مقایسه روش‌های ارزیابی مقاومت به کلروز آهن در ترکیب‌های پیوندی سیب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش وترویج کشاورزی اصفهان، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

4 دانشیار، پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

5 استادیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

کلروز آهن ناشی از آهک، از مشکلات مهم درختان میوه به­ویژه سیب در خاک­های آهکی می­باشد. این عارضه هر ساله خسارت زیادی به درختان میوه در این مناطق وارد می­سازد. تحقیق حاضر با هدف تعیین یک روش مناسب برای ارزیابی مقاومت پایه­ها و ارقام سیب در برابر تنش کلروز آهن انجام گرفت. بدین منظور آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل بر پایۀ طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با 18 تیمار و 3 تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها شامل رقم (گلاب کهنز، رد دلیشز و گلدن­دلیشز)، پایه در6 سطح (M9، M26 از پایه­های پاکوتاه، M7 وMM106  از پایه­های نیمه‌پاکوتاه و M25 وMM111 از پایه­های پر رشد سیب) و تنش آهن در سه سطح (2 میکرومولار آهن، 90 میکرو مولار آهن همراه با و بدون بی­کربنات سدیم10 میلی­مولار) انجام شد. نهال­های پیوندی سیب در گلدان­های حاوی پرلیت پس از دو ماه و نیم تغذیه با محلول غذایی نصف غلظت هوگلند به­مدت 8 هفته، تحت تیمارهای فوق قرار گرفتند. در این پژوهش اثرات سطوح مختلف تنش آهن بر شاخص­های آهن-کارایی و ویژگی­های بیوشیمیایی ترکیب­های پیوندی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاکی از واکنش­های متفاوت ارقام و پایه­ها و در نتیجه ترکیب‌های پیوندی به تنش­های اعمال­شده بود. ارقام و پایه­ها تفاوت­های زیادی در جذب و انتقال آهن دارند، به­طوری­که آنها را می­توان به ارقام و پایه‌های مقاوم و حساس و نیمه­مقاوم طبقه­بندی نمود. به­طور کلی روش بیوشیمیایی، ارزیابی دقیق­تری از تفاوت­های ارقام و پایه­ها در پاسخ به تنش آهن نسبت به ارزیابی نظری شاخص­های آهن-کارایی فراهم نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparision of the methods for evaluating iron chlorosis resistance in different apple scion/ rootstock combinations

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Pirmoradian 1 2
  • Lotfali Naseri 3
  • Hamid Abdollahi 4
  • Ali Asghar Shahabi 5
1 Former Ph.D. Student, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urumieh University, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Horticultural crop Resaerch Department, Isfshan agricultural and natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urumieh University, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Soil Science Resaerch Department, Isfshan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Lime induced iron chlorosis is one of the important problems of fruit trees, especially apple, in calcareous soils. This disorder affects many fruit trees in these areas, each year. The purpose of this study was to determine a suitable method for evaluation of apple rootstocks and cultivars against iron stress. A factorial experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design with 18 treatments and 3 replications was performed. Treatments included cultivars (Golab Kohanz, Red Delicious and Golden Delicious), rootstock at 6 levels (M9, M26, M7, M25, MM106, MM111) and iron stress at three levels (2 µM iron, 90 µM iron with and without 10 mM sodium bicarbonate). The treatments were applied to the grafted pot trees in in perlite after 8 weeks of feeding with half strength Hoagland solution. In this study, the effects of different levels of iron stress on theoretical Fe-efficiency indices and the biochemical properties of grafted combinations were evaluated. The results indicated different reactions of the cultivars and rootstocks, and thus the grafted combinations to the applied stresses. Cultivars and rootstocks showed remarkable differences in the absorption and transfer of iron, so that they can be categorized into resistant (iron efficient), sensitive (iron inefficient) and semi-sensitive ones. The method of biochemical assessment more accurately showed the differences between cultivars and rootstocks in response to iron stress, and provided an effective evaluation compared to the theoretical Fe-efficiency indices.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Apple cultivars and rootstocks
  • Biochemical assessment
  • Fe-efficiency
  • Theoretical indices

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 26 فروردین 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 خرداد 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 خرداد 1397

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