اثر هرس تابستانه و محلول‌پاشی با کلسیم بر ترکیبات معدنی و کیفیت میوه‌ی کیوی رقم ’هایوارد‘

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان

2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه

3 پژوهشگر، مؤسسه تحقیقات مرکبات کشور، رامسر

چکیده

انجام هرس تابستانه و محلول‏پاشی کلسیمی می‏تواند کیفیت میوه‏های کیویرا بهبود بخشد. در این پژوهش، اثر هرس تابستانه در دو زمان، 2 و 15 روز بعد از ریزش گلبرگ‏ها به‌تنهایی یا همراه با محلول‏پاشی کلرید کلسیم 1‌درصد بر کیفیتو مقدار عناصر معدنی میوۀ کیوی رقم ’هایوارد‘ بررسی شده است. محلول‏پاشی کلسیمی 90 روز بعد از ریزش گلبرگ‏ها، با فاصلۀ 15 روز یک بار، جمعاً چهار مرحله انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که هرس تابستانه، به‌ویژه دو روز بعد از ریزش گلبرگ‏ها قطر و وزن میوه‏ها و میزان مواد جامد محلول (TSS) را به‌طور معنا‏داری افزایش داده است. همین‌طور، درختان شاهد (بدون هرس تابستانه و محلول‏پاشی کلسیمی) کمترین میزان ویتامین ث و مادۀ خشک را داشته‏اند.میزان کلسیم و منیزیم میوه‏ها و همچنین نسبت بین عناصر غذایی به‌طور معنا‏داری تحت‌تأثیر هرس تابستانه و تیمار کلسیم قرار گرفته‏اند، به‌عکس، میزان نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم تحت‌تأثیر آن‌ها قرار نگرفته‏اند. انجام هرس دو روز بعد از ریزش گلبرگ‏ها به‌تنهایی یا همراه با محلول‏پاشی کلسیمی در درختان، بالاترین میزان کلسیم و کمترین میزان منیزیم را نشان دادند. بالاترین نسبت عناصر غذایی، K/Ca، Mg/Ca، N/Ca در درختان شاهد (‌بدون انجام هرس و محلول‏پاشی) دیده شده است. در‌مجموع، انجام هرس تابستانه و محلول‏پاشی با کلسیم با افزایش مقدار کلسیم و کاهش نسبت برخی از عناصر غذایی به کلسیم میوه، کیفیت میوه‏های کیوی را بهبود بخشیده است.‌

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of summer pruning and spray with calcium on mineral composition and fruit quality of kiwifruit cv. Hayward

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyede Masoomeh Heidary Barkadehei1 1
  • Mahmood Ghasemnezhad 2
1
2 Associate Professor
3
چکیده [English]

Summer pruning and calcium spray could improve kiwifruits quality. In this study, effect of summer pruning in two times, 2 and 15 days after petal fall alone or in combination with %1 calcium chloride spray on fruit quality and mineral elements contents of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit was investigated. Calcium sprayed four times 90 days after petal fall with 15 days intervals. The results showed that summer pruning, especially 2 days after petal fall significantly increased fruit diameter, fruit weight and total soluble solid (TSS). Control vine )without summer pruning and calcium spray) had the lowest dry matter and vitamin C content. Fruit calcium and magnesium concentration and also nutrient elements ratios were significantly affected by summer pruning and calcium spray. In contrast, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content were not affected by them. The highest calcium and the lowest magnesium content were found in the vines that pruned 2 day after petal fall alone or in combination with calcium spray. The highest nutrient elements ratios, K/Ca, Mg/Ca, N/Ca was found in control vine (without pruning and calcium spray). Overall, summer pruning and calcium spray could ...

