بررسی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی رقم‌های زرد و دیره زیتون تحت تنش حرارتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

3 دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات درختان میوه معتدله، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ‏ایران

4 دانشیار، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی درختان 12 ساله زیتون رقم های زرد و دیره در پاسخ به تغییرات دمایی فصل رشد منطقه طارم (استان زنجان، شمال غرب ایران) در طی دو سال متوالی 1396-1397 مطالعه شد. آزمایش به­صورت کرت­های خردشده در زمان (کرت اصلی شامل نوع رقم و کرت فرعی زمان) در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی اجرا گردید. نمونه­برداری و یادداشت داده­ها در چهار زمان مختلف اردیبهشت، تیر، مرداد و مهرماه به­ترتیب در دماهای 28، 45، 44 و 36 درجه سانتی­گراد انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد فتوسنتز رقم دیره در شرایط تنش حرارتی تیرماه در مقایسه با اردیبهشت­ماه، حدود دو برابر بیشتر از رقم زرد کاهش یافت. رقم زرد علی­رغم داشتن فتوسنتز بالا، میزان رشد و وزن خشک تجمعی شاخساره­ای پایین­تری داشت که بالا بودن بازده عملکرد میوه در این رقم از دلایل عمده این موضوع بود. تجمع پرولین در بافت برگ رقم دیره نتوانست نقش زیادی در ایجاد تحمل بیشتر در این رقم داشته باشد. میزان کربوهیدرات­های محلول در رقم زرد و در همه مراحل مورد ارزیابی بیشتر از رقم دیره بود. در کل، رقم زرد تحمل بیشتری به افزایش تنش حرارتی در طی فصل رشد نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The evaluation of physiological and biochemical traits of olive trees cvs. Zard and ‎Direh under heat stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Ajani 1
  • Ali Soleimani 2
  • Ali asghar Zeinanloo 3
  • Esmaeil Seifi 4
1 Ph. D. Cadidate and , Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education ‎and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The physiological and biochemical traits of 12-year-old olive trees cvs. Zard and Direh were studied in response to thermal fluctuations during growing seasons in Tarom region (Zanjan province, NW of Iran) for two successive years 2017-2018. The experiment was carried out as split plots in time based on complete randomized block design (cultivar as main plot and time as sub-treatment). The sampling and data recording were performed during four different time including; May, July, August and September correspond to the 28, 45, 44 and 36 °C, respectively. The results showed that the photosynthesis rate of cv. Direh during stressful high temperature conditions at July, and in compare to May decreased two times more than cv. Zard. Cultivar Zard, in spite of its high photosynthesis rate, showed lower amount of cumulative shoot growth and dry weight, which was mainly due to the large amount of fruit yield efficiency in this cultivar. The proline accumulation in leaf tissue of ‘Direh’ failed to play a constructive role in developing higher heat stress tolerance in this cultivar. The soluble carbohydrates concentration in ‘Zard’ was higher than ‘Direh’ during all period of study. In general, cv. Zard had more tolerance to increased heat stress during growth season.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heat stress
  • oil yield
  • Olea europaea L
  • photosynthesis
  • proline

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 51، شماره 4
اسفند 1399
صفحه 785-795

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 خرداد 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 شهریور 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 شهریور 1398

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