University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Effect of polyamines on morphophysiological characteristics of Dutch iris ‎‎(Iris hollandica 'Blue Magic') cut flower Effect of polyamines on morphophysiological characteristics of Dutch iris ‎‎(Iris hollandica 'Blue Magic') cut flower 269 280 83294 10.22059/ijhs.2020.287494.1701 FA Seyed Hashem Mortazavi Ph. D. Candidate, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran Masoud Arghavani Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran 0000-0002-4445-3517 Moazzam Hassanpour Asil Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Azizollah Kheiri Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran Journal Article 2019 08 18 Polyamines are low molecular weight organic polycations containing two or more amino groups and their application in agriculture is going to increase as a result of their positive impact on plant physiological responses. This greenhouse study was applied in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of polyamines (putrescine and spermine) at four levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) on morphophysiological characteristics of Dutch iris (Iris hollandica 'Blue Magic'). Foliar spraying treatments were performed from 3-leaf stage, weekly. The results showed that putrescine and spermine increased vase life and flower diameter and the highest record was observed in 2 mM putrescine treatment. Plants that treated with 2 mM putrescine and spermine had the greatest amount of petals anthocyanin and leaf chlorophyll content. All polyamines treatments increased post-harvest flower fresh weight and petals soluble solids content and the maximum rise was detected by 2 mM putrescine application. According to the results of this study, the best results were found in both 2 mM putrescine and 1 mM spermine treatments, where the lowest electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content and the most antioxidant enzymes catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities was obtained. Polyamines are low molecular weight organic polycations containing two or more amino groups and their application in agriculture is going to increase as a result of their positive impact on plant physiological responses. This greenhouse study was applied in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of polyamines (putrescine and spermine) at four levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) on morphophysiological characteristics of Dutch iris (Iris hollandica 'Blue Magic'). Foliar spraying treatments were performed from 3-leaf stage, weekly. The results showed that putrescine and spermine increased vase life and flower diameter and the highest record was observed in 2 mM putrescine treatment. Plants that treated with 2 mM putrescine and spermine had the greatest amount of petals anthocyanin and leaf chlorophyll content. All polyamines treatments increased post-harvest flower fresh weight and petals soluble solids content and the maximum rise was detected by 2 mM putrescine application. According to the results of this study, the best results were found in both 2 mM putrescine and 1 mM spermine treatments, where the lowest electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content and the most antioxidant enzymes catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities was obtained.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_83294_8586ce82c85717b10bf705d70c4bc80e.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Effects of molybdenum stress on antioxidant system performance of parsley ‎seedlings (Petroselinum sativum L.) under laboratory condition Effects of molybdenum stress on antioxidant system performance of parsley ‎seedlings (Petroselinum sativum L.) under laboratory condition 281 291 83295 10.22059/ijhs.2019.287992.1708 FA Sedigheh Barati Former M. Sc. Student,, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Mehrdad Lahouti Professor, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Monireh Cheniany Assistant Professor, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Journal Article 2019 09 19 Since agricultural soils in many parts of the world are contaminated with varying amounts of heavy metals, heavy metal stress is one of the major issues in these areas that can have a negative effects on crop production. In this study, the effect of different levels of molybdenum [Control (C: 1.9 µM), C+0.5, C+2.5, C+5, C+10 µM sodium molybdate] was evaluated on the growth and function of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system of parsley at seedling stage. The results showed that although the molybdenum stress decreased dry weight and length of both plant parts (shoot and root) as well as membrane stability index and relative water content, it had an increasing effect on proline (150% increase in proline content of shoot compared to control) and phenolic compounds (80% and 85% increase in phenolic content of shoot and root, compared to control). The activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase, benzidine peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase was also increased under molybdenum stress. Therefore, it may be concluded that parsley seedlings try to "tolerate" the stress condition of molybdenum heavy metal at this physiological-growth stage by partially reducing the growth process and, in turn, enhancing its antioxidant defense systems. Since agricultural soils in many parts of the world are contaminated with varying amounts of heavy metals, heavy metal stress is one of the major issues in these areas that can have a negative effects on crop production. In this study, the effect of different levels of molybdenum [Control (C: 1.9 µM), C+0.5, C+2.5, C+5, C+10 µM sodium molybdate] was evaluated on the growth and function of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system of parsley at seedling stage. The results showed that although the molybdenum stress decreased dry weight and length of both plant parts (shoot and root) as well as membrane stability index and relative water content, it had an increasing effect on proline (150% increase in proline content of shoot compared to control) and phenolic compounds (80% and 85% increase in phenolic content of shoot and root, compared to control). The activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase, benzidine peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase was also increased under molybdenum stress. Therefore, it may be concluded that parsley seedlings try to "tolerate" the stress condition of molybdenum heavy metal at this physiological-growth stage by partially reducing the growth process and, in turn, enhancing its antioxidant defense systems.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_83295_ff5f96c71cbc7fcaec9ffb0e20665fa6.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Evaluation of tuber yield and some quantitative and qualitative traits of 15 promising potato ‎genotypes in Ardebil region Evaluation of tuber yield and some quantitative and qualitative traits of 15 promising potato ‎genotypes in Ardebil region 293 303 83296 10.22059/ijhs.2020.292072.1737 FA Yousef Jahani Jelodar Ph.D. Graduate, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran‎ Taher Barzegar Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran‎ 0000-0002-5062-3869 Davod Hassanpanah Associate Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, ‎AREEO, Ardabil, Iran Zahra Ghahremani Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran‎ 0000-0001-8279-9124 Journal Article 2019 11 16 High yield, earliness and high quality of new potato cultivars have an important role in food security, reducing price fluctuations and warehousing costs, and access to fresh produce all season years. In this study, quantitative and qualitative traits of 15 potato genotypes from breeding populations were studied in a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications for two years (2017 and 2018) in Ardebil region. The results showed that interaction effect of genotype in year was significant for total tuber yield, marketable tuber yield, tuber number and weight per plant, plant height and days number to tuberization significant at the 1% level, and had no significant effects on number of main stem per plant, tuber dry matter percentage, tuber specific gravity, starch percentage, vitamin C and tuber protein percentage. Genotypes 901375, 90275, Savalan, 90527, 90127, 90827, Agria and Marfona had the highest yield during two years of experiment. Among the high yielding genotypes, genotypes 901375 and Savalan had the highest percentage of tuber dry matter, tuber specific gravity, tuber starch percentage, vitamin C of tuber and protein percentage. Genotypes 901375 and Savalan were selected as high yielding genotypes with appropriate qualitative traits based on yield and yield components of tuber and measured traits. High yield, earliness and high quality of new potato cultivars have an important role in food security, reducing price fluctuations and warehousing costs, and access to fresh produce all season years. In this study, quantitative and qualitative traits of 15 potato genotypes from breeding populations were studied in a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications for two years (2017 and 2018) in Ardebil region. The results showed that interaction effect of genotype in year was significant for total tuber yield, marketable tuber yield, tuber number and weight per plant, plant height and days number to tuberization significant at the 1% level, and had no significant effects on number of main stem per plant, tuber dry matter percentage, tuber specific gravity, starch percentage, vitamin C and tuber protein percentage. Genotypes 901375, 90275, Savalan, 90527, 90127, 90827, Agria and Marfona had the highest yield during two years of experiment. Among the high yielding genotypes, genotypes 901375 and Savalan had the highest percentage of tuber dry matter, tuber specific gravity, tuber starch percentage, vitamin C of tuber and protein percentage. Genotypes 901375 and Savalan were selected as high yielding genotypes with appropriate qualitative traits based on yield and yield components of tuber and measured traits.