Analysis of morphological variation and general combining ability in half sib families of Echinacea purpurea L.

Document Type : Full Paper

Authors

1 Former Ph.D. Student, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran

2 Associate Professor, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Echinacea purpurea L., known collectively as a medicinal species of Asteraceae family, is a perennial herb found in eastern and central United States and southern Canada. Whole parts of the plants, especially their roots contain valuable compounds which are as an immune system booster and blood purifier. Due to Echinacea purpurea L. economical and medical valus, breeding and selection of the superior genotypes for morphological and phytochemical characters is important. To achive the aims, this study were designed to select the best genotypes bassed on evaluation of their progenies in a diverse population. Thus, after land preparation, treated seeds and seedlings of the species were sown on the basis of a simple lattice design with two replications and their phenological stages as well as crop yield and 12 different characters were studied. Analysis of variance of  the collected data revealed that the half-sib families were significantly different (p>0.01) based on the studied characters such as leaf area, flowering commencement, bud number, flower number, plant height, flower diameter, plant fresh and dried weight. According to the results, based on the means and GCA of the studied traits such as leaf area, number of buds and flowers, plant height, plant diameter, the number of branches from the base and dried weight, families of the 93, 72, 92 and 97 were the best, for which by combining their parent seeds to form the next improved population might be optimistic.

Keywords


  1. Aastveit, A. H. & Aastveit, K. (1990). Theory and application of open-pollination and polycross in forage grass breeding. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 79, 618-624.
  2. Abbasi, B. H., Saxena, P. K., Murch, S. J. & Liu, Ch. Z. (2007). Echinacea biotechnology: Challenges and opportunities. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Plant, 43, 481-492.  
  3. AghaAlikhani, M., Iranpour, A. & Naghdi Badi, H. (2013). Changes in agronomical and phytochemical yield of purple coneflower (Echinaceae purpurea (L.) Moench) under urea and three biofertilizers application. Medicinal Plants Journal, 12(46), 121-136.
  4. Annicchiarico, P. (2006). Diversity, genetic structure, distinctness and agronomic value of Italian lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). Euphytica, 148, 269-282.
  5. Aynechi, Y. (1986). Pharmacogynosy and Medicinal Plants of Iran. University of Tehran Press.
    (in Farsi)
  6. Biesiada, A., Oszmianski, J. & Woloszczak, E. (2004). The effect of transplanting date on yield and quality of coneflower roots (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.). Folia Universitatis Agriculturae Stetinensis, Agricultura, 95, 17-20.
  7. Callan, N. W., Yokelson, T., Wall-Maclane, S., Westcott, M. P., Miller, J. B. & Ponder, G. (2005). Seasonal trends and plant density effects on cichoric acid in Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 11, 35-46.
  8. Caruso, T. J. & Gwaltney, J. M. (2005). Treatment of the common cold with Echinacea: a structured review. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 40, 807-810.
  9. Choukan, R. (2008). Methods of genetical analysis of quantitative traits in plant breeding. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. (in Farsi)
  10. Dufault, R. J., Rushing, J., Hassell, R., Shepard, B. M., McCutcheon, G. & Ward, B. (2003). Influence of fertilizer on growth and marker compound of field-grown Echinacea species and feverfew. Scientia Horticulturae, 98, 61-69.
  11. Estilai, A. B., Ehdaie, B., Naqvi, H. H., Dierig, D. A., Ray, D. T. & Thompson, A. E. (1992). Correlations and path analysis of agronomic traits in guayule. Crop Science, 32, 953-957.
  12. Falster, D. S. & Westoby, M. (2003). Plant height and evolutionary games. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 18(7), 337-343.
  13. Fernandez, M. G. S., Becraft, P. W., Yin, Y. & Lubberstedt, T. (2009). From dwarves to giants? Plant height manipulation for biomass yield. Trends in Plant Science, 14(8), 454-461.
  14. Hallauer, A. R. & Miranda, J. B. (1981). Quantitative genetics in maize breeding. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
  15. Hassell, R. L., Dufault, R. & Phillips, T. (2004). Relationship among seed size, source and temperature on germination of Echinacea angustifolia, pallida and purpurea. Acta Horticulturae, 629, 239-243.
  16. Heldt, H. W. & Piechulla, B. (2010). Plant Biochemistry. Academic Press.
  17. Ibrahim, O. E., Nuquist, W. E. & Axtell, J. D. (1985). Quantitative inheritance and correlations of agronomic and grain quality traits of sorghum. Crop Science, 25, 649-654.
  18. Jung, Ch. & Muller, A. E. (2009). Flowering time control and applications in plant breeding. Trends in Plant Science, 14(10), 563-573.
  19. Kreft, S. (2005). Cichoric acid content and biomass production of Echinacea purpurea plants cultivated in Slovenia. Pharmaceutical Biology, 43, 662-665.
  20. Letchamo, W., Polydeonny, L. V., Gladisheva, N. O., Arnason, T. J., Livesey, J. & Awang, D. V. C. (2005). Factors Affecting Echinacea Quality. Trends in New Crops and New Uses, 514-521.
  21. Lin-na, H. (2013). The morphological markers of Different phenotypes Echinacea purpurea. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3, 78-80.
  22. Lothrop, J. E., Atkins, R. E. & Smith, O. S. (1985). Variability for yield and yield components in IAPIR grain sorghum random mating population II. Correlations, estimated gain from selection, and correlated responses to selection. Crop Science, 25, 240-244.
  23. Nguyen, H. T. & Sleper, A. (1983). Theory and application of half-sib matings in forage breeding. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 64, 187-196.
  24. Omidbaigi, R. (2010). Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants (Vol. 1 & 4). Beh Nashr Press. (in Farsi)
  25. Pank, F. (2007). Breeding of Medicinal Plants. In:. O. Kayser, & J. Quax (Eds.), Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, from basic research to industrial applications. (pp. 417-447.) John and Wiley.
  26. Salami, H. & Ansari, V. (2009). The Role of Agriculture in Job Creation and Income Distribution: A path Decomposition Analysis. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 40(3), 1-20. (in Farsi)
  27. Stephens, L. C. (2008). Self-incompatibility in Echinacea purpurea. Hort Science, 43(5), 1350-1354.
  28. Van Gaal, T., Galatowitsch, S. & Strefeler, M. (1998). Ecological consequences of hybridization between a wild species (Echinacea purpurea) and related cultivar (E. purpurea ‘White Swan’). Scientia Horticulturae, 76, 73-88.
  29. Von Braun, J. & Virchow, D. (1996). Economic evaluation of biotechnology and plant diversity in developing countries. Plant Research and Development, 43, 50-61.
  30. Weising, K., Nybon, H., Wolff, K. K. & Gunter, K. (2005). DNA Fingerprinting in Plants, Principle, Methods and Applications. (2nd ed.). CRC Press.
  31. Wink, M. (2010). Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolism (2nd ed.). Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  32. Yavari, A., Nazeri, V., Sefidkon, F. & Hassani, M. E. (2010). Influence of Some Environmental Factors on the Essential Oil Variability of Thymus migricus. Natural Product Communications, 5(6), 943-948.