علوم باغبانی ایران

علوم باغبانی ایران

تأثیر کاربرد پس از برداشت نانوسلولز حاوی عصاره مورد بر ویژگی‌های کیفی و ماندگاری میوه توت‌فرنگی رقم پاروس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
2 گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران
چکیده
توت‌فرنگی به عنوان یک میوه حساس، مستعد آسیب‌های مکانیکی و فیزیولوژیکی بوده و به دلیل متابولیسم بالا، سرعت تخریب آن در طول دوره نگهداری زیاد است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف افزایش عمر پس از برداشت توت‌فرنگی، به بررسی تأثیر نانوسلولز (در دو سطح صفر و 5/1 درصد) به همراه عصاره مورد (در سه سطح صفر، 2 و 4 درصد) پرداخته است. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در دمای 4 درجه سلسیوس و رطوبت نسبی 90 درصد انجام شد. تیمارها شامل نانوسلولز (صفر و 5/1 درصد)، عصاره مورد (صفر، 2 و 4 درصد) و ترکیب نانوسلولز 5/1 درصد و عصاره مورد 2 و 4 درصد بودند. ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی توت‌فرنگی در زمان‌های صفر، 6، 12 و 18 روز انبارمانی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر متقابل زمان، نانوسلولز و عصاره مورد بر کاهش وزن، اسید آسکوربیک، فلاونوئید، آنتوسیانین، ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و پلی‌فنل‌اکسیداز معنی‌دار بود. اثر متقابل زمان و عصاره مورد بر فنل کل، سفتی، اسیدیته قابل تیتراسیون و pH و اثر متقابل زمان و نانوسلولز بر اسیدیته قابل تیتراسیون معنی‌دار بود. همچنین، اثر متقابل نانوسلولز و عصاره مورد بر pH معنی‌دار بود. نتایج نشان داد که میوه‌های تیمار شده در مقایسه با نمونه شاهد، سفتی، محتوای فنل و فلاونوئید کل، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، اسید آسکوربیک و اسیدهای قابل تیتراسیون بالاتری و pH و کاهش وزن کمتری داشتند. در میوه‌های تیمار شده با ترکیب نانوسلولز 5/1 درصد +2 درصد عصاره مورد، کمترین میزان کاهش وزن و فعالیت آنزیم پلی‌فنل‌اکسیداز و بیشترین میزان اسید آسکوربیک مشاهده شد. کمترین میزان آنتوسیانین در میوه‌های تیمار شده با نانوسلولز 5/1 درصد و بیشترین میزان سفتی و اسید آسکوربیک در میوه‌های تیمار شده با 2 درصد عصاره مورد مشاهده شد. به طور کلی، تیمار با ترکیب نانوسلولز 5/1 درصد +2 درصد عصاره مورد با حفظ اسید آسکوربیک، مهار آنزیم پلی‌فنل‌اکسیداز و کاهش کاهش وزن، تأثیر مثبتی بر کیفیت توت‌فرنگی داشت. با توجه به اهمیت اقتصادی توت‌فرنگی و میزان بالای ضایعات آن، استفاده از این تیمار به منظور بهبود ویژگی‌های این محصول ارزشمند توصیه می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The effect of post-harvest application of nanocellulose containing myrtle extract on the quality characteristics and shelf life of Paros strawberry fruit

نویسندگان English

Somayeh Karimi Dehbakri 1
Abdollah Ehtesham Nia 1
Hasan Mumivand 1
Somayeh Rastegar 2
1 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandarabbas, Iran
چکیده English

Strawberry is a highly perishable fruit susceptible to mechanical and physiological damage, exhibiting rapid metabolism and deterioration during storage. This study aimed to investigate the effects of nanocellulose (0 and 1.5%) in conjunction with myrtle extract (0, 2, and 4%) on extending the postharvest life of strawberries. The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications at 4 °C and 90% relative humidity. The treatments consisted of nanocellulose (0 and 1.5%), myrtle extract (0, 2, and 4%), and the combined application of nanocellulose at 1.5% and myrtle extract at 2 and 4%. Physiological and biochemical characteristics were evaluated at 0, 6, 12, and 18 days of storage. Analysis of variance revealed significant interactions between time, nanocellulose, and myrtle extract for weight loss, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity, and polyphenol oxidase activity. Significant interactions between time and myrtle extract were observed for total phenolics, firmness, titratable acidity, and pH. The interaction between time and nanocellulose was significant for titratable acidity, while the interaction between nanocellulose and myrtle extract was significant for pH. The results indicated that treated fruits exhibited higher firmness, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid, and titratable acidity, while they showed lower pH and weight loss than the control group. The lowest weight loss and polyphenol oxidase activity, along with the highest ascorbic acid content, were observed in fruits treated with 1.5% nanocellulose and 2% myrtle extract. The lowest anthocyanin content was observed in fruits treated with 1.5% nanocellulose, while the highest firmness and ascorbic acid content were observed in fruits treated with 2% myrtle extract. Overall, the combined treatment of 1.5% nanocellulose and 2% myrtle extract effectively preserved ascorbic acid, inhibited polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity, and reduced weight loss. Considering the economic importance of strawberries and their high postharvest losses, the application of this treatment is recommended to improve the quality and extend the shelf life of this valuable product.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Coating
Extract
Myrtle nanocellulose
Phenolic compounds
Strawberry