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_83296_cd99b88bea91dfe006bc9b89c9fe4327.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Effect of post-veraison deficit irrigation on berries yield, quality and water use ‎efficiency of grape cvs‏.‏‎ Keshmeshi and Sahebi ‎ Effect of post-veraison deficit irrigation on berries yield, quality and water use ‎efficiency of grape cvs‏.‏‎ Keshmeshi and Sahebi ‎ 305 315 83426 10.22059/ijhs.2017.236292.1276 FA Marjan Ashori Ph.D. Candidate, University Campus, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Mahmood Ghasemnezhad Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran 0000-0002-7615-2639 Mohammad Hassan Bigouei Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Journal Article 2017 06 24 In this study, the effect of different post-veraison deficit irrigation treatments on yield and berry quality of grape cvs. ‘Keshmeshi’ and ‘Sahebi was evaluated in a split plot experiment with a randomized complete block design. The treatments were control, irrigated at 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and deficit irrigation at 80, 60 and 40% of control during post-veraison till harvesting. Results showed that no significant difference was found between control and 80 deficit irrigation for berry yield, mean berries and cluster weight, but deficit irrigation at 60 and 40 % decreased berry yield up to 22 and 37%, respectively as compared to control. The deficit irrigation at 40% increased TSS in Keshmeshi, but in Sahebi cultivar, deficit irrigation resulted to decrease TSS. Furthermore, deficit irrigation also decreased TSS to TA ratio. The highest phenolic content, which found in Keshmeshi and Sahebi cultivars at 80% deficit irrigation was 60 and 40% more than control. The antioxidant activity of Keshmeshi and Sahebi cultivars was increased 45 and 34% as compared to control with 80 and 40% deficit irrigation. Deficit irrigation at 80% of control could save water up to 20%, without reducing water use efficiency. In general, 80% deficit irrigation might be sufficient to maintain yield potential of Keshmeshi and Sahebi cultivars, without significant loss in grape quality. In this study, the effect of different post-veraison deficit irrigation treatments on yield and berry quality of grape cvs. ‘Keshmeshi’ and ‘Sahebi was evaluated in a split plot experiment with a randomized complete block design. The treatments were control, irrigated at 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and deficit irrigation at 80, 60 and 40% of control during post-veraison till harvesting. Results showed that no significant difference was found between control and 80 deficit irrigation for berry yield, mean berries and cluster weight, but deficit irrigation at 60 and 40 % decreased berry yield up to 22 and 37%, respectively as compared to control. The deficit irrigation at 40% increased TSS in Keshmeshi, but in Sahebi cultivar, deficit irrigation resulted to decrease TSS. Furthermore, deficit irrigation also decreased TSS to TA ratio. The highest phenolic content, which found in Keshmeshi and Sahebi cultivars at 80% deficit irrigation was 60 and 40% more than control. The antioxidant activity of Keshmeshi and Sahebi cultivars was increased 45 and 34% as compared to control with 80 and 40% deficit irrigation. Deficit irrigation at 80% of control could save water up to 20%, without reducing water use efficiency. In general, 80% deficit irrigation might be sufficient to maintain yield potential of Keshmeshi and Sahebi cultivars, without significant loss in grape quality.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_83426_12b8c6340b6fd6f9ed82a5785f3019b6.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Effect of gibberellic acid and zinc sulfate spraying on fruit cracking and quantitative ‎and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate cv. ‘Malase Saveh’‎ Effect of gibberellic acid and zinc sulfate spraying on fruit cracking and quantitative ‎and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate cv. ‘Malase Saveh’‎ 317 328 83427 10.22059/ijhs.2020.273643.1583 FA Kadijeh Karami M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran Javad Erfani-Moghadam Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Ira 0000-0002-6994-9658 Masoud Bazgir Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Ira Orang Khademi Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2019 01 12 In the current study, for reducing of fruit cracking and improvement of quantity and quality of pomegranate fruit cv. ‘Malase Saveh’, gibberellic acid (0, 30 and 60 mg/l) and zinc sulfate (0, 1500 and 3000 mg/l) treatments were utilized as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Gibberellic acid and zinc sulfate was sprayed in three stages of fruit developmet in the late of spring and midsummer. The fruit and leaf samples were harvested randomly from various parts of the pomegranate trees at fruit ripening and some morpho-physiological characteristics of fruit and leaf were measured. The results showed that the spraying of gibberellic acid alone or in combination with zinc element significantly reduced the fruit cracking percentage compared to the control. The lowest level of fruit cracking was related to gibberellic acid treatments with levels of 60 and 30 mg/l and 3000 mg/l zinc element with mean values of 7.73 and 7.80%, respectively. The highest amount of fruit cracking was observed in control samples (30 %). The fruit weight, length and diameter, moisture percentage and thickness of fruit peel, TSS, zinc element and ascorbic acid concentrations significantly were increased with application of 60 and 30 mg/l gibberellic acid, and 3000 mg/l zinc sulfate compared with the control samples. In general, the results showed that spraying of pomegranate trees with gibberellic acid and zinc sulfate can improved some morpho-physiological characteristics of the fruit, which are effective in controlling of fruit cracking and increasing the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pomegranate fruit. In the current study, for reducing of fruit cracking and improvement of quantity and quality of pomegranate fruit cv. ‘Malase Saveh’, gibberellic acid (0, 30 and 60 mg/l) and zinc sulfate (0, 1500 and 3000 mg/l) treatments were utilized as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Gibberellic acid and zinc sulfate was sprayed in three stages of fruit developmet in the late of spring and midsummer. The fruit and leaf samples were harvested randomly from various parts of the pomegranate trees at fruit ripening and some morpho-physiological characteristics of fruit and leaf were measured. The results showed that the spraying of gibberellic acid alone or in combination with zinc element significantly reduced the fruit cracking percentage compared to the control. The lowest level of fruit cracking was related to gibberellic acid treatments with levels of 60 and 30 mg/l and 3000 mg/l zinc element with mean values of 7.73 and 7.80%, respectively. The highest amount of fruit cracking was observed in control samples (30 %). The fruit weight, length and diameter, moisture percentage and thickness of fruit peel, TSS, zinc element and ascorbic acid concentrations significantly were increased with application of 60 and 30 mg/l gibberellic acid, and 3000 mg/l zinc sulfate compared with the control samples. In general, the results showed that spraying of pomegranate trees with gibberellic acid and zinc sulfate can improved some morpho-physiological characteristics of the fruit, which are effective in controlling of fruit cracking and increasing the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pomegranate fruit.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_83427_5e6967834fdc608e0e8a315fa8ed9beb.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Evaluation of palnt density and nitrogen on phonological characteristics, ‎photosynthesis capacity‏ ‏and qualitative traits of guar landrace (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.)