (1997). Mannual for analysis of fruit and vegetable products. Tata McGraw Hill Co.Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp, 73-76.
  45. Richard, G. A., Luis, S. P., Dirk, R. & Martin, S. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration (guidelines for computing crop water requirements). FAO irrigation and drainage paper no. 56. Published by arrangement with the food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. p, 170.
  46. Romero, L. & Choi, S. S. (2002). Effects of rootstocks on the mineral elements contents in leaf of oriental cucuber. Plant Physiology, 53, 85-92.
  47. Rouphael, Y., Cardarelli, M. & Colla, G. (2008). Yield, mineral composition, water relation, and water use efficiency of grafted mini-watermelon plants under deficit irrigation. Horticultural Science, 34(3), 730-736.
  48. Ruiz, J. M., Belakbir, A. & Romero, L. (1996). Foliar level of phosphorus as its bioindicators in cucumis melo grafted plants. A possible effect of rootstocks. Journal of Plant Physiology, 149, 400-404.
  49. Ruiz, J. M., Belakbir, A. & Romero, L. (1997). Leaf- ma cronutrient content and yield in grafting melon plants.A model to evaluate the influence of rootstock genotype. Scientia Horticulturae, 71, 227-234.
  50. Ruiz, J. M. & Romero, L. (1999). Nitrogen efficiency and metabolism in grafted melon plants. Scientia Horticulturae, 81, 113-123.
  51. Salehi, R., Kashi, A., Lee, S. G., Huh, Y. C., Lee, J. M., Bablar, M. & Delshad, M. (2009). Assessing the survival and growth performance of Iranian melon to grafting onto cucurbita rootstocks. Journal of Horticultural Science, 27(1), 1-6. (in Farsi)
  52. Salehi, R., Kashi, A. & Lessani, H. (2004). Effects of different cucurbit rootstocks on growth and yield of greenhouse cucumber cv. Sultan. Iranian Journal of Horticulturae Science and Technology, 5(1), 59-66. (in Farsi)
  53. Schonfeld, M. A., Johnson, R. C., Carver, B. & Morhinweg, D. W. (1988). Water relation in winter heat as drought resistance indicator. Crop Science, 28, 526-531.
  54. Simonne, E. H., Joseph, D. E. & Harris, C. E. (1998). Effects of irrigation and nitrogen rates on foliar mineral composition of bell pepper. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 21, 2545-2555.
  55. Sulc, R. M., Albercht, K. A., Palta, J. P. & Duke, S. H. (1991). Leakage of intracellular substances from alfalfa roots at various subfreezing temperatures. Crop Science, 33, 1575-1578.
  56. Sun, Y., Huang, W., Tian Wu, X. H. Y., Zhou, C. T. & Ding, Q. (2002). Study on growth situation, photosynthetic characteristics and nutrient absorption of grafted cucumber seedlings, Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 8, 181-185, 209.
  57. Tagliavani, M., Bassi, D. & Marangoni, B. (1993). Growth and mineral nutrition of pear rootstocks in lime soils. Scientia Horticulturae,54, 13-22.
  58. Viets, F. G. (1962). Fertilizers and the efficient use of water. Advances in Agronomy, 14, 223-264.
  59. Wu, Q. S. & Zou, Y. N. (2009). Mycorrhizal influence on nutrient uptake of citrus exposed to drought stress. The Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 92(1), 33-38.
  60. Xu, C. Q., Li, T. L. & Qi, H. Y. (2005). Effects of grafting on the photosynthetic characteristics, growth situation, and yield of netted muskmelon. China Watermelon and Melon, 2, 1-3.
  61. Yetisir, H. & Sari, N. (2004). Effect of hypocotyls morphology on survival rate and growth of watermelon seedlings grafted on rootstocks with different emergence performance at various temperatures.  Turkish Journal of Agriculture Forestry, 28, 231-237.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 04 July 2015
  • Revise Date: 25 August 2015
  • Accept Date: 03 October 2015

Share

How to cite

Statistics