ارزیابی تنوع ژنتیکی برخی ژنوتیپ‌های منتخب گردو با استفاده از خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و ‏پومولوژیکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 استاد، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

شناسایی و گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های برتر در مناطق مختلف کشور است یک روش اصلاحی سودمند در گردو است. این پژوهش به منظور ارزیابی تنوع ژنتیکی برخی ژنوتیپ‌های منتخب گردو با استفاده از ۱۹ صفت کمی و کیفی مرتبط با خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و پومولوژیکی بر اساس توصیف‌نامه IPGRI )با برخی تغییرات( بر روی ۲۸ ژنوتیپ گردو در سال‌های ۱۳۹۷ و ۱۳۹۸ در ایستگاه تحقیقات گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه تهران صورت گرفت. نتایج بررسی نشان داد که بیشترین درصد مغز (۱۲/۶۹ و ۱۴/۶۷ درصد) به ترتیب متعلق به ژنوتیپ‌های UTW10 و UTW09 بودند. ژنوتیپ‌های UTW05 و UTW07 دیر برگ‌ده‌ترین بودند. ژنوتیپ‌های UTW09 و UTW05 به ترتیب بیشترین وزن مغز با میزان ۰۵/۸ و ۸۷/۷ گرم را دارا بودند. ژنوتیپ‌های UTW22 و UTW05 به ترتیب با ۴۸/۱۴ و ۹۳/۱۳ گرم بیشترین وزن خشک میوه را به خود اختصاص دادند. بر اساس تجزیه خوشه‌ای، ژنوتیپ‌های با صفات مطلوب تر از سایر ژنوتیپ‌ها جدا شدند. از جمله عوامل که در تفکیک خوشه‌های اصلی نقش دارند می‌توان به صفات وزن خشک میوه، وزن مغز میوه، طول، قطر و عرض خشک میوه، درصد مغز، گوشتی بودن مغز، پر بودن مغز و وضعیت خزان‌کنندگی برگ‌های ژنوتیپ‌ها اشاره کرد. نتایج تجزیه همبستگی ساده صفات، وجود همبستگی مثبت و منفی معنی‌داری را بین برخی صفات مهم نشان داد.  در مجموع ژنوتیپ‌های UTW01، UTW04، UTW06، UTW07، UTW08، UTW20 و UTW22 به دلیل بسته بودن روزنه انتهایی خشک میوه، روشن بودن مغز، سهولت جدا شدن مغز از پوست چوبی، باردهی جانبی، درصد مغز بالا به عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های امیدبخش انتخاب شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of genetic diversity among some selected walnut by using morphological ‎and pomological characteristics

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yousef Hakimi 1
  • Mohamadreza Fattahi 2
  • Zabihollah Zamani 2
1 M. Sc. Student, College of Agriculture & Natural Resoruces, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Professor, College of Agriculture & Natural Resoruces, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Identification and selection of superior genotypes in different regions of the country is a useful breeding method in walnut. This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity among some selected walnut genotypes using 19 quantitative and qualitative traits related to morphological and pomological characteristics based on the IPGRI description (with some modifications) on 28 walnut genotypes during years of 2018 and 2019 in Reseach Station of Department of Horticulture, Unversity of Tehran. The results showed that the highest kernel percentage (69.12 and 67.14) belonged to UTW10 and UTW09 genotypes, respectively. The UTW05 and UTW07 genotypes were the latest leafing date. The UTW09 and UTW05 genotypes had the highest kernel weights of 8.05 and 7.87 g, respectively. UTW22 and UTW05 genotypes with 14.48 and 13.93 g, respectively, had the highest nut weight. Based on cluster analysis, genotypes with desirable traits were grouped from other genotypes. Among the factors that play a role in separating the main clusters were nut dry weight, kernel weight, length, diameter and width of nut, kernel percentage, Kernel plumpness, Kernel fillness and Leaf Abscission of genotypes. The results of simple correlation analysis of traits showed a significant positive and negative correlation between some important traits. In general, UTW01, UTW04, UTW06, UTW07, UTW08, UTW20, and UTW22 genotypes were selected as superior genotypes due to closed-shell seal, light kernel color, ease of kernel removal from nuts, lateral bearing, and high kernel percentage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Clustering
  • germplasm
  • superior genotype
  • trait correlation
  • walnut

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 30 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 01 مرداد 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 06 شهریور 1400

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