‎‏ ‏ Evaluation of palnt density and nitrogen on phonological characteristics, ‎photosynthesis capacity‏ ‏and qualitative traits of guar landrace (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.)‎‏ ‏ 329 339 83428 10.22059/ijhs.2020.287878.1703 FA Heydar Meftahizadeh Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Ardakan, Ardakan, Iran 0000-0003-2806-4551 Mohammad Hassan Asareh Professor, Research Institute of Seed and Seedling Registration and Certification, Karaj, Iran‎ Journal Article 2019 08 31 In order to evaluate the effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer on phonological, qualitative, photosynthesis capacity and yield components of guar native population, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2018 at Iranshahr, Iran. The main factor was four levels of plant density (25, 45, 60 and 85 plants/m2) and the sub factor, nitrogen fertilizer from the source of urea (0, 50, 100, 150 kg / ha). The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of plant density on all traits was significant, except carbohydrate, protein and gum at 1% level. Comparison of mean plant density showed that 25 and 85 plants / m2 had the highest and lowest number of branches, respectively. Treatments of 45 and 85 plants /m2 had the highest and lowest mean of seed yield and biological yield per hectare, respectively. The interaction of 100 kg N fertilizer and 60 plants/ m2 devoted the highest percentage of protein and interaction of 0 kg N fertilizer and 45 plants/m2 has minimum protein percent. Results showed that, in order to obtain high seed and gum yield product, density of 45 plants/m2 followed by 50 kg nitrogen/ha in Grembite landraces were recommended. In order to evaluate the effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer on phonological, qualitative, photosynthesis capacity and yield components of guar native population, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2018 at Iranshahr, Iran. The main factor was four levels of plant density (25, 45, 60 and 85 plants/m2) and the sub factor, nitrogen fertilizer from the source of urea (0, 50, 100, 150 kg / ha). The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of plant density on all traits was significant, except carbohydrate, protein and gum at 1% level. Comparison of mean plant density showed that 25 and 85 plants / m2 had the highest and lowest number of branches, respectively. Treatments of 45 and 85 plants /m2 had the highest and lowest mean of seed yield and biological yield per hectare, respectively. The interaction of 100 kg N fertilizer and 60 plants/ m2 devoted the highest percentage of protein and interaction of 0 kg N fertilizer and 45 plants/m2 has minimum protein percent. Results showed that, in order to obtain high seed and gum yield product, density of 45 plants/m2 followed by 50 kg nitrogen/ha in Grembite landraces were recommended.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_83428_4323c2918c9d1815f2a4b91f29f2dad9.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 The effect of application of bio-fertilizer containing Pantoea agglomerans compared ‎to urea fertilizer on growth and quality of turfgrass The effect of application of bio-fertilizer containing Pantoea agglomerans compared ‎to urea fertilizer on growth and quality of turfgrass 341 351 83429 10.22059/ijhs.2020.288515.1714 FA Nadia Emami M. Sc. Graduate, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran Akbar Hassani Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran Ali Reza Vaezi Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran Mohammad BabaAkbari Sari Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran 0009-0005-3255-378X Journal Article 2019 09 08 The use of environmentally friendly biofertilizers and their replacement with chemical fertilizers can be one of the options for grass nutrition management. In this study the effect of Pantoea agglomerans bacteria on growth and quality of grass and its comparison with urea fertilizer was investigated. This experiment was carried out in greenhouse in pots with four treatments of turfrass cultivation in a conventional way as control (Gr), application of urea equivalent to 100 kg/ha (GrU), application of nitrogen fixing bacteria of Pantoea agglomerans (GrPA), and application of nitrogen fixing bacteria of Pantoea agglomerans + PGPR (GrPP) with three replications. The results showed that the highest fresh weight was observed in GrU treatment. GrPA and GrPP treatments also had a positive effect on fresh weight after urea treatment. Biofertilizer efficiency for dry weight in GrPA and GrPP treatments was 32.9 % and 11.6 %, respectively. Application of biofertilizer containing Pantoea agglomerans alone or in combination with growth promoting bacteria increased the appearance of grass compared to the control treatment, but was less than urea treatment. Biofertilizers also increased the concentrations of nitrogen, potassium, manganese and zinc in the leaves compared with the control treatment. In general, the results of this study showed that the use of Pantoea agglomerans as a nitrogen fixing bacteria has a positive effect on the growth and quality of grass and it can be used as a partial substitute for urea fertilizer. The use of environmentally friendly biofertilizers and their replacement with chemical fertilizers can be one of the options for grass nutrition management. In this study the effect of Pantoea agglomerans bacteria on growth and quality of grass and its comparison with urea fertilizer was investigated. This experiment was carried out in greenhouse in pots with four treatments of turfrass cultivation in a conventional way as control (Gr), application of urea equivalent to 100 kg/ha (GrU), application of nitrogen fixing bacteria of Pantoea agglomerans (GrPA), and application of nitrogen fixing bacteria of Pantoea agglomerans + PGPR (GrPP) with three replications. The results showed that the highest fresh weight was observed in GrU treatment. GrPA and GrPP treatments also had a positive effect on fresh weight after urea treatment. Biofertilizer efficiency for dry weight in GrPA and GrPP treatments was 32.9 % and 11.6 %, respectively. Application of biofertilizer containing Pantoea agglomerans alone or in combination with growth promoting bacteria increased the appearance of grass compared to the control treatment, but was less than urea treatment. Biofertilizers also increased the concentrations of nitrogen, potassium, manganese and zinc in the leaves compared with the control treatment. In general, the results of this study showed that the use of Pantoea agglomerans as a nitrogen fixing bacteria has a positive effect on the growth and quality of grass and it can be used as a partial substitute for urea fertilizer.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_83429_dafd5c00f7059f831b443bfb76ef4024.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Morphological and physiological responses of grafted Sultana grapevine on Iranian ‎and American rootstocks to drought stress Morphological and physiological responses of grafted Sultana grapevine on Iranian ‎and American rootstocks to drought stress 353 367 83624 10.22059/ijhs.2020.260522.1463 FA Dariush Madadi Ph. D. Candidate, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, ‎Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ali Ebadi Professor, College of Agriculture & Natural Resouces, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 0000-0002-7043-255X Hamed Dolati Baneh Associate Professor, Department of Crop-Horticultural Research, Agricultural Research and Training Center and Natural Resources ‎of West Azerbaijan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Urmia, Iran 0000-0003-4246-7277 Vahid Abdousi Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, ‎Tehran, Iran Mehdi Hadadinejad Assistant Professor, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran 0000-0001-7776-4832 Journal Article 2018 07 14 Drought stress has different effects on plant growth and metabolism and is one of the most important factors limiting the growth of grapes. In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on some morphological traits and gas exchanges, own-rooted Sultana cultivar and grafted on Rasheh grape and 1103-P rootstocks were selected. This research was conducted by factorial arrangement in completely randomized design with three levels of drought stress and four replications at 2015-2016. Drought stress was applied after plants growth. The time of plants arrival to medium and severe stress levels was determined by weighted-volumetric method. Membrane stability index (MSI), leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf area (LA), leaf mass area (LMA), specific leaf area (SLA), chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, photosynthesis rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) were measured. The results showed that drought stress significantly decreased MSI and RWC. LA and LMA showed a significant difference between two levels of stress treatments. Under stress conditions, the SLA values of the non-grafted Sultana were significantly different. