University of TehranIranian Journal of Horticultural Science2008-482X56220250622Effect Of Vermicompost Integration With Nitrogen, Sulfur, And Manganese On Fruit Yield, Some Agronomic Traits, And Water Use Efficiency Of Cucumber Under Greenhouse ConditionsEffect Of Vermicompost Integration With Nitrogen, Sulfur, And Manganese On Fruit Yield, Some Agronomic Traits, And Water Use Efficiency Of Cucumber Under Greenhouse Conditions20522110021610.22059/ijhs.2025.385023.2225FANosratollahNajafiDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranHakimehHajilouDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranMohammad RezaSarikhaniDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20241109To investigate effects of vermicompost (VC), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and manganese (Mn) on fruit yield, some agronomic traits, and water use efficiency (WUE) of cucumber (<em>Cucumis sativus</em> L.), an experiment was conducted on the basis of a completely randomized design with 16 treatments and 3 replications under greenhouse conditions. The treatments included control, N: using 150 mg N/kg soil as urea, Mn: using 13 mg Mn/kg soil as MnSO<sub>4</sub>.2H<sub>2</sub>O, S: using 500 mg elemental S/kg soil, N+Mn, N+S, S+Mn, N+S+Mn, VC: using 30 g VC/kg soil, VC+N, VC+Mn, VC+S, VC+N+S, VC+N+Mn, VC+S+Mn, and VC+N+S+Mn. In this research, traites such as fresh and dry weights of fruit, fruit volume, fruit length, fruit diameter, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root, plant height, biological yield, number of leaves, and WUE were measured. The results showed that applications of urea and manganese sulfate fertilizers in soil significantly increased shoot dry matter, plant height, fruit diameter, and fruit length of cucumber, but did not have significant effects on other studied characteristics. Application of S<sup>◦</sup> in soil significantly increased plant height, fruit diameter and length of cucumber, but did not have significant effect on other studied characteristics. Application of VC significantly increased fresh and dry weights of fruit, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit volume, number of fruits, number of leaves, plant height, fresh and dry weights of shoot, biological yield, and WUE. The highest values of all studied traits were observed in the integrated treatment of VC+N+Mn+S. In general, in order to increase yield of cucumber and reduce using chemical fertilizers, integrated application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers of urea, manganese sulfate, and elemental sulfur could be recommended in similar conditions.To investigate effects of vermicompost (VC), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and manganese (Mn) on fruit yield, some agronomic traits, and water use efficiency (WUE) of cucumber (<em>Cucumis sativus</em> L.), an experiment was conducted on the basis of a completely randomized design with 16 treatments and 3 replications under greenhouse conditions. The treatments included control, N: using 150 mg N/kg soil as urea, Mn: using 13 mg Mn/kg soil as MnSO<sub>4</sub>.2H<sub>2</sub>O, S: using 500 mg elemental S/kg soil, N+Mn, N+S, S+Mn, N+S+Mn, VC: using 30 g VC/kg soil, VC+N, VC+Mn, VC+S, VC+N+S, VC+N+Mn, VC+S+Mn, and VC+N+S+Mn. In this research, traites such as fresh and dry weights of fruit, fruit volume, fruit length, fruit diameter, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root, plant height, biological yield, number of leaves, and WUE were measured. The results showed that applications of urea and manganese sulfate fertilizers in soil significantly increased shoot dry matter, plant height, fruit diameter, and fruit length of cucumber, but did not have significant effects on other studied characteristics. Application of S<sup>◦</sup> in soil significantly increased plant height, fruit diameter and length of cucumber, but did not have significant effect on other studied characteristics. Application of VC significantly increased fresh and dry weights of fruit, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit volume, number of fruits, number of leaves, plant height, fresh and dry weights of shoot, biological yield, and WUE. The highest values of all studied traits were observed in the integrated treatment of VC+N+Mn+S. In general, in order to increase yield of cucumber and reduce using chemical fertilizers, integrated application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers of urea, manganese sulfate, and elemental sulfur could be recommended in similar conditions.https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_100216_bc83e0aeb9ec5502a23681f8bd2cd27c.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Horticultural Science2008-482X56220250622Assessment of Phenotypic Diversity in Tomato Genotypes Based on Morphological, Physical, Chemical, and Descriptive TraitsAssessment of Phenotypic Diversity in Tomato Genotypes Based on Morphological, Physical, Chemical, and Descriptive Traits22324610257610.22059/ijhs.2025.395727.2276FANoushinAshrafiDepart,ment of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj- IranMohammadrezaHassandokhtDepart,ment of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj- IranMajidShokrpourDepart,ment of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj- IranJournal Article20250521This study was conducted to evaluate the phenotypic diversity among 39 tomato genotypes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The plant materials included a range of both local and commercial cultivars that were examined to identify valuable traits for breeding and crop improvement. The experiment was carried out under field conditions using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The evaluated traits encompassed morphological characteristics (such as fruit shape and size), physical attributes (firmness and density), chemical properties (pH, titratable acidity, TSS, and TSS/TA ratio), as well as descriptive traits such as fruit color, pericarp thickness, and number of locules. The results of analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test revealed significant differences among genotypes at the 1% probability level. Traits such as total fruit weight per plant, number of fruits, fruit firmness, and TSS/TA ratio showed the greatest variation among the genotypes. To identify phenotypic clustering patterns, hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method was also performed, resulting in distinct genotype groupings. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable basis for selecting superior parental lines of tomato in breeding programs aimed at enhancing yield, fruit quality, and developing cultivars adapted to various production goals and market demands.This study was conducted to evaluate the phenotypic diversity among 39 tomato genotypes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The plant materials included a range of both local and commercial cultivars that were examined to identify valuable traits for breeding and crop improvement. The experiment was carried out under field conditions using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The evaluated traits encompassed morphological characteristics (such as fruit shape and size), physical attributes (firmness and density), chemical properties (pH, titratable acidity, TSS, and TSS/TA ratio), as well as descriptive traits such as fruit color, pericarp thickness, and number of locules. The results of analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test revealed significant differences among genotypes at the 1% probability level. Traits such as total fruit weight per plant, number of fruits, fruit firmness, and TSS/TA ratio showed the greatest variation among the genotypes. To identify phenotypic clustering patterns, hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method was also performed, resulting in distinct genotype groupings. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable basis for selecting superior parental lines of tomato in breeding programs aimed at enhancing yield, fruit quality, and developing cultivars adapted to various production goals and market demands.https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_102576_fa71c95969fdb4101a8c2db5aa70dc56.pdf