بررسی سازگاری و مقایسه صفات کمی و کیفی میوه چند رقم انگور تجاری خارجی و داخلی در منطقه ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی- باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران

2 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی- باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان قزوین، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران

چکیده

انگور بیدانه سفید، یکی از ارقام غالب مورد کشت در استان آذربایجان­غربی است. به­دلیل تولید زیاد این محصول و میان­رس بودن میوه، هر سال مشکلات زیادی از لحاظ بازاریابی ایجاد می­شود. بر این اساس لازم است از ارقام تجاری با عملکرد و کیفیت مناسب و زودرس برای توسعه باغات جدید و یا جایگزین استفاده شود. به­منظور بررسی سازگاری و مقایسه صفات میوه ارقام انگور ایرانی (بیدانه سفید قزوین و خلیلی سفید) با ارقام خارجی (Thompson seedless, Ruby seedless, Black seedless, Perlette, Flame seedless, Fiesta)، این پژوهش به­مدت سه سال در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی RCBD با 4 تکرار، در ایستگاه کهریز ارومیه به اجرا درآمد. نهال­ها به­صورت سیستم کوردون دوطرفه تربیت شدند. در مراحل فنولوژیکی، صفات عملکرد، طول، عرض و وزن خوشه و حبه، میزان قند، اسید و pH آب میوه و میزان بروز ناهنجاری­های شات­بری و نکروز چوب خوشه و زمان مراحل فنولوژیکی اندازه­گیری و ثبت شدند. سال و رقم، اثر معنی­داری روی اغلب صفات داشتند. بیشترین عملکرد در خلیلی سفید وجود داشت و پس از آن ارقام تامسون، فلیم و فیستا، به­ترتیب بیشترین عملکرد را داشتند. بیشترین وزن خوشه و حبه نیز در ارقام فیستا و رابی­سیدلس به‌دست آمد. انگور بیدانه سفید، بیشترین مقدار قند میوه را داشت. انگور پرلت، بسیار مستعد برای تولید شات­بری در مقایسه با ارقام دیگر بود. بر اساس نتایج به­دست آمده، انگور تامسون­سیدلس، به­واسطه زودرس‌بودن، عملکرد پایدار و بالا و بازارپسندی مطلوب به‌عنوان رقم برتر و سازگار برای منطقه ارومیه معرفی می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Adaptability and comparison of bunch and berry characteristic of some commercial foreign and Iranian grape cultivars in Urmia

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Doulati Baneh 1
  • Mohammad Ali Nejatian 2
1 Associate Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, West Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Qazvin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Qazvin, Iran
چکیده [English]

Bidaneh sefid is one of major cultivars that grow in West Azerbaijan province. Due to high production and mid ripening, every year huge problems occurs for its fruit marketing. For replacement and establishment of new vineyards, it is essential to use commercial cultivars with acceptable yield and early fruit ripening. To evaluate and compare quantitative and qualitative traits of some Iranian grapevine cultivars (Bidane sefid Qazvin, Khalili sefid) with six foreign cultivars (Thompson seedless, Flame seedless, Perllete, Fiesta, Ruby seedless and Black seedless) this study was carried out from 2010-2012 as RCBD design with four replications in Kahriz Horticulture Research Station, Urmia. Cultivars were prorogated in 2004-2005. Rooted cutting were transferred to the vineyard and trained as high bi lateral cordon system. The measured traits included, yield, berry and bunch length, width and weight, Total Soluble Solid (TSS), Titrable Acidy (TA), pH, shot berry and Bunch Stem Necrosis (BSN) incidence rate and phonological time. In the most measured traits there were significant differences among cultivars and studied years. The maximum mean of fruit yield were recorded in Khalili Sefid, Thompson seedless, flame seedless and Fiesta in three years, respectively. They showed high yield as compared to other grape cultivars. Maximum bunch and berry weight were observed in Fiesta and Ruby seedless cultivars, respectively. The most and the least TSS was recorded in Bidaneh Sefid and Khalili, respectively. Shot berry incidence rate was different among cultivars and studied years. Perllete cultivar was prone to shot berry production. Based on these results, Thompson seedless was acceptable because of earliness in ripening, higher yield with better fruit quality for marketing and is recommended as adapted and more suitable cultivar for cultivation in the Urmia region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Disorder
  • grape
  • germplasm
  • yield

مراجع

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 49، شماره 3
آذر 1397
صفحه 681-692

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 04 اردیبهشت 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 مرداد 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 شهریور 1396

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