بررسی رشد، عملکرد، کارایی مصرف آب و میزان تبخیر تعرق برخی توده‌های هندوانه در شرایط تنش خشکی تحت رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

این آزمایش به‌منظور ارزیابی مقاومت به تنش خشکی توده‌های هندوانۀ شریف‌آباد، اصفهان، ابوجهل و رقم کریمسون سوییت انجام گرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده دارای چهار رژیم آبیاری که 100درصد به‌عنوان شاهد، 75درصد، 50 درصد و 25 درصد آب قابل دسترس AW) =Available water) به‌عنوان شرایط تنش تقسیم‌بندی شدند، اجرا شد. بیشترین طول شاخساره و شمار گل‌های ماده در سطوح 100درصد و 75درصد آب قابل دسترس بود و کمترین آن در 25درصد آب قابل دسترس مشاهده شد. بیشترین کارایی مصرف آب برای هندوانۀ کریمسون سوییت با مقدار 16/34 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب در سطح 75درصد AW بود. بیشترین عملکرد برحسب تن در هکتار در هندوانۀ شریف‌آباد در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد و کمترین مقدار در رقم کریمسون سوییت در سطح 25درصدAW بدون میوه بود. با شدید شدن سطح تنش تودۀ شریف‌آباد و رقم کریمسون سوییت مقدار محتوای کل فنلی بیشتری نسبت به دیگر نمونه‌ها داشتند. در کل با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده می‌توان گفت که تودۀ شریف‌آباد نسبت به دیگر هندوانه‌های خوراکی مقاومت بهتری دارد. در رابطه با میزان تبخیر تعرق و KC(ضریب گیاهی) هندوانۀ کریمسون سوییت بیشترین و هندوانۀ ابوجهل کمترین میزان را به خود اختصاص دادند. استفاده از توده‌های محلی و متحمل هندوانه در برنامه‌های اصلاحی و مدیریت بهینۀ آبیاری می‌تواند به کشاورزان در رویارویی با کمبود آب کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of growth, yield, and water use efficiency and evaporation transpiration of some watermelon accessions at drought stress conditions under different irrigation regimes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Forouzandeh Soltani 1
  • Moein Shajari 2
  • Hamide Noory 1
1 Assistant Professor , University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587, Karaj, Iran
2 M.Sc. Student, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

This experiment was conducted in order to evaluate resistance to drought stress of watermelon accessions, Isfahan, Sharif-Abad, Crimson sweat and Colocynth as index plant. Experiment performed in Randomized Completely Block Design as split plot with four irrigation regimes (100% as control, 75%, 50% and 25% of available water). Results showed that the longest shoot and high number of female flower was at 100% and 75% AW while the lowest level was observed at 25%AW.The highest water use efficiency obtained from Crimson sweat with 34/16 Kg/m3 at 75%AW. The maximum fruit yield (ton/hectare) was for Sharif-Abad in control treatment and minimum amount for crimson sweat at 25%AW without any fruit. Sharif-Abad and crimson sweat had highest contents of total phenolic compound with increasing stress level in comparison with other samples. As a whole, based on results, Sharif-Abad accession was more tolerant accession in stress conditions. In respect to Evaporation Transpiration and KC, crimson sweat allocated maximum and colocynth minimum amount. The use of local and tolerant watermelon in breeding program and irrigation management could help in overcoming water shortage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Accession
  • Available water
  • ET
  • KC

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 49، شماره 2
شهریور 1397
صفحه 351-363

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 14 خرداد 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 اسفند 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 09 اسفند 1395

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