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • nutrient elements
  • Calcium Chloride
  • dry matter
  • pruning
  • Correlation
  1. Antunes, M. D. C., Neves, N., Curado, F., Rudrigoes, S., Franco, J. & Panagopoulos, T. (2007). The effects of calcium applications on kiwifruit quality preservation during storage. Acta Horticulturae, 753, 727-732.
  2. Ashouri, M., Ghasemnezhad, M., Ebrahimi, R. & Sabouri, A. (2012). Evaluation of storage life in kiwifruit cv, Hayward based on mineral composition of fruitlets and mature fruits. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 44, 431-441. (In Farsi).
  3. Assar, P., Eshghi, S., Tafazoli, E., Rahemi, M., Khazaeipoul, Y. G. & Monfared, A. S.(2009).Improving fruit quality in 'Hayward' kiwifruit using proper leaf to fruit ratios and girdling. Horticulture, Environment and Biotechnology, 50, 481-486.
  4. Atri, M., Gholami, M. & Karami, F. (2008). The Effects of calcium chloride foliar application on shelf life of strawberry cv. ' Kurdistan '. Agriculture Research, Water, Soil and Plant in Agriculture, 8(1), 47-55. (In Farsi).
  5. Awad, M. A. & de Jager, A. (2002). Relationships between fruit nutrients and concentration of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in Elstar apple skin. Scientia Horticulturae, 92, 265-276.
  6. Bangerth, T. (1979). Calcium–related physiological disorders of plants. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 17, 97-122.
  7. Barboni, T., Cannaca, M. & Chiavamonti, N. (2010). Effect of cold storage and ozone treatment on physiochemical parameters, soulble sugars and organic acid in Actinidia deliciosa. Food Chemistry, 12, 946-952.
  8. Bramlage, W.J. & Weis, S.A. (2004). Postharvest fruit quality and storage life in relation to mineral nutrients. American Society of Horticultural Science, 12, 11-12.
  9. Buxton, K. N. (2005). Preharvest practices affecting postharvest quality of Hayward kiwifruit. Ph.D. Thesis of Massey University, Massey University, North Palmerston, New Zealand.
  10. Boyd, L. M. & Barnett, A.M. (2007). Relationships between maturity, nutrition and fruit storage quality in kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae, 753, 501-508.
  11. Feng, J. (2003). Segregation of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit for storage potential. PhD Thesis of Massey Universit, Massey University, North Palmerston, New Zealand.
  12. Feng, J., Maguire, K. M. & MacKay, B.R. (2006). Discrimination batches of Hayward kiwifruit for storage potential. Postharvest biology and Technology, 41,128-134.
  13. Ferguson, A. R. & Ferguson, L. R. (2003(. Are kiwifruit really good for you? Acta Horticulturae, 610, 131-138.
  14. Ferguson, I. B., Throp, T. G., Barnett, A. M., Boyd, L. M. & Triggs, C. M. (2003). Inorganic nutrient concentrations and physiological pitting in 'Hayward' kiwifruit. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 78, 497-504.
  15. Ferguson, I. B. & Boyd, L. M. (2001). Inorganic nutrient of fruit. In: M. Knee. Ed. Fruit quality and its biological basis. Sheffield , UK: Sheffield academic press, pp 17-45.
  16. Ferguson, I. B. & Watkins, C. B. (1989). Bitter pit in apple fruit. Horticultural Reviews, 11, 289-355.
  17. Gerasopoulos, D., Chouliaras, V. & Lionakis. S. (1996). Effects of preharvest calcium sprays on maturity and storability of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 7, 65-72.
  18. Gerasopoulos, D. & Drogoudi, P.D. (2005). Summer-prunning and preharvest calcium chloride sprays affect storability and low temperature breakdown incidence in kiwifriut. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 36, 303-308.
  19. Harman, J. E. (1981). Kiwifruit maturity. The Orchardist of New Zealand, 54, 126-130.