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll, gs and E decreased significantly by increasing drought stress. The results of measured traits of this study indicated the positive effect of the rootstocks used on increasing the resistance of susceptible Sultana grapes to drought conditions compared to non-grafted ones. Based on the findings of this research, Iranian grape variety (Rasheh) as the rootstock, as well as the famous American rootstock (1103), showed good tolerance to drought stress. Drought stress has different effects on plant growth and metabolism and is one of the most important factors limiting the growth of grapes. In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on some morphological traits and gas exchanges, own-rooted Sultana cultivar and grafted on Rasheh grape and 1103-P rootstocks were selected. This research was conducted by factorial arrangement in completely randomized design with three levels of drought stress and four replications at 2015-2016. Drought stress was applied after plants growth. The time of plants arrival to medium and severe stress levels was determined by weighted-volumetric method. Membrane stability index (MSI), leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf area (LA), leaf mass area (LMA), specific leaf area (SLA), chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, photosynthesis rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) were measured. The results showed that drought stress significantly decreased MSI and RWC. LA and LMA showed a significant difference between two levels of stress treatments. Under stress conditions, the SLA values of the non-grafted Sultana were significantly different. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll, gs and E decreased significantly by increasing drought stress. The results of measured traits of this study indicated the positive effect of the rootstocks used on increasing the resistance of susceptible Sultana grapes to drought conditions compared to non-grafted ones. Based on the findings of this research, Iranian grape variety (Rasheh) as the rootstock, as well as the famous American rootstock (1103), showed good tolerance to drought stress.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_83624_fbacfbc792ce0090057c554fe168ab61.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Comparison of the green space maintenance using Holistic and Meticulous methods from the ‎superviors’ and contractors’ view‏ ‏ Comparison of the green space maintenance using Holistic and Meticulous methods from the ‎superviors’ and contractors’ view‏ ‏ 369 379 83935 10.22059/ijhs.2020.287959.1705 FA Fatemeh Kazemi Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Seyedeh Maliheh Rabbani Kheir Khah Ph.D. Candidate, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Hamid Massoudi Assistant Professor of Sociology and Faculty Member, University of Birjand, Iran Journal Article 2019 08 27 For the maintenance of urban green spaces in Iran, two main methods of surveillance consisting of the Holistic and the Meticulous methods have been employed. This study, for the first time in Iran, investigated the ideas of the contractors and the supervisors about the two methods. Initially, the opinions of 100 experts who were active in the green space maintenance of Mashhad (including 50 supervisors and 50 contractors) during 2015 were collected through designing a questionnaire, and the questionnaire was tested for its validity and reliability before being distributed among the supervisors and the contractors. The results showed that the supervisors and the contractors preferred the Meticulous method more than the Holistic method to optimize the green space maintenance of Mashhad. The Meticulous method can better than the Holistic method reveals the hidden aspects of the maintenance of the green spaces. This method reduces the staff requirements by the contractors and recognizes the problems of the green spaces more quickly. Also, the projects maintained by this method brings more economic benefits for the contractors and the supervisors and provides higher quality maintained green spaces. The supervisors and the contractors in this study had similar views on many of the eight dimensions of the maintenance of the green spaces, and only they had different opinions related to the indicators of increasing the agreement between the contractors and the supervisors, and better economic benefit for the two job titles. For the maintenance of urban green spaces in Iran, two main methods of surveillance consisting of the Holistic and the Meticulous methods have been employed. This study, for the first time in Iran, investigated the ideas of the contractors and the supervisors about the two methods. Initially, the opinions of 100 experts who were active in the green space maintenance of Mashhad (including 50 supervisors and 50 contractors) during 2015 were collected through designing a questionnaire, and the questionnaire was tested for its validity and reliability before being distributed among the supervisors and the contractors. The results showed that the supervisors and the contractors preferred the Meticulous method more than the Holistic method to optimize the green space maintenance of Mashhad. The Meticulous method can better than the Holistic method reveals the hidden aspects of the maintenance of the green spaces. This method reduces the staff requirements by the contractors and recognizes the problems of the green spaces more quickly. Also, the projects maintained by this method brings more economic benefits for the contractors and the supervisors and provides higher quality maintained green spaces. The supervisors and the contractors in this study had similar views on many of the eight dimensions of the maintenance of the green spaces, and only they had different opinions related to the indicators of increasing the agreement between the contractors and the supervisors, and better economic benefit for the two job titles.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_83935_62afbc57ab75791a38f7d727efa90fc7.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Investigation of some biochemical and physiological changes in leaves of olive (Olea ‎europaea L.) cultivars during cold acclimation and de-acclimation stage ‎ Investigation of some biochemical and physiological changes in leaves of olive (Olea ‎europaea L.) cultivars during cold acclimation and de-acclimation stage ‎ 381 390 83936 10.22059/ijhs.2020.297583.1768 FA Safoora Saadati Former Ph.D. Student,, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran‎ Bahram Bani Nasab Associate Professor, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran‎ Mostafa Mobli Professor, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran‎ Mahdiyeh Gholami Associate Professor, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran‎ Journal Article 2020 02 12 This study was conducted to investigate the changes in the levels of soluble carbohydrate, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic acid and fatty acid composition of olive during cold acclimation and deacclimation related with freezing tolerance (FT). Three olive cultivars, Amphisis, Gorgan and Manzanilla were selected and leaf samples were prepared from field-grown trees from autumn to summer at six times (November, December, December, February, April and July). The FT was measured by exposure to artificial freezing (0ºC to –25ºC). Result showed that there was a significant difference between the olive cultivars in terms of FT at each stage of sampling. The FT of cultivars increased during the cold acclimation stage and declined in deacclimation stage. Soluble carbohydrates, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, leaf dry matter, especially from the beginning of cold acclimation until full acclimation, in cold-tolerant –Amphisis– cultivar was more than the Gorgan and Manzanilla cultivars. The highest ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in both January and July was observed in Amphisis cultivar. Therefore, compounds such as soluble carbohydrates, total phenolic content, and fatty acids can be used as biochemical indicator of FT in screening of olive cultivars. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in the levels of soluble carbohydrate, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic acid and fatty acid composition of olive during cold acclimation and deacclimation related with freezing tolerance (FT). Three olive cultivars, Amphisis, Gorgan and Manzanilla were selected and leaf samples were prepared from field-grown trees from autumn to summer at six times (November, December, December, February, April and July). The FT was measured by exposure to artificial freezing (0ºC to –25ºC). Result showed that there was a significant difference between the olive cultivars in terms of FT at each stage of sampling. The FT of cultivars increased during the cold acclimation stage and declined in deacclimation stage. Soluble carbohydrates, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, leaf dry matter, especially from the beginning of cold acclimation until full acclimation, in cold-tolerant –Amphisis– cultivar was more than the Gorgan and Manzanilla cultivars. The highest ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in both January and July was observed in Amphisis cultivar. Therefore, compounds such as soluble carbohydrates, total phenolic content, and fatty acids can be used as biochemical indicator of FT in screening of olive cultivars.