ارزیابی برخی پایه‌های رویشی سیب در شرایط سمیت بور در خاک با استفاده از شاخص‌های ‏مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 ‏مربی، بخش تحقیقات نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان‌غربی،سازمان تحقیقات، ‏آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان ‏تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران

4 استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

این آزمایش با هدف ارزیابی نه پایه رویشی سیب شامل MM106، M26، Ottawa3، Suporter4، M9،M7 ،P22 ، MM111 و پایه محلی گمی الماسی نسبت به مقادیر مختلف بور (صفر، 15، 30، 45 و 60 میلی‌گرم بور در کیلوگرم خاک) به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی انجام گردید. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش غلظت بور در خاک، ارتفاع نهال، شاخص سطح برگ، وزن تر و خشک برگ، محتوی نسبی آب برگ، شاخص کلروفیل و میزان رشد رویشی در همه پایه‌ها در مقایسه با شاهد کاهش یافت. همچنین با افزایش مقدار بور در خاک دمای برگ، میزان نشت یونی و مالون‌دی‌آلدهید افزایش یافت. اندازه‌گیری فعالیت آنزیم‌های آسکوربات پراکسیداز و سوپر اکسید دسموتاز در برگ نشان داد فعالیت این آنزیم‌ها با افزایش مقدار بور در خاک، در ابتدا افزایش و سپس کاهش یافت. براساس نتایج تجزیه برگی، مقدار بور اندازه‌گیری‌شده در برگ پایه‌های M26 و P22 کمتر از پایه‌های دیگر بود. ارزیابی اندازه‌گیری‌های رویشی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی نشان داد پایه‌های رویشی M26 و P22 در سطوح بور بیشتر از 45 میلی‌گرم در کیلو گرم خاک متحمل تر از پایه‌های دیگر بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating some apple rootstocks in boron toxicity condition using morpho-‎physiological and biochemical indexes in soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ghasem Hassani 1
  • Alireza Farrokhzad 2
  • Aziz Majidi 3
  • Ebrahim Sepehr 4
1 Instructor, Seed and Plant Improvement Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, West Azarbaijan, ‎AREEO, Urmia, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran‎
3 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Reasearch Department., Agricultural, Education and Natural Resource Research Center of West ‎Azerbaijan, AREEO, Urmia, Iran‎
4 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran‎
چکیده [English]

This trial was conducted in order to evaluating nine apple rootstocks including MM106, M26, Ottawa3, Suporter4, M9, M7, P22 , MM111 and local rootstock "Gamialmasi" in different levels boron (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg/kg soil). Results indicated that height rootstock, LAI, wet and dry weight leaf, chlorophyll index, WRC and vegetative growth rate reduced in comparison control as increased boron soil in all rootstocks. Vegetative growth ceased in all rootstocks, exception M26 and P22. Also, ion leakage and MDH increased as raised boron level in soil. Ascorbate peroxidase and super oxide dismutase leaf activity increased at first and then decreased with increasing boron levels in soil. Based on leaf analysis, leaf boron concentration in M26 and P22 was less than other rootstocks. Vegetative, physiological and biochemical assessments showed that M26 and P22 were more tolerate in relation other rootstocks.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Apple
  • boron stress
  • peroxidase
  • super oxid dismotaze
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