مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی و تعیین خصوصیات فنولوژی، مورفولوژی و پومولوژی برخی از ژنوتیپ‌های ‏انتخابی گیلاس در شرایط استان خراسان رضوی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، ‏سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه ولایت، ایرانشهر، ایران

3 کارشناس، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، ‏سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

گیلاس یکی از مهم‌ترین میوه‌های مصرفی در جهان به شمار می‌آید که طعم، عطر و ظاهر مطلوبی دارد. به منظور مقایسه خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، فنولوژیک و پومولوژیک 10 ژنوتیپ انتخابی گیلاس با 4 رقم تجاری وارداتی و داخلی، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در دو سال زراعی 1395-1397 انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان دادن بین رقم­ها و ژنوتیپ‌ها از لحاظ بسیاری از صفات تفاوت معنی­داری وجود داشت. در بین نمونه‌های بررسی‌شده، ژنوتیپ Msh-BT، زودگلده‌ترین (7 فروردین) و از لحاظ میوه‌دهی، جزء زودرس‌ترین نمونه‌ها (20 اردیبهشت) بود. هم‌چنین، ژنوتیپ Msh-BT، بیشترین ارتفاع، عرض و حجم تاج و قطر تنه را ایجاد نمود. بالاترین رشد رویشی سالیانه، تعداد اسپور و درصد دوقلوزایی مربوط به ژنوتیپ Msh-3-26 بود. ژنوتیپ Msh-F-1 بالاترین طول، عرض و سطح برگ را ایجاد نمود. از نظر ویژگی‌های میوه شناسی، ژنوتیپ Msh-F1 دارای بالاترین طول، عرض، قطر و وزن میوه و ژنوتیپ Msh-BT کمترین طول و ضخامت دم میوه را داشتند. بعلاوه، رقم "سوئیت آن" بیشترین وزن هسته، اسیدیته و عملکرد را نشان داد. از نظر رنگ گوشت و پوست، شکل هسته و شکل میوه بین ژنوتیپ‌ها تفاوت وجود داشت. با توجه به دندروگرام، ژنوتیپ‌ها به سه خوشه تقسیم شدند. در جمع‌بندی کلی، ژنوتیپ‌های Msh-BT و Msh-F1 به‌ترتیب از لحاظ زودرسی و بزرگی میوه و رقم "سوئیت آن" از لحاظ عملکرد بالا در مقایسه با رقم "سیاه مشهد" (شاهد) در شرایط استان خراسان رضوی قابل توصیه می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The study of genetic variation and determine of phenological, morphological and ‎pomological characteristics of some selected genotypes of sweet cherry in Khorasan ‎Razavi province conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ebrahim Ganji Moghadam 1
  • Mahboubeh Zamanipour 2
  • Sima Bina 3
1 Associate Professor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural ‎Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Technical and Engineering Faculty, Velayat University, Iranshahr, Iran
3 Expert, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and ‎Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Cherry is one of the most important fruits in the world, with its good flavor, aroma and appearance. In order to compare the morphological, phenological and pomological characteristics of 10 selected sweet cherry genotypes with four commerical and domestic cultivars, a randomized complete blocks design with three replications was conducted in ​​two years of cultivation of 2016-2018. The results showed that there was a significant difference between cultivars and genotypes in terms of many traits. Among the investigated samples, the Msh-BT genotype, was the earliest flowering (27 March) and the earliest ripening (10 May) in comparison with other genotypes. Also, the Msh-BT genotype had the maximum height, width and volume of the crown and trunk diameter. The highest annual vegetative growth, number of spur and the percentage of twins were related to Msh-3-26 genotype. Msh-F-1 genotype produced the highest length, width and leaf area. In terms of pomological characteristics, the Msh-F1 genotype had the highest length, width, diameter and fruit weight, and the Msh-BT genotype had the least length and thickness of the fruit tail. In addition, Sweet ann genotype showed the highest stone weight, acidity and yield. In terms of flesh and skin colour, stone shape and fruit shape, there was a difference between the genotypes. According to dendrogram, genotypes were divided into three clusters. In general, Msh-BT and Msh-F1 genotypes are recommended in terms of precociousness and large fruit size, respectively and Sweet ann cultivar in terms of high yield compared to Siyah- Mashhad cultivar (control) in the conditions of Khorasan Razavi province.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fruit charactristics
  • genetic variation
  • sweet cherry
  • vegetative charactristics‎

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 اردیبهشت 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 29 تیر 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 مرداد 1398

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