بررسی تأثیر کیفیت نور در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای بر ریخت‌شناختی گیاهچه، رشد و تولید ریزغده سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum) در کشت هیدروپونیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

برای بررسی تأثیر منابع مختلف نور بر رشد گیاهچه‌های سیب‌زمینی در شرایط درون‌شیشه‌ای و عملکرد آن‌ها پس از کشت در گلخانه، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایۀ کامل تصادفی با شش تکرار در آزمایشگاه و گلخانۀ شرکت فناوران بذر یکتا در مشهد اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل هشت سطح نوری (دیودهای ساطع‌کنندۀ نور (LED) سفید، قرمز، آبی، ترکیب طیف آبی و قرمز به نسبت‌های 1:1، 1:3، 3:1، نور فلورسنت، نور طبیعی) و دو رقم سیب‌زمینی (آگریا، فونتانه) بودند. ریز ازدیادی گیاهچه‌ها از طریق کشت بافت در شرایط درون‌شیشه‌ای و محیط کشت پایۀ ‌MS صورت گرفت. گیاهچه‌ها چهار هفته در محیط کشت و تحت تیمارهای نوری قرار گرفتند، سپس از محیط کشت خارج‌شده و 90 روز در گلخانه، در نور طبیعی رشد کردند. نتایج نشان داد، گیاهچه‌های رقم آگریا در شرایط درون‌شیشه‌ای 73/0 سانتی‌متر ارتفاع بیشتری نسبت به رقم فونتانه داشتند. بیشترین و کمترین سطح برگ در شرایط درون‌شیشه‌ای در نور طبیعی و طیف قرمز به ترتیب با 79/2 و 50/0 سانتی‌متر مربع در بوته مشاهده شد. با افزایش نسبت نور قرمز در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای، در هر دو رقم شمار غده در بوته در گلخانه افزایش و وزن آن‌ها کاهش یافت. نور فلورسنت با 28/2 غده در بوته، کمترین شمار غده در بوته را تولید کرد. با افزایش طیف قرمز، بوته‌های سیب‌زمینی، شمار بیشتری غده با وزن و اندازۀ کوچک‌تر تولید کردند. به‌طورکلی در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای با استفاده از نور طبیعی امکان تولید گیاهچه‌های مناسب سیب‌زمینی برای کاهش هزینه‌ها وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different light sources in in vitro on growth, morphology and minituber production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in hydroponic conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Asadi 1
  • Mohammad Kafi 2
  • Jafar Nabati 3
  • Morteza Goldani 4
1 Former M. Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Assistance Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effect of different light quality, on the growth of potato plantlets in vitro, and their subsequent performance in the greenhouse, an experiment was performed in 2015 in Mashhad, in tissue culture laboratory and greenhouse of Yekta Seed Technology Company. A factorial experiment based on the completely randomized design with six replications performed. The first factor consisted of eight different light treatments as follows: white, red and blue Light-emitting diode (LED), combination of red and blue spectrum ratios of 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1, fluorescent lamp and natural light and the second factor was two potato cultivars including Agria and Fontane. MS culture medium was used for micro propagation of plantlets and plants fed with Hoagland nutrient solution in the greenhouse. After four weeks, the seedlings were removed from the culture medium, and their morphological properties were assessed and then plantlets transferred to the greenhouse and were grown in hydroponic condition for 90 days.Results showed that Agria in vitro plantlets were taller than the Fontane plantlets. Natural light produced the highest leaf area and the lowest leaf area was produced in blue spectrum. By increasing the red spectrum, number of tubers of both cultivars significantly increased and the weight of tubers per plant decreased. Fluorescent light source produced the lowest number of tubers per plant in both cultivars. By increasing ratio of red spectrum, potato plants produced higher tuber number with the smaller size and weight.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Blue spectrum
  • light emitting diode (LED)
  • minitubers
  • Red spectrum
  • Tissue culture

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 مهر 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 دی 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 بهمن 1395

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