Extended Abstract

Introduction

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an economically important fruit widely cultivated worldwide and is known for its desirable aroma, taste, and flavor. It is a valuable source of minerals, vitamins, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, all of which contribute substantially to human health and nutrition. However, strawberries are highly perishable and require specialized postharvest handling. They are particularly vulnerable to deterioration, postharvest diseases, and microbial contamination, factors that can negatively impact their quality attributes and diminish their nutritional value. Myrtus communis L. (Myrtle) is a medicinal plant with a rich history of use in traditional medicine, and its diverse therapeutic properties have long been a subject of scientific inquiry. This evergreen shrub is indigenous to regions of Asia and the Mediterranean. Numerous studies have demonstrated that various extracts derived from M. communis contain potent antioxidant compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, and α-tocopherol.

 

Materials and Methods

'Paros' cultivar strawberries were harvested from a commercial greenhouse in Kurdistan, Iran, and immediately transported to the Horticultural Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University. Nanocellulose gel, sourced from Polymer Nano Novin (Gorgan, Iran), was used to prepare the coating solution. Specifically, a 1.5% (w/v) nanocellulose suspension was stirred for one hour. Following this, 20% (v/v) glycerol (as a plasticizer) and myrtle extract (at 2% and 4% (w/v) concentrations) were incorporated into the nanocellulose suspension. The resulting solution was then sonicated and immediately applied to the harvested strawberries.

 

Results and Discussion

Analysis of variance indicated significant interactions between storage time, nanocellulose concentration, and myrtle extract concentration for both weight loss and ascorbic acid content. A significant interaction between storage time and myrtle extract concentration was also observed for firmness, titratable acidity, and pH. The interaction between storage time and nanocellulose concentration significantly affected titratable acidity, while the interaction between nanocellulose and myrtle extract concentrations significantly influenced pH. Coating strawberry fruits with a nanocellulose-myrtle extract formulation improved their physicochemical characteristics. Specifically, fruits treated with 1.5% nanocellulose and 2% myrtle extract exhibited the lowest weight loss, lowest polyphenol oxidase activity, and highest ascorbic acid content. In general, this combined treatment (1.5% nanocellulose and 2% myrtle extract) improved ascorbic acid retention, inhibited polyphenol oxidase activity, and reduced weight loss. Given the economic importance of strawberries and their high postharvest losses, this treatment is recommended for enhancing fruit quality and extending shelf life. Strawberries are highly perishable due to their thin skin, making them susceptible to rapid water loss. Weight loss during storage is primarily attributed to increased respiration rates and transpiration, the evaporative loss of water from the fruit surface. Edible coatings provide a protective barrier, impeding water transfer and evaporation, thus mitigating water loss. Composite coatings may enhance ascorbic acid content by minimizing oxidation at the coating interface and restricting gas exchange. Furthermore, these coatings can preserve vitamin content by regulating gas exchange and respiration, while also reducing light exposure and maintaining a modified internal fruit atmosphere.

 

Conclusion

Generally, the application of a nanocellulose-extract coating (1.5% nanocellulose, 2% extract) proved effective in maintaining key quality attributes of strawberries during storage. Specifically, this treatment significantly reduced weight loss, a major factor in postharvest deterioration, and inhibited polyphenol oxidase activity, an enzyme linked to browning. Critically, the coating also preserved ascorbic acid content, an important nutritional component. These findings suggest that this coating formulation has considerable potential for enhancing the postharvest life and marketability of strawberries.

 

Author Contributions

Somayeh Karimi Dehbakri: Do experiment, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft. Abdollah Ehtesham Nia: Funding acquisition, Resources, Project administration, Review & editing, Resources, Investigation. Hasan Mumivand: Review & editing. Somayeh Rastegar: Review & editing, All authorshave read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript

 

 

 

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

 

 

Acknowledgements

This paper is published as a part of a Ph.D. Thesis. The authors would like to thank the infrastructure support of Lorestan University for its support.

 

Ethical considerations

The plant material strawberry fruit was purchased from a research greenhouse in Kordestan, Iran. This article did not contain any studies with human participants or animals and did not involve any endangered or protected species. The experimental research on plants is comply with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation

 

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

منابع

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دوره 56، شماره 4
زمستان 1404
صفحه 679-702

  • تاریخ دریافت 12 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 24 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 16 اردیبهشت 1404