ارزیابی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک، بیوشیمیایی و زراعی تاتوره (‏Datura stramonium L.‎‏) تحت اثر ‏باقیمانده سیستم‌های کشت متداول و کم‌نهاده ‏

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

2 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

در راستای کشت گیاه دارویی تاتوره در نظام زراعی کم­نهاده، آزمایشی به­صورت کرت­های یک­بار خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بایع­کلا (مازندران) در سال­های 1395 و 1396 اجرا شد. کرت اصلی شامل کودهی در پنج سطح (کودهای شیمیایی(NPK)، کود دامی، کمپوست، ورمی­کمپوست و عدم مصرف کود آلی و معدنی) و کرت فرعی شامل کودهای زیستی در پنج سطح (نیتروکسین، بیوفسفات، نیتروکسین + بیوفسفات، نانوبیومیک و عدم کاربرد کود زیستی و نانوزیستی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (21/172 سانتی­متر)، تعداد شاخه در بوته (59/63)، تعداد برگ در بوته (99/230)، سطح برگ کل بوته (93/6567 سانتی­متر مربع)، وزن خشک برگ (33/477 گرم در بوته)، کلروفیل a، b و کاروتنوئید کل (به­ترتیب 806/1، 373/1 و 473/0 میلی­گرم در گرم وزن تر)، کربوهیدرات کل برگ (47/45 میلی­گرم در گرم وزن خشک)، پروتئین دانه (10/26 درصد)، میزان الکالوئید کل برگ و دانه (به­ترتیب 04/62 و 94/12 میلی­گرم در گرم وزن خشک)، تعداد کپسول در بوته (57/59)، تعداد دانه در کپسول (84/456)، وزن هزار دانه (02/9 گرم) و عملکرد دانه (4/7927 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به تلفیق کودهای ورمی­کمپوست و نانوبیومیک تعلق داشت. بنابراین باتوجه به ضرورت تولید گیاهان دارویی در نظام­های زراعی کم­نهاده و کارایی بالای اثر تلفیق کودهای ورمی­کمپوست و نانوبیومیک، مصرف یک­سال در میان این تیمار جهت بهبود ویژگی­های فیزیولوژیک، بیوشیمیایی و زراعی تاتوره توصیه می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of physiological, biochemical and agronomic characteristics of thorn apple ‎‎(Datura stramonium L.) under residual effect of conventional and low input cropping ‎systems

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roghayeh Mohammadpour Vashvaei 1
  • Ahmad Ghanbari 2
  • Mohammad Reza Asgharipour 3
  • Mahmood Ramroudi 3
  • Mehdi Dahmardeh 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

Towards the cultivation of datura medicinal herb in a low cropping system, an experiment was conducted on split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, at the Research Station of Bayakola (Mazandaran), during 2016 and 2017. Experimental treatments were plant nutrition as a main plot at five levels (NPK, farmyard manure, compost, vermicompost and non-use of organic and inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizer as subplot at five levels (bio-phosphate, nitroxin, nitroxin + bio-phosphate, nano-bioumik and non-application of bio and nano bio-fertilizer. Results showed that the highest plant height (172.21 cm), number of branches per plant (63.59), number of leaves per plant (230.99), total plant leaf area (6567.93 cm2), leaf dry weight (477.33 g/plant), chlorophyll a, b and total carotenoid (1.806, 1.373 and 0.473 mg/g FW, respectively), total leaf carbohydrate (45.47 mg/g DW), seed protein (26.10 %), total alkaloids of leaf and seed (62.04 and 12.94 mg/g DW, respectively), number of fruits per plant (59.57), number of seeds per fruit (456.84), 1000 seeds weight (9.02 g) and seed yield (7927.4 Kg/ha) were belonged to the combination of vermicompost and nano-bioumik fertilizers treatments. Therefore, with respect to the necessity of producing medicinal plants in the low-input cropping systems and the high efficiency of vermicompost and nano bioumik combination treatment, using a load of it for two consecutive years are recommended for improving physiological, biochemical and agronomic characteristics of thorn apple.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Low-input cropping system
  • medicinal plants
  • nano-bioumik
  • total alkaloids
  • vermicompost

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 51، شماره 4
اسفند 1399
صفحه 995-1015

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 10 آبان 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 28 آذر 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 19 دی 1397

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