Possibility of reducing Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) fruit puffing in East of Mazandaran

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural & Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Soil Science Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Iran

Abstract

Puffing is a physiological disorder in some citrus cultivars which splits pulp from peel and reduces marketing, increases rind damage and reduces shelf life of fruit. To investigate possibility of decreasing puffing, an experiment was performed in randomized complete block design with 11 treatments: 1. control, 2. mono ammonium phosphate, 3. calcium chloride, 4. potassium nitrate, 5. mono ammonium phosphate + potassium nitrate, 6. mono ammonium phosphate + GA3, 7. 2,4-D, 8. Potassium nitrate + 2,4-D, 9. Potassium nitrate + GA3, 10. Potassium nitrate + 2,4-D and 11. 2,4-D + GA3 and 4 replications with mature trees of Satsuma mandarin on sour orange rootstock. Results showed that all treatments caused to increase fruit peel density compared to control. The best treatments in increasing peel density were compound treatments: 8, 10 and 11 and nutritional treatment: mono ammonium phosphate (treatment 2). Also, treatment 2 produced the highest fruit size. The heavier and larger fruits were more puffy. Leaf copper and phosphorus concentration had a respectively positive and negative correlation with puffy fruits number. According to this experiment, it is recommended that at fruit colour break time, phosphorus foliar application should be done, while, the use of copper compound should be reduced as much as possible. 

Keywords

References

  1. Agusti, M., Almela, V. & Guardiola, J.L. (1981). The regulation of fruit cropping in mandarins through the use of growth regulators. In: Proceeding of International Society of Citriculture, pp. 216-220.
  2.  Agusti, M. & Almela, V. (1994). Satsuma mandarin fruit size increased by 2,4-DP. HortScience, 29, 279-281.
  3.  Agusti, M., Martinez-Fuentes, A. & Mesejo, C. (2002). Citrus fruit quality physiological basis and techniques of improvement. Agrociencia, 6, 1-16.
  4. Akhlaghi Amiri, N., Arzani, K. & Ebrahimi, Y. (2002). Application of synthetic auxins, a way to reducing citrus losses. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 3(1-2), 59-66. (in Farsi)
  5. Arzani, K. & Akhlaghi Amiri, N. (2000). Effect of 2,4-D and NAA on fruit size and quality of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) fruit. Iranian Scientific Journal of Seed and Plant, 16 (4), 450-459. (in Farsi)
  6. Erner, Y., Kaplan, Y., Artzi, B. & Hamon, M. (1993). Increasing citrus fruit size using auxins and potassium. Acta Horticulturae, 329, 112–119.
  7. Garcia-Luis, A., Agusti, M., Almela, V., Pomero, E. & Gurdiola, J.L. (1985). Effect of gibberellic acid on ripening and peel puffing in Satsuma mandarin. Scientia Hrticulturae, 27, 75-86.
  8. Gill, P.S., Sighn, S.N. & Dhatt, A.S. (2005). Effect of foliar application of K and N fertilizers on fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 62, 282-284.
  9. Greenberg, J., Hertzano, Y. & Eshel, G. (1992). Effect of 2,4-D, Ethephon and NAA on fruit size of star-ruby red grape fruit. In: Proceeding of 7th Internatuinal Society for Citriculture. pp. 520-523.
  10. Greenberg, J., Kaplan, I., Fainzack, M., Egozi, Y. & Giladi, B. (2006). Effects of auxin sprays on yield, fruit size, splitting and the incidence of creasing of ‘Nova’ mandarin. Acta Horticulturae, 727, 249–254.
  11. Hardy, S. & Treeby, M. (2009). Quick references guide to mineral nutrients for citrus production. NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange.
  12. Jackson, L.K. & Futch, S.H. (2003). Temple Tangor. Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida. HS-181.

6.       Davies, F.S., Campbell, C.A., Zalman, G.R. & Fidelibus, M. (1999). Gibberellic acid application timing effects on juice yield and peel quality of Hamlin oranges. In: Proceeding of Florida State of Horticultural Society, 112, 22-24.

7.       El-hilali, F., Ait-Oubahou, A., Remah, A. & Akhayat, O. (2003). Chilling injury and peroxidise activity changes in Fortune mandarin fruit during low temperature storage. Bulgaria Journal of Plant Physiology, 29(1-2), 44-54.

9.       Fidelibus, M.W., Teixeira, A.A. & Davies, F.S. (2002). Gibberellic acid applied to sweet oranges increases juice yield by reducing peel volume. In: Proceeding of Florida State of Horticultural Society, 115, 243-246.

16.    Jacobus, O.P. (2013). Fruit split and fruit size studies on Citrus. Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79933

17. Kawase, K. & Hirai, M. (1983). Growth, sugar accumulation and puffiness of the mandarin peel during colouring. Journal of Japanese Society of Horticultural Science, 52 (3), 231-237.

18. Kuraoka, T. (1962). Histological studies on the fruit development of the Satsuma orange with special reference to peel-puffing. Memoirs of Ehime University, 8, 106-154.

19.    Kuraoka, T., Iwasaki, K. & Kadoya, K. (1966). Studies on peel puffing and levels of GA like substances and ABA in the peel of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu). In: Proceeding of Japanese Society of Horticultural Science, 43-44.

20.    Lester. G.E., Jifon, J.L. & Makus, D.J. (2010). Impact of potassium nutrition on food quality of fruit and vegetables: A condensed and concise review of the literature. Better Crops, 94 (1), 18-20.

  1. Lovatt, C.J. (1999). Management of foliar fertilization. Terra, 17 (3), 258-264.
  2. Morgan, K.T., Rouse, R.E., Roka, F.M., Futich, S.H. & Zekri, M. (2005). Leaf and fruit mineral content and peel thickness of ‘Hamlin’ Orange. In: Proceeding of Florida State Horticulture Society, 118, 19-21.
  3. Morris, G. (2006). Improving citrus fruit quality using Gibberellic acid (GA). Department of Agriculture and Food, Farmnote 149, the State of Western Australia.
  4. Mudau, F.N., Theron, K.I., Rabe, E. (2005). Rind texture and juice acid content of citrus SPP. As affected by foliar sprays of mono-potassium phosphate (MPP), Urea ammonium phosphate (UAP) and mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP). Stellenbosch University- Scopus Publication (6383).
  5.  Pozo, L., Kender, W.J., Burns, J.K., Hartmond, U. & Grant, A. (2000). Effects of gibberellic acid on ripening and rind puffing in Sunburst mandarin. In: Proceeding of Florida State Horticulture Society, 113, 102-105.
  6. Rastgar, S. & Rahemi, M. (2007). Evaluation of suitable time and concentration of GA3 and Isopropyl ester 2,4-D spraying on increasing of some characteristics of navel orange and Clementine mandarin. Journal of Agricultural and Natural Resources Science and Technology, 11(42), 197-208.
  7. Zekri, M. (2012). Overall report-Egypt assignment- multi county citrus agent- University of Florida (IFAS).

27.    Shah Beig, M.A. (1997). Reducing post harvest losses in citrus fruits by cooling, heat therapy, PE coating and modified atmosphere. Articles for Word Food Day, Ministry of Agriculture publication.

28.    Shi, X., Xu, J., Zhang, L., Fan, G. & Lin, M. (2010). Studies on the peel puffiness and storage of mature fruit in Satsuma mandarin. In: Proceedings of 11th International Citrus Congress, Wuhan, China, pp. 912-914.

 

Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science
Volume 46, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
January 2016
Pages 591-600

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 27 December 2013
  • Revise Date: 20 August 2014
  • Accept Date: 04 September 2014

Share

How to cite

Statistics