فعالیت آنزیم فریک کیلیت ردوکتاز ریشۀ روشی برای ارزیابی تحمل به سبزروی ناشی از کمبود آهن در پایه‌های سیب (Malus domestica Borkh.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 مربی، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان

3 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

4 دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، کرج

5 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی دقیق تحمل به تنش کمبود آهن برخی از پایه­های رویشی سیب، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایۀ طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با هجده تیمار و سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل پایه در شش سطح (M9، M26، M7،M25 ، MM106، MM111) و آهن در سه سطح (محلول غذایی نصف غلظت هوگلند به‌عنوان شاهد، هوگلند بدون آهن، هوگلند افزون بر بی‌کربنات) انتخاب شدند. پایه‌های رویشی سیب در گلدان­های20 لیتری حاوی پرلیت کشت شدند. به مدت دو ماه و نیم با محلول غذایی نصف غلظت هوگلند تغذیه شدند سپس تیمارهای بالا به مدت 8 هفته روی نهال­ها اعمال شد. pH زهکش،فعالیت آنزیم فریک کیلیت ردوکتاز ریشه، رشد شاخه، وزن تر و خشک برگ و ریشه، تورم ریشه‌های موئین، سبزینۀ (کلروفیل) کل برگ، غلظت آهن برگ و ریشه اندازه‌گیری شد. بنابر نتایج به‌دست‌آمده پایه‌های M9، M7 و M25 در مقایسه با پایه‌های M26،MM106 و MM111 میزان سبزروی (کلروزیس) برگ کمتری نشان دادند. میزان فعالیت آنزیم فریک کیلیت ردوکتاز تحت تأثیر تیمار 2 میکرو مول در لیتر آهن در پایه‌های M9، M7 و M25 از دیگر پایه‌ها بیشتر بود، افزون بر فعالیت بیشتر FCR پایه‌های M9، M7 و M25، آن‌ها تأثیر بیشتری در کاهش pH در محیط فراریشه (ریزوسفر) نسبت به سه پایۀ دیگر داشته‌اند. شاخص زیست‌توده (بیوماس) یعنی نسبت وزن خشک ریشه به وزن خشک شاخه در پایه‌های M9، M7 و M25 میزان‌های بیشتری را نشان دادند. بنابر نتایج این آزمایش به دلیل وجود همبستگی معنی‌دار بین روش اندازه‌گیری FCR با ریشه­های جداشده و شاخص‌های سبزینگی برگ، کاهشpH ریزوسفر و زیست‌توده این روش، روش مناسبی برای غربالگری پایه­های سیب متحمل به سبزروی ناشی از کمبود آهن نسبت به روش اندازه‌گیری FCR با ریشه­های متصل به گیاه کامل است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Ferric chelate reductase activity as screening index for selecting iron chlorosis resistance of Apple rootstocks

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Pirmoradian 1 2
  • Lotfali Naseri 3
  • Hamid Abdollahi 4
  • Ali Asghar Shahabi 5
1 Former Ph.D. Student, Urumieh University
2 Instructor, Department of Horticultural Crop Resaerch, Isfshan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Horticultural Sciences Institute, AREEO, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Isfshan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

For precise evaluation of the sensitivity of some apple rootstocks to iron stress, an study with a factoreal approach was established based on a complete randomized design with 18 treatments and three replications. Experimental treatments included rootstocks in 6 levels (M9, M26, M7, M25, MM106, MM111) and iron was chosen in three levels(Half strength Hoagland solution as control, Half strength Hoagland without iron, Half strength Hoagland with Bicarbonate). Apple rootstocks were planted in 20 liter pots containing Perlite. Before beginning the experiment, the pots were supplied with half strength Hoagland solution for 2.5 months. After this period, the abovementioned treatments were applied on the rootstocks. Drainage pH was measured 5 times during the experiment. Root ferric chelate reductase activity (FCR) in separated roots and in the intact plant with connected roots was calculated. Then, plants were separated into shoots and roots in the laboratory. Ferric chelate reductase activity, shoot growth, dry and fresh weight of leaf and root, swelling of root tip, leaf chlorophyll (Chl) concentration and iron concentration of leaf and root were also measured. According to the achieved results, M9, M7 and M25 rootstocks in comparison with M26, MM106 and MM111, showed lower leaf chlorosis. Root Ferric chelate reductase activity for M9, M7 and M25 rootstocks treated with 2µM Fe was higher than other rootstocks. The rootstock M9 in this treatment increased 4.3 times in comparison to the control and the MM106 rootstock in 10 mM sodium bicarbonate treatment had the lowest FCR activity compared to the control.  In addition to the FCR increase in M9, M7 and M25 rootstocks, they had more effect in the rhizosphere  pH decrease than other rootstocks. Biomass indicator (root/shoot dry weight) in rootstocks of M9, M7 and M25 showed larger values. According to the result of this experiment, due to meaningful correlation between the measurement method of FCR with excised roots and chlorophyll index, this method is a suitable approach for screening of apple rootstocks with iron chlorosis in comparison with FCR measurement with intact plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Iron Chlorosis
  • rootstocks screening
  • rhizospher pH

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 اردیبهشت 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 26 خرداد 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 08 تیر 1395

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