بررسی تاثیر ویژگی های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک های پوششی مختلف بر صفات کمّی و کیفی قارچ تکمه‌ای (Agaricus bisporus)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.

2 مدیر توسعه و تحقیق شرکت کشت و صنعت نگین فصل، شهرکرد، ایران.

3 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از نهاده­های مهم در تولید قارچ تکمهای، خاک پوششی است که معمولاً از منابع آلی تجدیدناپذیر (مانند پیت) استخراج میشود. به منظور معرفی یک جایگزین مناسب برای پیت و بررسی اثر انواع خاک پوششی برروی ویژگی های کمی و کیفی قارچ تکمهای، این پژوهش اجرا گردید.
این پژوهش در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 20 تیمار و سه تکرار در مقیاس صنعتی در شرکت کشت و صنعت نگین فصل اجرا شد. بر این اساس، با استفاده از مواد جایگزین مختلفی مانند ترکیب کود گاوی، کمپوست قارچ تکمهای مصرف شده SMC))، ورمیکمپوست کود گاوی و ورمیکمپوست SMC در نسبتهای مختلف حجمی با پیت شمال، تیمارهای مختلفی از خاک پوششی تولید شد که در تولید قارچ تکمهای مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. صفات عملکرد تجاری، عملکرد کل، کارایی بیولوژیک، میانگین وزنی، درصد ماده خشک و زودرسی قارچ تحت تیمارهای اعمال شده تعیین شد.
نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت معنیداری از نظر عملکرد، کارایی بیولوژیک، درصد ماده خشک و زودرسی بین تیمارها وجود داشت. بیشترین عملکرد کل (16کیلوگرم بر مترمربع) و کارایی بیولوژیک مربوط به تیمارهای مخلوط پیت شمال و ورمیکمپوست کود گاوی (50 درصد و 50 درصد)، و مخلوط پیت شمال و ورمی-کمپوست SMC (50 درصد و 50 درصد) بود. در تیمارهای کود گاوی (100 درصد)، و مخلوط پیت شمال و کود گاوی (25 درصد و 75 درصد) ریسهدوانی مشاهده نشد. تیمار پیت شمال (100 درصد) با 8/9 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع کمترین عملکرد را داشت.
در مجموع، نتایج نشان داد که جایگزینی ورمیکمپوست کود گاوی و ورمیکمپوست SMC به جای پیت و تیمارهای معمول خاک پوششی منجر به صرفهجویی در هزینه ها و حفظ منابع طبیعی میگردد..

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Physical and Chemical characteristics of Different Casing Soils on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojtaba Jafari Haghighi 1
  • Shoja Ghorbani Dashtaki 1
  • Hamid Kelishadi 2
  • Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi 3
1 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
2 Director of Development and Research of Negin Fasl Agro-Industry Company, Shahrekord, Iran.
3 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Casing soil is an important input in the production of the button mushroom, which is usually prepared from non-renewable organic sources (e.g., peat). In order to introduce a suitable alternative to peat, and also the effect of different casing soils on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of button mushroom this study was carried out.
The reaserch was conducted in a completely randomized design with 20 treatments and three replications on an industrial scale in Negin Fasl Agro-industry Company. In this respect, different alternative materials, such as mixed cow manure, spent mushroom compost (SMC), cow manure vermicompost, and SMC vermicompost in different volume ratios with peat )preaperd from north of Iran, north peat) were utilized to produce different casing soil, which used in the process of button mushroom production. Commercial and total yield traits, biological efficiency, piece weight, dry matter percentage, and mushroom earliness were determined in the applied treatments.
The results showed that there was a significant difference in yield, biological efficiency, dry matter percentage, and earliness traits among the treatments. The highest total yield and biological efficiency were related to the mixture of north peat and cow manure vermicompost (50% and 50%v/v), and the mixture of north peat and SMC vermicompost (50% and 50%v/v), with 16 kg/m2 yield., In cow manure (100%), and the mixture of north peat and cow manure (25% and 75%v/v) treatments no growing mycelial occured. The lowest total yield was achieved from north peat (100%), with 9.8 kg/m2.
Overall, the results showed that replacement of cow manure vermicompost, and SMC vermicompost with peat and conventional casing soil treatments could lead to save the costs, and preservation of natural resources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological efficiency
  • Casing soil
  • relative field capacity
  • Spent mushroom compost
  • Vermicompost

Extended Abstract

Introduction

    Casing soil is an important input in the production of the button mushroom, which is usually prepared from non-renewable organic sources (e.g., peat). In order to introduce a suitable alternative to peat, and also invastigate the effects of different casing soils on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of button mushroom this study was carried out.

 

Materials and Methods

This study was conducted in a completely randomized design with 20 treatments and three replications on an industrial scale in Negin Fasl Agro-industry Company. In this respect, different alternative materials, such as mixed cow manure, spent mushroom compost (SMC), cow manure vermicompost, and SMC vermicompost in different volume ratios (25, 50, 75 and 100%) with peat (prepeared from north of Iran, north peat) were utilized to produce different casing soil treatments were used in the process of button mushroom production. Commercial and total yield traits, biological efficiency, piece weight, dry matter percentage, and mushroom earliness were determined in the applied treatments. In all the statistical analyses, related to piece weight, earliness, and dry matter percentage, the treatments that lacked mycelium growth and had zero yield were excluded. However, in evaluating the characteristics of commercial yield, total yield and biological efficiency, the zero yield of these treatments was considered and all the statistical analyses were done considering these treatments. The comparison of means was done by Duncan's multiple range test with SAS (9-4) statistical software. Casing soil properties were determined as following: soil pHwas measured in saturated paste and EC of saturated paste extract determined with electrical conductivity meter. The amount of organic matter by burning in the furnace, the wet bulk density with a graduated cylinder, particle density with pycnometer, the amount of soil moisture in matric suctions of 0, 10, 50 and 100 hPa were measured with a sand box. Also, porosity (POR), air after irrigation (AIR), easily available water (EAW), water buffering capacity (WBC), water holding capacity(WHC), air capacity (AC), relative field capacity (RFC) were calculated. The obtained data were standardized, then principal component analysis and clustering of treatments were done.

 

Results and Discussion

The results showed that there was a significant difference in yield and biological efficiency, dry matter percentage, and earliness traits among the treatments. The highest total yield and biological efficiency were related to the mixture of north peat and cow manure vermicompost (50% and 50%v/v), and the mixture of north peat and SMC vermicompost (50% and 50%v/v), with 16 kg/m2 yield. In cow manure (100%), and the mixture of north peat and cow manure (25% and 75%v/v) treatments no growing mycelial occured. The lowest total yield was achieved from north peat (100%), with 9.8 kg/m2. The relative field capacity showed a strong positive correlation with the yield of the mushroom. Examining the values of the relative field capacity in the treatments with the maximum total yield indicated that its optimal range lies between 0.81 and 0.84. The maximum yield of the mushroom was produced in the optimal range of total air capacity to total soil porosity (0.16-0.19).

 

Conclusion

      Overall, the results showed that replacing cow manure vermicompost, and SMC vermicompost with peat and conventional casing soil could lead to savings the costs in mushroom productionn, and also preserve natural resources. Considering the importance of balance between water and air in mushroom cultivation, the relative field capacity can be used in investigations related to the characteristics and quality of the casing soil.

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 54، شماره 2
تیر 1402
صفحه 213-233

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 30 بهمن 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 اسفند 1401

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