اثر محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی بر عملکرد، خواص کیفی و غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ و میوه سیب رقم ‏گالا (‏Malus domestica cv. Gala‏)‏

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 پردیس کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران

3 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

کمبود آهن و روی در خاک­های آهکی در بیشتر خاک­های ایران شایع است. به منظور مطالعه اثر محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی بر غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ و میوه سیب رقم گالا، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران انجام گرفت. عامل اول محلول‌پاشی روی به‌صورت سولفات روی در سه سطح (صفر، 10 و 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) و عامل دوم محلول‌پاشی آهن به‌صورت کلات آهن در سه سطح (صفر، 100 و 1000 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد محلول­پاشی آهن و روی بر عملکرد و غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ و میوه معنی‌دار بود و باعث افزایش محتوای عناصر غذایی برگ­ها و میوه­ها شد. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش کاربرد آهن باعث افزایش عملکرد، وزن، محتوای آهن، روی و پتاسیم برگ­ها شد و میزان آهن، روی، پتاسیم، کلسیم و فسفر میوه­ها را نیز افزایش داد. همچنین روی موجب افزایش عملکرد، مواد جامد محلول و محتوای روی برگ­ها و محتوای آهن و روی میوه­ها شد. طبق نتایج به‌دست‌آمده اثر تیمارهای استفاده‌شده بر محتوای نیتروژن برگ­ها و میوه­ها معنی‌دار نبود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد محلول پاشی آهن و روی باعث افزایش عملکرد، کیفیت و غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ و میوه سیب رقم گالا شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of foliar application of iron and zinc on yield, quality and leaf and fruit ‎nutrients concentrations of apple (Malus domestica cv. Gala)‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Esmaeil Sadeghi 1
  • Mesbah Babalar 2
  • Alireza Talaie 3
1 Former M. Sc. Student, College of Agriculutre & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, ‎Karaj, Iran
2 Professor, College of Agriculutre & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Professor, College of Agriculutre & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Iron and zinc deficiencies are common in most limy soils of Iran. In order to study the effect of foliar application of iron and zinc on leaf and fruit nutrients concentrations of apple cultivar Gala an experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Horticulture Research Station, University College of Agriculutre & Natural Resources, University of Tehran. The first factor was foliar application of zinc as zinc sulfate at three levels (0, 10 and 100 mg per liter) and the second factor was foliar application of iron as iron chelate at three levels (0, 100 and 1000 mg per liter). Results showed that the foliar application of iron and zinc had a significant effect on yield and leaf and fruit nutrients concentrations and increased the nutrient content of leaves and fruits. According to these results using iron increased yield, weight, iron, zinc and potassium content of leaves and the amount of iron, zinc, potassium, calcium and phosphorus of fruits also increased. Also zinc increased yield, TSS, zinc content of the leaves and the iron and zinc content of fruits. According to the results, the effect of treatments used on the leaves and fruits nitrogen content was not significant. This study showed foliar application of iron and zinc increased yield, quality and leaf and fruit nutrients concentrations of apple cv. Gala.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calcium
  • iron chelate
  • potassium
  • zinc sulfate

