بررسی تأثیر محلول‌های غذایی بر آنتوریوم گلدانی (Anthurium andreanum cv. LentiniRed) در کشت بدون خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

2 استاد، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

3 استادیار، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

چکیده

تأثیر محلول­های مختلف غذایی بر رشد و گلدهی گیاه زینتی آنتوریوم گلدانی (Anthurium andreanum cv. Lentini Red) در کشت بدون خاک از آبان سال 93 تا تیر سال 94، در گلخانۀ تحقیقاتی دانشگاه گیلان، در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با چهار نوع محلول غذایی (تیمار) و چهار تکرار (هر تکرار شامل پنج گلدان)، مقایسه شد. محلول­های غذایی یک (نیترات: نیتروژن کل، 5/3: 5/3)، و دو (نیترات: نیتروژن کل، 3: 3) بدون آمونیوم و محلول­های غذایی سه (نیترات: نیتروژن کل، 4: 5/4 و آمونیوم به نیتروژن کل، 5/0: 5/4) و چهار (نیترات: نیتروژن کل، 5/3: 4 و آمونیوم به نیتروژن کل، 5/0: 4)، حاوی آمونیوم بودند. محلول­های غذایی یک و سه حاوی 9/2 و محلول­های غذایی دو و چهار حاوی 4/2 میلی­اکی والان پتاسیم در لیتر محلول بود. نتایج نشان داد، از نظر شمار برگ، شمار گل، زمان گلدهی، میزان آنتوسیانین­های برگواره‌های بزرگ و رنگی به نام چمچه (Spathes)، سبزینه (کلروفیل)­های a و b، کاروتنوئیدها، غلظت عنصرهای نیتروژن، پتاسیم، منیزیم، کلسیم و آهن برگ اختلاف معنی­داری وجود داشت و از نظر ارتفاع بوته، طول و عرض چمچۀ گل، طول، عرض و سطح برگ و غلظت فسفر برگ اختلاف معنی­دار نبود. بیشترین شمار برگ و گل، مربوط به گیاهان تغذیه‌شده با محلول غذایی سه بود. گلدهی در گیاهان تیمارهای سه و چهار به‌طور معنی­داری سریع­تر رخ داد. بیشترین میزان آنتوسیانین­ها در چمچۀ گیاهان تغذیه‌شده با محلول غذایی دو و بیشترین میزان سبزینه­های a و کاروتنوئیدها، مربوط به تیمارهای یک و سه بود. کاربرد آمونیوم به‌عنوان منبع نیتروژن، منجر به کاهش غلظت کاتیون­ها و افزایش غلظت آهن برگ شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Nutrient solutions on potted Anthurium (Anthurium andreanum cv. LentiniRed) in soilless culture

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samaneh Fathollahi 1
  • Moazzam Hassanpour Asil 2
  • Hedayat Zakizadeh 3
  • Jamal-Ali Olfati 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

The effect of different nutritional solutions on growth and flowering of potted anthurium (Anthurium andreanum cv. LentiniRed) was comparised in soilless culture in a completely randomized design with four nutrient solutions (treatments) and four replications (each replication five pots), in a research green house in University of Guilan from November '2014 to July '2015. The first (nitrate/total nitrogen, 3.5/3.5) and second (nitrate/total nitrogen, 3/3) nutritional solutions were without ammunium and the third (nitrate/total nitrogen, 4/4.5 and ammonium/total nitrogen, 0.5/4.5) and forth (nitrate/total nitrogen, 3.5/4 and ammonium/total nitrogen, 0.5/4) ones included it. The first and third nutritional solutions included 2.9 and the second and forth ones included 2.4 meqK/l solution. The results showed significant differences among different treatments regarding the number of leaf, flower, flowering time, and the amount of spathʾs anthocyanins, leaf chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids, the concentrations of nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, calcium and iron in leaf. There were no significant difference for plant height, length and width of spath, length, width and area of the leaves and leaf phosphorus concentration. The most number of the leaves and flowers was found in the third nutrient solution. Flowering in third and forth treatments were faster than others. The most concentration of spathʾs anthocyanin was seen in plants related to the second treatment and the most chlorophyll a and carotenoid concentrations were observed in the first and third treatments. Ammonium as a nitrogen source led to a significant decrease in the cationsʼs concentration and an increase in iron concentration in leaf.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ammunium
  • Anthocyanin
  • mineral elements
  • Nitrate
  • spath

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 آذر 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 26 بهمن 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 22 اسفند 1394

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