تاثیر مدیریت تلفیقی نیتروژن بر شاخص‌های رشد، عملکرد و خصوصیات کیفی سیب‌زمینی رقم ساوالان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان ‏تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

2 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ‏ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

3 محقق، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج ‏کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

4 محقق، بخش تحقیقات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، ‏سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور مطالعه اثر مدیریت تلفیقی نیتروژن بر شاخص­های رشد و خصوصیات کیفی سیب­زمینی رقم ساوالان این پژوهش براساس طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با چهار تیمار و سه تکرار به مدت دو سال زراعی (۱۳95-1393) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بهبهان اجرا شد. عدم مصرف نیتروژن، تامین50 درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز از منبع اوره و50 درصد از منبع ورمی­کمپوست، تأمین 75 درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز از منبع اوره و 25 درصد از منبع ورمی­کمپوست و تأمین 100 درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز از منبع اوره، تیمارهای آزمایش بودند. نتایج آنالیز رشد مشخص نمود سرعت رشد اندام‌های هوایی و غده در مراحل اولیه رشد و نمو افزایش و پس از رسیدن به حداکثر کاهش یافت. به­دلیل این­که در بیشتر دوره­های نمونه‌برداری سرعت رشد غده و محصول تیمار تأمین 75 درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز از منبع اوره و 25 درصد از منبع ورمی‌کمپوست از سایر تیمارها بیشتر بود، حداکثر عملکرد غده به این تیمار اختصاص یافت. مصرف ورمی کمپوست در هر دو تیمار تأمین 75 درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز از منبع اوره و 25 درصد از منبع ورمی­کمپوست و تامین50 درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز از منبع اوره و50 درصد از منبع ورمی­کمپوست سبب افزایش عملکرد غده کل، غده قابل فروش، تعداد غده در بوته، کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و کارایی زراعی مصرف نیتروژن و کاهش نیترات غده در در مقایسه با تیمار تامین 100 درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز از منبع اوره گردید. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش تامین 75 درصد نیتروژن مورد نیاز از طریق ورمی­کمپوست و 25 درصد از طریق اوره می­تواند سبب افزایش عملکرد کمی سیب­زمینی رقم ساوالان و افزایش درآمد کشاورزان در خوزستان ­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The impact of integrated management of nitrogen fertilizers on growth indices, yield ‎and qualitative characteristics of potato (Savalan cultivar)‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdulsattar Darabi 1
  • Mohammad Reza Rafie 2
  • Shahram Omidvari 2
  • Maryam Javadzadeh 3
  • Vahid Yaghubi 4
1 Associate Professor, Seed and Plant Research Improvement Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research ‎and Education Center , AREEO, Ahwaz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Khouzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and ‎Education Center, AREEO, Ahwaz, Iran
3 Researcher, Soil and Water Research Department, Khouzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, ‎AREEO, Ahwaz, Iran
4 Resercher, Agricultural Economics, Social & Extension Research Department, Khouzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources ‎Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahwaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of integrated management of nitrogen fertilizers on growth, yield and quality characteristics of potato (Solanum tubersom cv Savalan) in Behbahan Agriculture Research Stations from 2014 to 2016. This research was carried out in randomized complete block design including four treatments: lack of nitrogen fertilizer (control), plots that received 50% nitrogen from chemical fertilizer (as urea) plus 50% nitrogen from vermicompost (50%U+50%V), plots that received 75% nitrogen from chemical fertilizer plus 25% nitrogen from vermicompost (75% U+25%V), and plots that obtained 100% nitrogen from chemical fertilizer (100% urea) and three replications. The Results of growth analysis showed that the haulm and tuber growth rate increased during the early stages, while reached a maximum value, following decline in the late season. In the most sampling periods, the highest tuber and crop growth rate were recorded in 75% urea +25% vermicompost. Therefore the highest yield was observed in this treatment. Application of vermicompost significantly increased tuber number, total and marketable yield, nitrogen use efficiency and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in 75% urea +25% vermicompost and 50% urea +50% vermicompost as compared with 100% urea. The tuber nitrate content in   75% urea +25% vermicompost and 50% urea +50% vermicompost was significantly lower than 100% urea. According to results, the yield and qualitative characteristics of potato (Savalan cultivar) and farmers’ incomes can increase in Khuzestan province by supply of 75% required nitrogen fertilizer through urea and 25% nitrogen from vermicompost.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Benefit to cost ratio
  • growth indices
  • nitrate
  • urea
  • vermicompost‎

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 اردیبهشت 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 04 شهریور 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 05 مهر 1399

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