مراجع

  1. Aboutalebi, A. (2013). Effects of nitrogen and iron on sweet lime (Citrus limmetta) fruit quantity and quality in calcareous soils. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences, 2(8), 211-213.
  2. Ali, A., Khattak, M.J.K., Shah, S.N.M., Shah, M., Zaheer, S. & Bibi, S. (2014). Comparative effect of foliar application on micronutrients content in peach leaf and fruit. International Journal of Farming and Allied Science, 3 (4), 382-388.
  3. Alloway, B.J. (2008). Zinc in soils and crop nutrition. International Zinc Association Brussel, Belgium.
  4. Àlvarez-Fernàndez, A., Abadía, J. & Abadía, A. (2006). Iron deficiency, fruit yield and fruit quality. Iron nutrition in plants and rhizospheric microorganisms. SpringerNetherlands.
  5. Alvarez-Fernandez, A., Paniagua, P., Abadia, J. & Abadia, A. (2003). Effects of Fe deficiency chlorosis on yield and fruit quality in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch). Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 51(19), 5738-5744.
  6. Ashoori, M., Lolaei, A., Ershadi, A., Kolhar, M. & Rasoli, A. (2013). Effects of N, Fe and Zn nutrition on vegetative and reproductive growth and fruit quality of grapevine (Vitis viniferea L.). Journal of Ornamental and Horticultural Plants, 3 (1), 49-58.
  7. Babalar, M. & Pirmoradian, M. (2009). Nutrition of fruit trees. Tehran University Press. (in Farsi)
  8. Bramlage, W. J., Greene, D. W., Autio, W. R. & McLaughlin, J. M. (1980). Effects of aminoethoxyvinylglycine on internal ethylene concentrations and storage of apples. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 105(6), 847-851.
  9. Brennan, R. F., Armour, J. D. & Reuter, D. J. (1993). Diagnosis of zinc deficiency. In: Robson, A.D. (Ed.), Zinc in soils and plants. Springer, Netherlands, pp. 167-181.
  10. Chapaman, H. D. & Pratt, P. F. (1961). Methods of analysis for soils, plant and water. University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. 309.
  11. Erdal, I., Atilla Askin, M., Kucukyumuk, Z., Yildirim, F. & Yildirim, A. (2008). Rootstock has an important role on iron nutrition of apple trees. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(2), 173-177.
  12. FAO Soils Bulletin 21. (1972). Calcareous soils. Report of the FAO/UNDP Regional Seminar on Reclamation and Management of Calcareous Soils.
  13. Fernández, V., Del Río, V., Pumariño, L., Igartua, E., Abadía, J. & Abadía, A. (2008). Foliar fertilization of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) with different iron formulations: effects on re-greening, iron concentration and mineral composition in treated and untreated leaf surfaces. Journal of Scientia Horticulturae, 117, 241-248.
  14. Food and Agriculture Organization. (2012). Food Production in FAO. Retrieved September 23, 2012, from http://www.fao.org/ Food Production
  15. Ganesh, S. & Kannan, M. (2013). Essentiality of micronutrients in flower crops: A review. Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, 2 (3), 52-57.
  16. Hannafy Ahmed, A.H., Khalil, M.K., Abd El-Rahman, A.M. & Nadia, A.M. (2012). Effect of zinc, tryptophan and indole acetic acid on growth, yield and chemical composition of valensia orange trees. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8 (2), 901-914.
  17. Hipps, N.A. & Davies, M.J. (2001). Effects of foliar zinc applications at different times in the growing season on tissue zinc concentrations, fruit set, yield and grade out of culinary apple trees. Acta Horticulturae 564, 145-151.
  18. Jahanshah, S. (2008). Effects of different methods of iron application on yield and leaf and fruit chemical compositions of ‘Lisbon’ lemon cultivar. Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 9 (1), 23-34. (in Farsi)
  19. Jeyakumar, P. & Balamohan, T. N. (2003). Micronutrients for horticultural crops. Department of Fruit Crop. Horticultural College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Combatore, 1 (10), 438-447.
  20. Kaya, C. & Higgs, D. (2002). Response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivars to foliar application of zinc when grown in sand culture at low zinc. Scientia Horticulturae, 93, 53-64.
  21. Malakouti, M.J. (2001). The effects of balanced fertilization and zinc application on improving apple yield, quality, and reducing browning incidence. Acta Horticulturae, 564, 153-158.
  22. Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plant. Academic, London.
  23. Miles, P. H., Wilkinson, N. S. & McDowell, L. R. (2001). Analysis of minerals for animal nutrition research. (3rd ed.). University of Florida, Gainesville.
  24. Mirzaalian Dastjerdi, A.M., Kalantari, S., Babalar, M. & Zamani, Z. (2013). Effects of maturity stage and storage temperature on the quality of ‘Langra’ mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 44, 43-59. (in Farsi)
  25. Mirzaei-Aghsaghali, A., Maheri-Sis, N., Mansouri, H., Razeghi, M. E., Mirza-Aghazadeh, A., Cheraghi, H. & Aghajanzadeh-Golshani, A. (2011). Evaluating potential nutritive value of pomegranate processing by-products for ruminants using in vitro gas production technique. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 6, 45-51.
  26. Neilsen, G. H. & Neilsen, D. (2002). Effect of foliar Zn, form and timing of Ca sprays on fruit Ca concentration in new apple cultivars. Acta Horticulturae, 594, 435- 443.
  27. Poltronieri, Y., Martinez, H. E. P. & Cecon. P. R. (2011). Effect of zinc and its form of supply on production and quality of coffee beans. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91, 2431-2436.
  28. Rasolzadegan, Y. (1992). Temperate zone pomology. Isfahan University of Technology Press. (in Farsi)
  29. Razzaq, K., Khan, A. S., Malik, A. U., Shahid, M. & Ullah, S. (2013). Foliar application of zinc influences the leaf mineral status, vegetative and reproductive growth, and yield and fruit quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 36, 1479-1495.
  30. Roosta, H. R. & Hamidpour, M. (2011). Effects of foliar application of some macro and micro-nutrients on tomato plants in aquaponic and hydroponic systems. Scientia Horticulturae, 129, 396-402.
  31. Ryan, J., Sommer, R. & Estefan, G. (2013). Methods of soil, plant and water analysis:A manual for the West Asia and North Africa region (Third Ed.).International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA).
  32. Sparks, D. L. (1996). Methods of soil analysis. Part 3. Chemical methods. Soil Science Society, American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  33. Swietlik, D. (2002). Zinc nutrition of fruit trees by foliar sprays. Acta Horticulturae, 594, 123-129.
  34. Tabatabaei, S. J. (2013). Principles of mineral nutrition of plants, Tabriz University Press. (in Farsi)
  35. Taghavi, S. T., Babalar, M., Ebadi, A., Ebrahimzade, H. & Askari, M. A. (2005). The effect of different levels of iron and boron on amount of elements and yield of strawberry cv. Selva. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 36 (5). (in Farsi)
  36. Van Soest, J. P. (2012). Influence of foliar application of some nutrient (Fertifol Misr) and gibberellic acid on fruit set, yield and fruit quality and leaf composition of “Anna” apple trees grown in sandy soil. International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research, 17-23.
  37. Yong, Z., Chun-xia, F., Fei, L., Xiao-dan, F., Yu-jing, Y., Yan-an, W. & You-peng, Z. (2013). Effects of aerial zinc application on carbohydrate metabolism-related enzymes activities in apple fruit. Journal of Acta Horticulture Sinica, 40(8), 1429-1436.
  38. Zhang, Y., Fu, C., Yan, Y., Wang, Y., Li, M., Chen, M., Qian, J., Yang, X. & Cheng, S. (2013). Zinc sulfate and sugar alcohol zinc sprays at critical stages to improve apple fruit quality. Journal of HortTechnology, 23, 490-497.
  39. Zaman, Q. & Schumann, A. W. (2006). Nutrient management zones for citrus based on variation in soil properties and tree performance. Precision Agriculture, 7, 45-63.
علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 51، شماره 4
اسفند 1399
صفحه 965-978

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 اسفند 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 31 تیر 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 19 مرداد 1397

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار