بررسی ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی گل سرخارگل [purpurea (L.) Moench Echinacea] در کشت مخلوط با لوبیا سبز و تاریخ‌های مختلف کشت تابستانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 دانشیار، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

4 استاد، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

5 استاد، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

چکیده

در بررسی عملکرد ماده خشک و ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی گل سرخارگل‌‌های دو‌ساله در کشت مخلوط سرخارگل با لوبیا سبز و تاریخ‌های مختلف کشت تابستانه، آزمایشی به­‌‌صورت کرت‌های خرد‌شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 92-1391، طراحی و اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل آرایش کشت [کشت خالص سرخارگل، کشت خالص لوبیا سبز، کشت مخلوط جایگزینی با الگوهای کشت 1:1 (یک در میان) و 2:2 (دو در میان) سرخارگل و لوبیا سبز]، تاریخ‌های کشت [(10 تیر، 9 مرداد و 8 شهریور) در تابستان 1391] و کشت لوبیا سبز هم‌زمان با سبز‌شدن سرخارگل در بهار 1392 بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که کشت زودهنگام سرخارگل‌ها در تابستان (10 تیر) موجب افزایش ماده خشک، مشتقات اسید کافئیک و محتوای فنل و فلاونوئید کل گل شد. در میان الگوهای کشت مخلوط نیز، کشت دو در میان سرخارگل و لوبیا سبز، موجب افزایش ماده خشک گل شد. در حالی‌که بیشترین مقدار اسید شیکوریک، اسید کلروژنیک و اکیناکوزید به‌ترتیب با 3/29، 4/2 و 3/2 میلی‌گرم بر گرم ماده خشک در کشت خالص سرخارگل‌ها به‌دست آمد. بیشترین مقدار فنل و فلاونوئید کل گل هم، در تاریخ کاشت 10 تیر و آرایش تک‌کشتی سرخارگل‌ها به‌دست آمد. در کل، می‌توان گفت که اگر هدف از کشت این گیاه افزایش تولید مشتقات اسید کافئیک باشد، تک‌کشتی و اگر هدف، بهبود تولید ماده خشک باشد، کشت مخلوط مزیت محسوب می‌شود. به علاوه، کشت زودتر این گیاه نیز از نظر تولید ماده خشک و مشتقات اسید کافئیک نسبت به کشت تأخیری، برتری دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of phytochemical properties of purple coneflower [Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench] flowers in intercropping with green beans and different summer time planting dates

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samaneh Asadi-Sanam 1
  • Mohsen Zavareh 2
  • Hemmatollah Pirdashti 3
  • Fatemeh Sefidkon 4
  • Ghorban-Ali Nematzadeh 5
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Medicinal Plants, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, AREEO, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Medicinal Plants, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, AREEO, Tehran, Iran
5 Professor, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

To evaluate dry matter yield and phytochemical properties of two years old purple coneflower [Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench] flower in intercropping with green beans and different summer time planting dates, a randomized complete block design in split plot arrangement with three replications was conducted in Research Farm of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan in 2012-2013. Treatments included planting arrangements [coneflower and green bean monoculture, replacement intercropping planting with patterns of 1:1 and 2:2 ratio of coneflower: green beans], planting dates (June 30, July 30 and August 29), and cultivation of green beans in the spring of 2012 coincided with the emergence of coneflower.Results of the experiment showed that planting date of June 30 increased dry matter, caffeic acid derivates, total phenol and flavonoid contents of flower. Among the intercropping planting arrangements, patterns of 2:2 ratio of coneflower: green beans, increased flower dry matter. While the highest amount of cichoric acid, chlorogenic acid and echinacoside (29.3, 2.4 and 2.3 mg/g dry matter, respectively) were obtained in coneflower plants cultivated as sole crop. The maximum amount of total phenol and flavonoid contents of flower were detected in coneflower plants cultivated in June 30 and sole cropping pattern. Overall, it can be concluded that if the aim of cultivation of this plant is increasing production of caffeic acid derivatives, sole cropping is better than mixed cropping. However, for dry matter improvement, mixed cropping has more advantages. In addition, early cultivation of the crop is more suitable for caffeic acid derivatives and dry matter production than delayed planting.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Caffeic acid derivates
  • Flower dry matter
  • Total Flavonoid
  • total phenol

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 50، شماره 1
خرداد 1398
صفحه 61-76

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 03 آذر 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 01 اسفند 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 14 اسفند 1396

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