  20. Hejazi, A., Shahroodi, M. & Ard Forush, M. (2004). The methods index on plant analysis. Edition University of Tehran. 98, 20-27. (In Farsi).
  21. Hopkirk, G., Harker, F. R. & Harman, J. E. (1990). Calcium and firmness of kiwifruit. New Zealand Journal of Crop & Horticulture Science, 18, 215-219.
  22. Kalra, P. Y. (1998). Handbook of reference methods for plant analysis. CRC Press. Boca Raton, USA.
  23. Kazemi, M., Aran, M. & Zamani, S. (2011). Effect of Calcium Chloride and salicylic acid treatment on quality characteristics of Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv.Hayward) during storage. American Journal of Plant Physiology, 6(3), 183–189.
  24. Krupa, T., Latocha, P. & Liwinska, A. (2011). Changes of physicochemical quality, phenolics and vitamin C content in hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta and its hybrid) during storage. Scientia Horticulturae, 130, 410-417.
  25. Kumar, P. S. & Basar, J. (2011). Influence of different degrees and stages of summer pruning on the vine characteristics, fruit yield and quality of Kiwifruit cv. Hayward. Indian Journals of Horticulture, 61, 466-471.
  26. Lancaster, J. E. & Macrae, E. A. (2000). Definition of preferred taste and aroma characteristics. Kiwifruit New Zealand Report for Project 283/99.
    1. Tromp, J. & Van Vuure, J. (1993). Accumulation of calcium, potassium and magnesium in apple fruits under various conditions of humidity. Physiological Plantarum, 89, 149-156.
    2. Mazumdar, B.C. & Majumder, B.S. (2003) Methods on physicochemical Analysis of fruit. Data publishing house. Delhi. 1035 p.
    3. Mierowska, A., Keutgen, N., Huysamer, M. & Smith, V. (2002). Photosynthetic acclimation of apple spurs leaves to summer-pruning. Scientia Horticulturae, 92, 9-27.
    4. Mohsen, T.A. (2011). Enhancement of Canino Apricot Fruit Quality, Storability and Shelf life via Calcium Sprays. Word Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 7(3), 246-257.
    5. Naphun, W., Kawada, K., Matsui, T., Yoshida, Y. & Kusunoki, M. (1997).Effects of Calcium Spray on the Quality of 'Nyoho' strawberries grown by peat-bag-substrate bench culture. Kasetsart Journal (Natural Science), 32, 9-14.
    6. Pacheco, C., Calouro, F. & Vieira, S. (2008). Influence of nitrogen and potassium on yield, fruit quality and mineral composition of kiwifruit. Energy and environment, 2, 517-521.
    7. Patterson, K. J. & Currie, M. B. (2011). Optimising kiwifruit vine performance for high productivity and superior fruit taste. Acta Horticulturae, 913, 257-268.
    8. Perring, M. A. & Preston, A. P. (1974). The effect of orchard factor on the chemical composition of apples. Composition in relation to disorders of fruit imported from the southern hemisphere. Journal ofthe Science of Food and Agriculture, 26, 681-689.
    9. Pescie. M.A. & Strik, B.C. (2004). Thinnig before bloom affects fruits size and yield of Hardy kiwifruit. Horticulture Science, 39(6), 1243-1245.
    10. Poovaviah, B.W. (1986). Role of calcium in prolonging storage life of fruits and vegetables. FoodTechnology, 58, 86-89.
    11. Salinero, M. C., Vela, P. & Sainz, M. J. (2009). Phenological growth stages of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa" Hayward"). Scientia Horticulturae, 121, 27-31.
    12. Smith, G. S., Geravett, I.M., Edwards, C.M., Curtis, J. P. & Buwalda, J. G. (1994). Spatial analysis on the canopy of kiwifruit vines as it relates to the physical. Chemical and postharvest attributes of the fruit. Annals of Botany, 73, 99-111.
    13. Xiloyannis, C., Celano, G., Montanaro, G. & Dichio, B. (2003). Calcium absorption and distribution in mature kiwifruit plants. Acta Horticulturae, 610, 331-334.