بررسی پاسخ‌های ریخت‌شناختی و بیوشیمیایی برخی گونه‌های چمن تلقیح شده با قارچ قارچریشه‌ای در شرایط تنش عنصر سرب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

2 استادیار، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

3 دانشیار، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

4 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

5 دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

کشت گیاهان پوششی مناسب در مدیریت خاک‌ و آب‌های آلوده به فلزهای سنگین می‌تواند مهم باشد. در این پژوهش، دو گونه قارچ قارچریشه‌ای یا مایکوریزا (Glomus mosseae ﻭ Glomus intraradices) بر جذب عنصر سرب، بهبود ویژگی‌های رشدی و تقویت سامانۀ پاداکسندگی (آنتی‌اکسیدانی) چهار گونه چمن سردسیری، فستوکای پابلند (Festuca aurandiance)، فستوکای آبی (Festuca ovina)، چچم چندساله (Lolium perenne) و علف گندمی بلند (Agropyron elongatum) بررسی شد. گیاهان تلقیح‌شده با قارچریشه‌ با غلظت‌های مختلف سرب (0، 2000 و 3000 میکرومولار) تیمار شدند. نتایج بررسی‌ها نشان داد، قارچ‌ قارچریشه، به‌ویژه G. intraradices، توانایی پرگنه شدن (کلونیزاسیون) با ریشۀ گونه‌های چمن در خاک آلوده به سرب را دارند. بیشترین درصد پرگنه شدن در گونۀ علف گندمی بلند مشاهده شد. قارچ‌های قارچریشه سبب افزایش وزن خشک اندام‌های هوایی، ریشه و میزان جذب سرب در گونه‌های مختلف چمن شدند. گونۀ فستوکای پابلند تلقیح‌شده با قارچ قارچریشۀ گونۀ G. intraradices بیشترین میزان جذب سرب را داشت. افزون بر این، قارچ قارچریشه مانع افزایش بیشتر پراکسید هیدروژن و مالون‌دی‌آلدئید برگ در رویارویی با تنش سرب شد و میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز را در گونه‌های مختلف چمن افزایش داد. درمجموع، قارچ قارچریشه توانست با تقویت سامانۀ پاداکسندگی و بهبود رشد چمن‌ها میزان سرب بیشتری را جذب کند، بدون آنکه نشانه‌های آسیب‌دیدگی نشان دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The study of morphological and biochemical responses of some mycorrhizae-inoculated turfgrass species to lead stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kamal Gholamipour Fard 1
  • Hedayat Zakizadeh 2
  • Mahmood Ghasemnezhad 3
  • Mohsen Kafi 4
  • Farhad Rejali 5
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
4 Professor, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
5 Associate Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research and Development Research Organization, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Cultivation of appropriate cover plants could be important on managing polluted soil and water with heavy metals. In the present study, effects of two mycorrhizae species (Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae) on lead accumulation, improving growth parameters and enzymatic antioxidant system of four cool-season turfgrass species, Festuca aurandiance, Festuca ovina, Lolium perenne, and Agropyron elongatum were investigated.Mycorrhizae inoculated plants were treated with different lead concentrations (0, 2000 and 3000 µM). Results showed that mycorrhizae fungus, especially G. intraradices has potential to colonizing with roots of different turfgrass species under lead polluted soil. The highest colonization percentage was found with Agropyron elongatum species. Mycorrhizae fungi led to an increase in root and shoot dry weight and Pb uptake at all studied turfgrass species. The maximum Pb uptake was found in Festuca aurandiance whichinoculated by G. intraradices. Furthermore, mycorrhizae fungi could suppress increasing of leaf H2O2 andmalondialdehyde when exposed to lead stress and increased antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in all turfgrass species. Overall, mycorrhizae could increase lead accumulation by enhancing enzymatic antioxidant system and improving turfgrass growth without observing any damage symptoms.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agropyron
  • enzymatic antioxidants
  • Festuca
  • Heavy metals
  • Phytoremediation

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 05 خرداد 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 29 آبان 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 19 دی 1395

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