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_83936_af1f6658a546ce4e40e87c489224e23e.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Study on chemical compositions of essential oil of some Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. & ‎Esfand. natural populations in Hormozgan province Study on chemical compositions of essential oil of some Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. & ‎Esfand. natural populations in Hormozgan province 391 403 83937 10.22059/ijhs.2021.321568.1914 FA Safiyeh Binava M.Sc. Student, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran Alireza Yavari Assistant Professor, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran 0000-0002-4786-0759 Majid Shokrpour Associate Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 0000-0001-9377-554X Journal Article 2021 04 11 Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. & Esfand. is an endemic medicinal plant which belonging to the Lamiaceae family where grows wild in Iran. In the present study, the aerial parts of this plant were collected at full flowering stage from four habitats in Hormozgan province including Dagh-e-Fino, Sarchahan, Bastak, Sirmand and Tang-e-Zagh. The plant materials were dried at shade and at room temperature. The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation with three replications, the yields were calculated based on dry weight and the oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results showed that the essential oil contents from Dagh-e-Fino, Sarchahan, Bastak, Sirmand and Tang-e-Zagh natural populations obtained 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.4 (w/w %), respectively. A total of 40 compounds were identified in the essential oils of the aerial parts of S. mirzayanii, of which 28 compounds were common to all natural populations. The most identified chemical components were observed in Dagh-e-Fino and Bastak populations (36 compounds) and the lowest in Sarchahan population (33 compounds). Results of essential oil compound analysis revealed that δ-cadinene, linalool, 1,8-cineol, α-terpineol, γ-cadinene and α-terpinyl acetate were the major compounds among the essential oils of studied populations. Existence of differences among populations of S. mirzayanii showed that in addition to the effect of plant inheritance, it also has a high adaptation potential so that a wide range of climatic conditions. Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. & Esfand. is an endemic medicinal plant which belonging to the Lamiaceae family where grows wild in Iran. In the present study, the aerial parts of this plant were collected at full flowering stage from four habitats in Hormozgan province including Dagh-e-Fino, Sarchahan, Bastak, Sirmand and Tang-e-Zagh. The plant materials were dried at shade and at room temperature. The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation with three replications, the yields were calculated based on dry weight and the oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results showed that the essential oil contents from Dagh-e-Fino, Sarchahan, Bastak, Sirmand and Tang-e-Zagh natural populations obtained 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.4 (w/w %), respectively. A total of 40 compounds were identified in the essential oils of the aerial parts of S. mirzayanii, of which 28 compounds were common to all natural populations. The most identified chemical components were observed in Dagh-e-Fino and Bastak populations (36 compounds) and the lowest in Sarchahan population (33 compounds). Results of essential oil compound analysis revealed that δ-cadinene, linalool, 1,8-cineol, α-terpineol, γ-cadinene and α-terpinyl acetate were the major compounds among the essential oils of studied populations. Existence of differences among populations of S. mirzayanii showed that in addition to the effect of plant inheritance, it also has a high adaptation potential so that a wide range of climatic conditions.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_83937_2e3dfb6f40a052a5d6fe40c83802b02c.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Effects of shrink film wrapping, wax coating and paper packaging on the quality ‎attributes of pomegranates (Punica granatum L.) cvs. ‘Eshkafto’ and ‘Rabbab’ ‎during cold storage Effects of shrink film wrapping, wax coating and paper packaging on the quality ‎attributes of pomegranates (Punica granatum L.) cvs. ‘Eshkafto’ and ‘Rabbab’ ‎during cold storage 405 418 83938 10.22059/ijhs.2021.322813.1924 FA Mohammad Reza Safizadeh Assistant Professor, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran Journal Article 2021 05 15 This study investigated the effects of six postharvest treatments including: 1) wrapping with shrink film, 2) wax coating, 3) paper packing, 4) wax coating plus film-wrapping, 5) wax coating plus paper packing, 6) uncovered, on the physicochemical quality attributes of pomegranate, cvs. ‘Eshkafto’ and ‘Rabbab’. Treated fruits stored at 3.5 °C and about 85 % relative humidity for up to 12 weeks. Mean weight loss of pomegranate cvs. ‘Eshkafto’ and ‘Rabbab’ was lower in film-wrapped (1.19%), wax coated plus paper packed (1.94%), wax coated (3.67%) and paper-packed fruits (4.27%) compared with uncovered fruits (9.61%), respectively. However, the efficiency of wax coating plus film-wrapping in reducing weight loss (1.01%) was not superior to film-wrapping alone (1.19%). Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of film-wrapped and also wax coated plus film-wrapped fruits of cv. ‘Eshkafto’ significantly were higher than that, control fruit, but with cv. ‘Rabbab’ only total anthocyanin of these treatments were higher than control fruit. Film wrapping plus wax coating also was highly effective in reducing electrolyte leakage in the husk of fruits and might be enhanced low temperature tolerance in pomegranates. Cultivar ‘Eshkafto’ had the highest contents of total phenolic, total anthocyanin, total soluble solids, titratable acid, ethanol and antioxidant activity. This study investigated the effects of six postharvest treatments including: 1) wrapping with shrink film, 2) wax coating, 3) paper packing, 4) wax coating plus film-wrapping, 5) wax coating plus paper packing, 6) uncovered, on the physicochemical quality attributes of pomegranate, cvs. ‘Eshkafto’ and ‘Rabbab’. Treated fruits stored at 3.5 °C and about 85 % relative humidity for up to 12 weeks. Mean weight loss of pomegranate cvs. ‘Eshkafto’ and ‘Rabbab’ was lower in film-wrapped (1.19%), wax coated plus paper packed (1.94%), wax coated (3.67%) and paper-packed fruits (4.27%) compared with uncovered fruits (9.61%), respectively. However, the efficiency of wax coating plus film-wrapping in reducing weight loss (1.01%) was not superior to film-wrapping alone (1.19%). Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of film-wrapped and also wax coated plus film-wrapped fruits of cv. ‘Eshkafto’ significantly were higher than that, control fruit, but with cv. ‘Rabbab’ only total anthocyanin of these treatments were higher than control fruit. Film wrapping plus wax coating also was highly effective in reducing electrolyte leakage in the husk of fruits and might be enhanced low temperature tolerance in pomegranates. Cultivar ‘Eshkafto’ had the highest contents of total phenolic, total anthocyanin, total soluble solids, titratable acid, ethanol and antioxidant activity.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_83938_aa8421f1bfa88db96dee4a6a627ea29b.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Pistacia atlantica Desf. essential oil from thirteen ‎natural habitats Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Pistacia atlantica Desf. essential oil from thirteen ‎natural habitats 419 428 83939 10.22059/ijhs.2020.298425.1774 FA Maryam Didehvar M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Taghi Ebadi Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-4979-7367 Mahdi Ayyari Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-9332-9574 Journal Article 2020 03 01 Baneh (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) is one of the main wild species of Pistacia in Iran. The exudate of this plant is an oleo-gum-resin that comes out of the outer layer of plant bark and is called “Saghez” in Iran. In this study, the content and chemical composition of oleo-gum-resin essential oil from thirteen habitats in Iran, including: Lamerd, Gachsaran, Dehpabid, Jiroft, Marivan (Govaz, Ghamishleh, Anjiran, Haneh sheikhan), Kahnoj, Shorigeh, Dalaho, Andimeshk, Ilam were investigated. The essential oil extraction was carried out through hydro-distillation by the Clevenger apparatus for three hours. Identification and quantification of individual components were performed by GC/MS and GC-FID, respectively. The results showed that the highest and the lowest essential oil content (26.6% and 9.5%) belonged to Marivan (Govaz) and Jiroft, respectively. Also, the essential oil content of Shorigeh (25%), Marivan-Anjiran (25%), Marivan-Ghamishleh (24.6%) was desirable. In total, thirty-nine compounds were identified. α–pinene, β–pinene, camphene, sabinene, δ-2-carene, α–phellandrene, α-terpinene, ρ–cymene, cis-limonene oxide, ρ–cymenene, trans-pinocarveol, cis-isocitral, neo-iso-verbanol and myrtenal were identified as main constituents. Also, monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main group of essential oils in all samples and they formed 81.1% to 97.9% of components. Baneh (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) is one of the main wild species of Pistacia in Iran. The exudate of this plant is an oleo-gum-resin that comes out of the outer layer of plant bark and is called “Saghez” in Iran. In this study, the content and chemical composition of oleo-gum-resin essential oil from thirteen habitats in Iran, including: Lamerd, Gachsaran, Dehpabid, Jiroft, Marivan (Govaz, Ghamishleh, Anjiran, Haneh sheikhan), Kahnoj, Shorigeh, Dalaho, Andimeshk, Ilam were investigated. The essential oil extraction was carried out through hydro-distillation by the Clevenger apparatus for three hours. Identification and quantification of individual components were performed by GC/MS and GC-FID, respectively. The results showed that the highest and the lowest essential oil content (26.6% and 9.5%) belonged to Marivan (Govaz) and Jiroft, respectively. Also, the essential oil content of Shorigeh (25%), Marivan-Anjiran (25%), Marivan-Ghamishleh (24.6%) was desirable. In total, thirty-nine compounds were identified. α–pinene, β–pinene, camphene, sabinene, δ-2-carene, α–phellandrene, α-terpinene, ρ–cymene, cis-limonene oxide, ρ–cymenene, trans-pinocarveol, cis-isocitral, neo-iso-verbanol and myrtenal were identified as main constituents. Also, monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main group of essential oils in all samples and they formed 81.1% to 97.9% of components.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_83939_d0dfb7fb3dfdae6715c98d9bd014a4ec.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Effects of potassium and calcium on vegetative growth and mineral balance of apple ‎tree grafted on dwarfing rootstocks, under salinity stress Effects of potassium and calcium on vegetative growth and mineral balance of apple ‎tree grafted on dwarfing rootstocks, under salinity stress 429 446 83940 10.22059/ijhs.2018.253336.1410 FA Mina Mohebbi Ph. D. Candidate, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, ‎Karaj, Iran Mesbah Babalar Professor, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 0000-0001-8645-625X Mohammad Reza Fattahi Moghaddam Professor, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 0000-0001-5300-1582 Mohammad Ali Askari Sarcheshmeh Associate Professor, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 0000-0003-3920-357X Journal Article 2018 02 24 Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stress that by disrupting mineral balance, affects the growth and fertility of plants. In order to investigate the effects of calcium and potassium nutrition on increasing the apple trees tolerance to salinity stress, a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design was conducted in two years, in which six nutritional solutions were used to simulate different levels of salt stress conditions by several amounts of calcium, potassium, magnesium and sodium chloride. According to the results, trees grafted on MM111 showed the earliest and the most frequent symptoms of chlorosis and necrosis in both years, and the trees grafted on M9 rootstocks showed less symptoms than two other rootstocks during the both years. In both years of experiment, correlation between percentage of necrotized leaves, leaf loss and decreasing vegetative growth with leaves chloride content was higher than their correlation with leaf sodium content. Also, the results showed that in both years of experiment, the D nutritional solution (5 mM KNO3, 3.5 mM Ca (NO3)2, 3.57 mM MgSO4 & 6 mM NaCl), could suppress the symptoms of stress in the trees and maintained their growth. Trees grafted on M9 rootstocks, were healthier during the stress period, and also after this period they had higher survival and recovery ability than the two other rootstocks. Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stress that by disrupting mineral balance, affects the growth and fertility of plants. In order to investigate the effects of calcium and potassium nutrition on increasing the apple trees tolerance to salinity stress, a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design was conducted in two years, in which six nutritional solutions were used to simulate different levels of salt stress conditions by several amounts of calcium, potassium, magnesium and sodium chloride. According to the results, trees grafted on MM111 showed the earliest and the most frequent symptoms of chlorosis and necrosis in both years, and the trees grafted on M9 rootstocks showed less symptoms than two other rootstocks during the both years. In both years of experiment, correlation between percentage of necrotized leaves, leaf loss and decreasing vegetative growth with leaves chloride content was higher than their correlation with leaf sodium content. Also, the results showed that in both years of experiment, the D nutritional solution (5 mM KNO3, 3.5 mM Ca (NO3)2, 3.57 mM MgSO4 & 6 mM NaCl), could suppress the symptoms of stress in the trees and maintained their growth. Trees grafted on M9 rootstocks, were healthier during the stress period, and also after this period they had higher survival and recovery ability than the two other rootstocks.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_83940_dbecbf52ba12d8788ce3671ae25f5b39.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Preliminary evaluation of compatibility, growth and yield of Khatooni melon’s scion ‎on different cucurbit rootstocks in the field condition Preliminary evaluation of compatibility, growth and yield of Khatooni melon’s scion ‎on different cucurbit rootstocks in the field condition 447 459 84054 10.22059/ijhs.2020.293811.1744 FA Maedeh Fereshtian Ph.D. Candidate, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Reza Salehi Assistant Professor, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 0000-0002-7192-2948 Abdolkarim Kashi Professor, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Mesbah Babalar Professor, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 0000-0001-8645-625X Journal Article 2020 01 04 In order to investigate the compatibility of the melon (khatooni) scions on different cucurbit rootstocks, a field experiment was conducted based on a complete blocks design with three replications in Horticultural Science Research Station of University of Tehran during 2017. Seven different rootstocks named as Rout Power, ES 900, RZ12, Nongwoo 01, RZ6, PS580, Shintozwa and additionally control rootstock (Khatooni) and Khatooni as scion were used in the current research. Compatibility these rootstocks evaluated based on plant growth pattern, performance and fruit quality of Khatooni melon. The highest fruit yield obtained on RZ6 and ES rootstocks, respectively. Large number of fruit per plant was observed on Shintozwa and Rout Power rootstocks, respectively and the highest total soluble solids was found on Shintozwa rootstock. Electrical conductivity of raw sap was higher in the grafted plants compared to non-grafted plants. Maximum amount of raw sap per day was collected from Nongwoo 01 rootstock. Maximum percentage of root dry weight was found on the Nongwoo 01 as compatible rootstock which was significantly higher than other grafted rootstocks and control. The first morphological signs of incompatibility were detected by increasing the diameter difference between grafting union and rootstock or scion. This diameter difference was significantly higher for PS580 as incompatible rootstock compared to Nongwoo 01 as compatible rootstock. Based on the results, Shintozwa and Rout Power rootstocks could be recommended as appropriate and compatible rootstocks for the khatooni melon. In order to investigate the compatibility of the melon (khatooni) scions on different cucurbit rootstocks, a field experiment was conducted based on a complete blocks design with three replications in Horticultural Science Research Station of University of Tehran during 2017. Seven different rootstocks named as Rout Power, ES 900, RZ12, Nongwoo 01, RZ6, PS580, Shintozwa and additionally control rootstock (Khatooni) and Khatooni as scion were used in the current research. Compatibility these rootstocks evaluated based on plant growth pattern, performance and fruit quality of Khatooni melon. The highest fruit yield obtained on RZ6 and ES rootstocks, respectively. Large number of fruit per plant was observed on Shintozwa and Rout Power rootstocks, respectively and the highest total soluble solids was found on Shintozwa rootstock. Electrical conductivity of raw sap was higher in the grafted plants compared to non-grafted plants. Maximum amount of raw sap per day was collected from Nongwoo 01 rootstock. Maximum percentage of root dry weight was found on the Nongwoo 01 as compatible rootstock which was significantly higher than other grafted rootstocks and control. The first morphological signs of incompatibility were detected by increasing the diameter difference between grafting union and rootstock or scion. This diameter difference was significantly higher for PS580 as incompatible rootstock compared to Nongwoo 01 as compatible rootstock. Based on the results, Shintozwa and Rout Power rootstocks could be recommended as appropriate and compatible rootstocks for the khatooni melon.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_84054_f99bcec2555e9e410673fa04ea04fb17.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Effect of light emitting diodes irradiation on morpho-physiological traits ‎of three ‎Mentha Spp.‎ Effect of light emitting diodes irradiation on morpho-physiological traits ‎of three ‎Mentha Spp.‎ 461 471 84055 10.22059/ijhs.2020.298413.1771 FA Mostafa Khazaei Ph. D. Candidate,, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Fariba Rafiei Assitant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran ‎ Mohammad Reza Sabzalian Associate Professor, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Saadollah Houshmand Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran ‎ Journal Article 2020 03 01 Medicinal plants have long been recognized as valuable sources economically and pharmacologically. The family of Lamiaceae comprises a wide range of plants, which are commercially cultivated for their medical usage. Due to high marketability, producers continually investigate to maximize yield and productivity of these plants. Photoregulation is an effective strategy to improve productivity of plants. In the present work, we have studied the effect of different LED light treatments on morpho-physiological response of three different mint species including mint, peppermint and pennyroyal plants. The light treatments included red LED, blue LED, combined red and blue LEDs, and white emitted from fluorescent or LED lights in different growth chambers. A greenhouse environment was also considered and served as the control. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replicates in two consecutive years. The results indicated a significant difference among the light treatments regarding all morpho-physiological traits. Red and red-blue LED as well as greenhouse led to maximal fresh and dry biomass (yield), whereas white LED caused the least performance. Mean comparisons showed that that peppermint and pennyroyal were superior as compared to mint, for all studied traits. Mean comparison interaction effect of species and environment showed that peppermint and mint had the greatest fresh biomass under greenhouse and red-blue LED. In conclusion, red LED and combined red and blue LED were the best choice for production in three mint species using LEDs in vertical farming systems. Medicinal plants have long been recognized as valuable sources economically and pharmacologically. The family of Lamiaceae comprises a wide range of plants, which are commercially cultivated for their medical usage. Due to high marketability, producers continually investigate to maximize yield and productivity of these plants. Photoregulation is an effective strategy to improve productivity of plants. In the present work, we have studied the effect of different LED light treatments on morpho-physiological response of three different mint species including mint, peppermint and pennyroyal plants. The light treatments included red LED, blue LED, combined red and blue LEDs, and white emitted from fluorescent or LED lights in different growth chambers. A greenhouse environment was also considered and served as the control. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replicates in two consecutive years. The results indicated a significant difference among the light treatments regarding all morpho-physiological traits. Red and red-blue LED as well as greenhouse led to maximal fresh and dry biomass (yield), whereas white LED caused the least performance. Mean comparisons showed that that peppermint and pennyroyal were superior as compared to mint, for all studied traits. Mean comparison interaction effect of species and environment showed that peppermint and mint had the greatest fresh biomass under greenhouse and red-blue LED. In conclusion, red LED and combined red and blue LED were the best choice for production in three mint species using LEDs in vertical farming systems.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_84055_d0e8039fcee05fe320c9885ef781ae81.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 The comparison of the physico-chemical properties and tuberization date of advanced ‎clones and commercial potato cultivars The comparison of the physico-chemical properties and tuberization date of advanced ‎clones and commercial potato cultivars 473 486 84056 10.22059/ijhs.2020.300276.1785 FA Ahmad Mousapour Gorji Associate Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, ‎Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Davoud Hassanpanah Associate Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, ‎AREEO, Ardabil, Iran 0000-0002-1808-8069 Rahim Ahmadvand Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization ‎‎(AREEO), Karaj, Iran‎ Journal Article 2020 04 09 Physico-chemical properties of 52 advanced potato clones alog with four control varieties Agria, Marfona, Savalan and Buren were evaluated in unbalanced lattice design with three replications and in two regions (Karaj & Ardabil). The results showed that the reaction of genotypes was not similar in different places and there was a significant difference among them. Clones 106, 69, 48, 57, 40, 616, 200, 107, 49, 82, 21, 95, 81, 23, 31, 64, 300, 302, 613 and 11 had superiority to other genotypes based on total traits. Clones 503, 623, 405 and specially 82 were suitable for processing because of their high specific gravity, tuber dry matter and starch. Correlation coefficient assessment displayed that for indirect selection of high yield clones in breeding programs, specific gravity and tuber dry matter were the best characters with high validity. Varieties and clones with brighter flesh color (yellow bright) were generally with high specific gravity and tuber dry matter. In general, round tubers with high specific gravity and tuber dry matter are suggested to obtain cultivars with higher yield in potato breeding programs. Physico-chemical properties of 52 advanced potato clones alog with four control varieties Agria, Marfona, Savalan and Buren were evaluated in unbalanced lattice design with three replications and in two regions (Karaj & Ardabil). The results showed that the reaction of genotypes was not similar in different places and there was a significant difference among them. Clones 106, 69, 48, 57, 40, 616, 200, 107, 49, 82, 21, 95, 81, 23, 31, 64, 300, 302, 613 and 11 had superiority to other genotypes based on total traits. Clones 503, 623, 405 and specially 82 were suitable for processing because of their high specific gravity, tuber dry matter and starch. Correlation coefficient assessment displayed that for indirect selection of high yield clones in breeding programs, specific gravity and tuber dry matter were the best characters with high validity. Varieties and clones with brighter flesh color (yellow bright) were generally with high specific gravity and tuber dry matter. In general, round tubers with high specific gravity and tuber dry matter are suggested to obtain cultivars with higher yield in potato breeding programs.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_84056_7b87ef7df67c1032666582a919ddc36a.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Application of therapeutic landscape criteria and healing gardens in the design of ‎hospital’s green space (Case study: Tehran Children's Medical Center)‎ Application of therapeutic landscape criteria and healing gardens in the design of ‎hospital’s green space (Case study: Tehran Children's Medical Center)‎ 487 500 84185 10.22059/ijhs.2021.307830.1828 FA Behrooz Janipour Assistant Professor, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran. Karaj, Iran 0000-0001-5777-1330 Aysan Haghighi Khoshkhoo M.S. Graduate, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran. Karaj, Iran Mohammad Reza Taheri Assistant Professor, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran. Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2020 08 16 The design of hospital premises and green spaces play a very important role in patients satisfaction and recovery process. The aim of this study was to obtain criteria for designing therapist landscape in the country's hospitals using descriptive-analytical method. The case was selected as the subspecialty hospital of Tehran Children's Medical Center. After recognizing the current condition of the grounds and its green space, the necessary information was prepared from the patients and staff of the medical wards with a questionnaire and interview. Data were analyzed by qualitative and graphical analysis. The results showed that the general popularity of therapeutic landscape design is high. Moreover, regarding the Children's Medical Center, the majority of the respondents were dissatisfied with the current situation of the grounds and considered the expansion of green space very useful. They also believed that the proper design of hospital grounds and the creation of a healing garden or a therapeutic landscape could stimulate the five senses and have beneficial effects on promoting health, recovery, and facilitating the treatment of patients' mental and physical problems. In the end, solutions for creating and developing green space with the criteria of the therapist's perspective and landscaping were presented to the Pediatric Medical Center. The design of hospital premises and green spaces play a very important role in patients satisfaction and recovery process. The aim of this study was to obtain criteria for designing therapist landscape in the country's hospitals using descriptive-analytical method. The case was selected as the subspecialty hospital of Tehran Children's Medical Center. After recognizing the current condition of the grounds and its green space, the necessary information was prepared from the patients and staff of the medical wards with a questionnaire and interview. Data were analyzed by qualitative and graphical analysis. The results showed that the general popularity of therapeutic landscape design is high. Moreover, regarding the Children's Medical Center, the majority of the respondents were dissatisfied with the current situation of the grounds and considered the expansion of green space very useful. They also believed that the proper design of hospital grounds and the creation of a healing garden or a therapeutic landscape could stimulate the five senses and have beneficial effects on promoting health, recovery, and facilitating the treatment of patients' mental and physical problems. In the end, solutions for creating and developing green space with the criteria of the therapist's perspective and landscaping were presented to the Pediatric Medical Center.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_84185_f891846243ad469e801675dfb3da17b5.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 The effect of drought stress on morphological traits and proline values of five ‎medicinal species of Allium L. in Iran The effect of drought stress on morphological traits and proline values of five ‎medicinal species of Allium L. in Iran 501 513 84186 10.22059/ijhs.2020.294321.1750 FA Afsoun Rahmanpour Ph. D. Candidate,, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-5434-4595 Atousa Vaziri Assistant Professor, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-0804-5436 Parvin Salehi Shanjani Associate Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization ‎‎(AREEO), Tehran, Iran‎ Mina Rabie Associate Professor, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Younes Asri Associate Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization ‎‎(AREEO), Tehran, Iran‎ Journal Article 2019 12 24 To investigate the effect of drought stress on morphological traits and proline values seedling establishment in five species of Allium, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in greenhouse conditions at the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran in 2019. The first factor was species in five levels (Allium longisepalum Bertol., A. rubellum M. Bieb., A. giganteum Regel, A. stipitatum Regel, A. vavilovii Popov & Vved.) and the second factor was drought stress at four levels (100% (control), 75%, 50% and 35% field capacity). The results showed that effect of drought stress was significant on root length, bulb length and diameter, bulb dry weight, bulb dry matter (%) and leaf proline content. The results of cluster analysis put A. rubellum and A. vavilovii with a larger and heavier bulb due to drought stress in one cluster and A. longisepalum, A. giganteum and A. stipitatum with longer root length in the second cluster. The results showed different responses of Allium species to drought stress, as in A. giganteum and A. longisepalum, which showed signs of wilting 24 and 20 days after severe drought stress (35% of field capacity), respectively, were the most tolerant species, which can be used for genetic modification or planting in green space. To investigate the effect of drought stress on morphological traits and proline values seedling establishment in five species of Allium, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in greenhouse conditions at the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran in 2019. The first factor was species in five levels (Allium longisepalum Bertol., A. rubellum M. Bieb., A. giganteum Regel, A. stipitatum Regel, A. vavilovii Popov & Vved.) and the second factor was drought stress at four levels (100% (control), 75%, 50% and 35% field capacity). The results showed that effect of drought stress was significant on root length, bulb length and diameter, bulb dry weight, bulb dry matter (%) and leaf proline content. The results of cluster analysis put A. rubellum and A. vavilovii with a larger and heavier bulb due to drought stress in one cluster and A. longisepalum, A. giganteum and A. stipitatum with longer root length in the second cluster. The results showed different responses of Allium species to drought stress, as in A. giganteum and A. longisepalum, which showed signs of wilting 24 and 20 days after severe drought stress (35% of field capacity), respectively, were the most tolerant species, which can be used for genetic modification or planting in green space.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_84186_ca2e20a0917dd9fc0acbccd70ff2e74b.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 2008-482X 52 2 2021 08 23 Trigonelline production in cell culture of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum -graecum) ‎treated by biotic and abiotic elicitors Trigonelline production in cell culture of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum -graecum) ‎treated by biotic and abiotic elicitors 515 523 84912 10.22059/ijhs.2020.302100.1799 FA Behjat Alsadat Aghili M.Sc. Student, Department of plant breeding and biotechnology, Science and Research Branch, , Islamic ‎Azad University, Tehran, Iran Parisa Abdollahi Assistant Professor, Department of plant breeding and biotechnology, Science and Research Branch, , Islamic Azad University, ‎Tehran, Iran Mansoor Omidi Professor, Department of Agronomy and plant breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2020 05 03 Trigonelline is one of the valuable secondary metabolites of fenugreek plant. Plant cell suspension culture is a recommended method for in vitro production of secondary metabolites. To study the possibility of Trigonelline production in fenugreek cell suspension culture, factorial experiment based on CRD was designed. In this research different explants such as leaf, stem and root were used on MS medium including four different concentration of 2,4-D and BAP plant growth regulators to study callus induction ability in fenugreek plant. The results showed that largest size of calluses belonged to the root explant under 2,4-D(2mg/l) with 315 mm and stem explant on MS including 1 mg/l BAP with 320 mm. Also, the highest fresh and dry weight of callus belonged to root explant in MS including 2 mg / l 2,4-D with 1. 5 and 0.08g and stem explant in concentration of 1 mg / l BAP with 1.5 g and 0.07g. The data registered for callus dry weight showed the same results. Three different elicitors methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and yeast extract were used to increase the in vitro production of Trigonelline using cell suspension culture obtained from Fenugreek calluses. The highest amounts of Trigonelline was obtained from 100 μM salicylic acid. Trigonelline is one of the valuable secondary metabolites of fenugreek plant. Plant cell suspension culture is a recommended method for in vitro production of secondary metabolites. To study the possibility of Trigonelline production in fenugreek cell suspension culture, factorial experiment based on CRD was designed. In this research different explants such as leaf, stem and root were used on MS medium including four different concentration of 2,4-D and BAP plant growth regulators to study callus induction ability in fenugreek plant. The results showed that largest size of calluses belonged to the root explant under 2,4-D(2mg/l) with 315 mm and stem explant on MS including 1 mg/l BAP with 320 mm. Also, the highest fresh and dry weight of callus belonged to root explant in MS including 2 mg / l 2,4-D with 1. 5 and 0.08g and stem explant in concentration of 1 mg / l BAP with 1.5 g and 0.07g. The data registered for callus dry weight showed the same results. Three different elicitors methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and yeast extract were used to increase the in vitro production of Trigonelline using cell suspension culture obtained from Fenugreek calluses. The highest amounts of Trigonelline was obtained from 100 μM salicylic acid.

https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_84912_0e3b53a38cec655b0bf726577aa7d462.pdf